PSYCH Midterm 4

What does EEG measure?

Brain waves

What are psychological symptoms?

Cravings

True of false, The following reasons are NOT some of the reasons why females are more selective about selecting mates: - Females must spend much longer creating offspring than men - Childbirth is dangerous for women - Getting pregnant blocks other reproductive opportunities for females but not males - Women are approached more often - Promiscuity has a bigger negative repetitional cost for women in our society

False

True or false, Aggression is most common when women are not present.

False

True or false, LSD is a CNS stimulant.

False

True or false, MDMA is not harmful to your body.

False

True or false, MDMA takes ice cream scoops out of your brain.

False

True or false, Marijuana can be lethal in high doses.

False

True or false, Marijuana is NOT addictive.

False

True or false, Older people are more prone to aggression.

False

True or false, People with low self-esteem are more likely to be aggressive.

False

True or false, Prescription drugs from a doctor are not physically addictive.

False

True or false, Research proves that testosterone causes aggression.

False

True or false, The more you hear about diffusion of responsibility, the more likely you are to believe that someone else will take care of the situation.

False

True or false, Women are much less likely than men to be aggressive when threatened.

False

True or false, You experience more deep sleep (stage 4) later in the night.

False

What is phenomenology?

How things seem to the conscious person.

Why do the ironic processes of mental control occur?

Ironic errors occur because the mental process that monitors errors can itself produce them

What does EMG measure?

Muscle tension

What is the hypnagogic state?

Pre-sleep consciousness that is full of wandering thoughts and images and odd juxtapositions.

What is unity?

Resistance to division.

What is somnambulism?

Sleepwalking, it occurs when a person arises and walks around while asleep.

What is selectivity?

The capacity to include some objects but not others.

What is thought suppression?

The conscious avoidance of a thought.

What is the problem of other minds?

The fundamental difficulty we have in perceiving the consciousness of others.

What is the hypnopompic state?

The glimmerings of waking consciousness return again in foggy and imprecise form as you enter post-sleep consciousness.

What is the mind/body problem?

The issue of how the mind is related to the brain and body.

What is the rebound effect?

The tendency of a thought to return to consciousness with greater frequency following suppression.

What is transience?

The tendency to change.

What is the activation-synthesis model?

This theory proposes that dreams are produced when the brain attempts to make sense of random neural activity that occurs during sleep.

True or false, Aggression can be elicited by challenging people's status or dominance.

True

True or false, Alcohol is a CNS depressant.

True

True or false, Being aware of prejudice makes it less likely that you will act on it.

True

True or false, Everyone is prejudiced.

True

True or false, Full consciousness occurs when you know and are able to report your mental state.

True

True or false, Implicit association tests show that people select negative words more quickly when they are paired with a photo of the group they are biased against.

True

True or false, Intentionality is the quality of being directed toward an object.

True

True or false, Males are more likely to be aggressive than females.

True

True or false, Minimal consciousness is a low-level kind of sensory awareness and responsiveness that occur when the mind inputs sensations and may output behavior.

True

True or false, Prejudice is mostly (but not entirely) unconscious.

True

True or false, Rejection shaves years off our lives.

True

True or false, Self-consciousness is another distinct level of consciousness in which the person's attention is drawn to the self as an object.

True

True or false, Sleepwalking is more common in children.

True

True or false, The experience sampling technique is where people are asked to report their conscious experiences at particular times.

True

True or false, Withdrawals from opiates and alcohol can be lethal.

True

True or false, If you disrupt REM sleep, you will disrupt formation of long-term procedural memory.

True

What is physical addition?

Withdrawal symptoms

Which of the following is NOT a downside of being in a group? a) Groups make cooperation less risky b) Groups make people less healthy and happy c) Groups sometimes make poor decisions d) Groups may take extreme actions an individual member would not take alone.

a) Group make cooperation less risky

You're at a meeting of ice cream lover's guild. Everyone there comes into the meeting thinking that ice cream is pretty great. By the end of the meeting, the group has decided that all foods other than ice cream should be outlawed. This is an example of: a) Group polarization b) Diffusion of responsibility c) Groupthink

a) Group polarization

Why is cooperation risky? a) If person A cooperates and person B acts selfishly, person A will often be harmed and person B rewarded b) Both person A and person B are invariably harmed when they cooperate c) Cooperation takes too much time d) Only fools trust other people

a) If person A cooperates and person B acts selfishly, person A will often be harmed and person B rewarded

You have a dream that you are hanging upside down in a tree with a Possum named Craig. Then you and Craig the possum go visit your mom. Match the interpretation of this dream with the appropriate theory: You are consolidating long-term memories. a) Memory Consolidation b) Activation-Synthesis c) Wish-Fulfillment

a) Memory Consolidation

What are the two assumptions of social psychology? a) Our perceptions guide behavior b) Every individual relies on social groups c) Our behavior depends on context d) Group dynamics determine everything about our lives

a) Our perceptions guide behavior AND c) Our behavior depends on context

_______ is an experience involving feeling of euphoria, intimacy, and intense sexual attraction; _______ is an experience involving affection, trust, and concern for a partner's wellbeing. a) Passionate love; companionate love b) Companionate love; passionate love c) Long-term relationships; short term relationships

a) Passionate love; companionate love

What is the difference between prejudice and discrimination? a) Prejudice is an evaluation of a person; discrimination is a behavior toward another person. b) Discrimination is an evaluation; prejudice is a behavior. c) Prejudice is always negative but discrimination can be positive or negative.

a) Prejudice is an evaluation of a person; discrimination is a behavior toward another person.

What is social psychology? a) Psychology of how others influence us as we move throughout our days b) All psychology-all behavior is social so all psychology counts c) Psychology of businesses

a) Psychology of how other influence us as we move throughout our days

Which of the following is a cognitive process that facilitates easier processing of the social world? a) Stereotyping b) Discrimination c) Deindividuation d) Prejudice

a) Stereotyping

Which of the following is a cognitive process that facilitates easier processing of the social world? a) Stereotyping b) Discrimination c) Deindividuation d) Preudice

a) Stereotyping

How do social inequalities increase prejudice? a) The in-group tries to justify the maltreatment of the out-group b) The out-group hates being treated differently by the in-group c) There is more research done about the problems with the out-group when they are unequal

a) The in-group tries to justify the maltreatment of the out-group

Which of the following is NOT true about stereotypes? a) They are always false b) They are a type of social cognition c) They can lead to self-fulfilling prophecies d) They can arise unconsciously and automatically

a) They are always false

I drink coffee everyday because I crave it when I wake up, and if I don't I'll be grouchy and get a headache. Am I addicted to coffee? a) Yes b) No

a) Yes

Sleep needs _____ over the life span. a) decrease b) increase c) fluctuate d) remain the same

a) decrease

Tolerance for drugs involved a) larger doses being required over time to achieve the same effect. b) openness to new experiences c) the initial attraction of drug use. d) the lessening of the painful symptoms that accompany withdrawal.

a) larger doses being required over time to achieve the same effect.

The cycle of sleep and waking is one of the major patterns of human life called? a) the circadian rhythm. b) the sleep stages. c) the altered state of consciousness. d) subliminal perception

a) the circadian rhythm.

You have a dream that you are hanging upside down in a tree with a Possum named Craig. Then you and Craig the possum go visit your mom. Match the interpretation of this dream with the appropriate theory: You have random neural activity in your brain and your cortex is trying to make sense of it. a) Memory Consolidation b) Activation-Synthesis c) Wish-Fulfillment

b) Activation-Synthesis

________ makes people less likely to engage in ________ a) Diffusion of responsibility; aggression b) Diffusion of responsibility; bystander intervention c) Groupthink; bystander intervention d) Group think; prejudice

b) Diffusion of responsibility; bystander

A social group hazes its new members by asking them to do progressively more humiliating tasks. What type of persuasion does this group utilize? a) Cognitive dissonance b) Foot in the door phenomenon c) Correspondence bias d) Systematic persuasion

b) Foot in the door phenomenon

What is the common knowledge effect? a) Everyone in a culture has some shared base of knowledge b) Groups tend to focus on information shared by all members c) Individuals tend to feel less responsible for their actions when they're surrounded by others acting the same way d) Immersion in a group causes people to become less aware of their individual values

b) Groups tend to focus on information shared by all members

I compulsively check my phone. Am I addicted to my phone? a) Yes b) No

b) No

Which of the following is NOT true about the implicit association test (IAT)? a) It was created by a UW faculty member b) Scores on it are highly correlated with explicit bias c) It can be used to measure preferences for cats or dogs d) Findings from IAT studies reveal that implicit bias is very prevalent in contemporary society

b) Scores on it are highly correlated with explicit bias

Which of the following is NOT an example of psychological aggression? a) Bob doesn't like what Joe has to say and punches him in the face b) Sierra slide tackles in a soccer match attempting to get the ball c) A t-rex is eating lunch and gets annoyed by a neighboring pterodactyl, so she eats the pterodactyl for dessert to make it shut up. d) A robber fires a gun at a banker, but misses

b) Sierra slide tackles in a soccer match attempting to get the ball

In which of the following stages of sleep do our brains produce delta waves? a) REM sleep, or when we're dreaming b) Stage 4 sleep, or our deepest sleep c) Sound sleep, when we're not moving d) None of the above, we only have delta waves when we're awake

b) Stage 4 sleep, or our deepest sleep

What is NOT an argument against the existence of altruism? a) Many behaviors have hidden benefits for the person doing them. b) There is good evidence that no one acts altruistically c) A lot of times individuals cooperate with their relatives d) Sometimes people will act altruistically with the expectation that the benefits will be returned in the future

b) There is good evidence that no one acts altruistically

Which of the following is NOT true about REM sleep? a) your muscles are paralyzed b) it is the hardest stage from which to be awakened c) you may be dreaming d) your brain is producing beta waves

b) it is the hardest stage from which to be awakened

Why are acts of aggression - from violent crime to athletic brawls - more likely to occur on hot days when people are feeling irritated and uncomfortable? a) frustration b) negative affect c) resource scarcity d) biology and culture interaction

b) negative affect

Psychoactive drugs influence consciousness by altering the effects of a) agonists. b) neurotransmitters. c) amphetamines. d) spinal neurons.

b) neurotransmitters.

The tendency to do what authorities tell us to do is known as a) persuasion. b) obedience. c) conformity. d) the self-fulfilling prophecy.

b) obedience.

What do withdrawal symptoms from narcotics look like? a) lethargy; laziness b) pain; agitation

b) pain; agitation

Narcotic drugs _______ while depressant drugs _______. a) increase CNS activity; reduce SNC activity b) relieve pain; reduce CNS activity c) reduce CNS activity; relieve pain d) relieve pain; increases CNS activity

b) relieve pain; reduce CNS activity

Drugs that heighten arousal and activity levels by affecting the central nervous system are a) depressants. b) stimulants. c) narcotics. d) hallucinogens.

b) stimulants.

Which explanation of dreams proposes that they are produced when the mind attempts to make sense of random neural activity that occurs in the brain during sleep? a) Freud's psychoanalytic theory b) the activation-synthesis model c) the cognitive unconscious model d) the manifest content framework

b) the activation-synthesis model

Which of the following is NOT a basic property of consciousness? a) intentionality b) disunity c) selectivity d) transcience

b. disunity

What is kin selection? a) Many behaviors have hidden benefits for the person doing them. b) There is good evidence that no one acts altruistically c) A lot of times individuals cooperate with their relatives d) Sometimes people will act altruistically with the expectation that the benefits will be returned in the future

c) A lot of time individuals cooperate with their relatives

Which of the following is a behavior? a) Stereotyping b) Prejudice c) Discrimination d) Kin selection

c) Discrimination

I want an ice cream cone. In the cafeteria, Jolene buys the last ice cream cone. I yell at Jolene. What hypothesis does this support? a) Natural selection b) Survival of the fittest c) Frustration-aggression d) Hot and bothered

c) Frustration-aggression

What is diffusion of responsibility? a) Everyone in a culture has some shared base of knowledge b) Groups tend to focus on information shared by all members c) Individuals tend to feel less responsible for their actions when they're surrounded by others acting the same way d) Immersion in a group causes people to become less aware of their individual values

c) Individuals tend to feel less responsible for their actions when they're surrounded by others acting the same way

What is industrial/organizational psychology? a) Psychology of how others influence us as we move throughout our days b) All psychology-all behavior is social so all psychology counts c) Psychology of businesses

c) Psychology of businesses

If you are doing a group project and a participant doesn't do anything, what is this an example of? a) Group polarization b) Social influence c) Social loafing d) Discrimination

c) Social loafing

Which researcher studied conformity? a) Stanley Milgram b) Tony Greenwald c) Solomon Asch d) Philip Zimbardo

c) Solomon Asch

Which of the following is not true about the Stanford Prison Experiment? a) Participants were assigned to be either prisoners or guards b) The study ended early because of ethical considerations c) The lead researcher was Stanley Milgram d) The study took place at Stanford

c) The lead researcher was Stanley Milgram

What is required for an individual to influence a group? a) Good looks b) Willingness to take other opinions into account c) Unwavering commitment to ideals d) A cell phone

c) Unwavering commitment to ideals

You have a dream that you are hanging upside down in a tree with a Possum named Craig. Then you and Craig the possum go visit your mom. Match the interpretation of this dream with the appropriate theory: You believe your mom doesn't understand you as she sees you "upside down" much like the possum. You also don't think she's going to like your new boyfriend, Craig. a) Memory Consolidation b) Activation-Synthesis c) Wish-Fulfillment

c) Wish-Fulfillment

Dr. Bob wants to do an experiment on alcohol. He brings participants into a bar and gives them each a beer. Unbeknownst to them, half received regular beer and half received non-alcoholic beer. He then observes their behavior. What do you expect he will find? a) those who receive alcohol will be more relaxed and friendly than those who don't b) those who don't receive alcohol will not show a change in their behavior c) all participants will be more relaxed and friendly d) those who didn't receive real beed will notice immediately and revolt

c) all participants will be more relaxed and friendly

Hypnosis has been proven to have a) an effect on physical strength. b) a positive effect on memory retrieval. c) an analgesic effect. d) an age-regression effect.

c) an analgesic effect.

A common occupational stereotype is that lawyers are manipulative. Most people who subscribe to this stereotype a) believe that the stereotype applies to all lawyers. b) believe that the stereotype accurately applies to just a small percentage of lawyers. c) believe that lawyers are more likely to misperceive lawyers when they actually meet. d) would not be likely to misperceive lawyers when they actually meet.

c) believe that lawyers are more likely to misperceive lawyers when they actually meet.

What is the single best predictor of aggression? a) temperament b) age c) gender d) status

c) gender

fMRI studies of the dreaming brain reveal all of the following EXCEPT a) increased sensitivity to emotions. b) activations associated with visual activity c) increased capacity for planning. d) prevention of movement.

c) increased capacity for planning.

What is the process by which people come to understand others? a) dispositional attribution b) the accuracy motive c) social cognition d) cognitive dissonance

c) social cognition

Which of the following explains why we make situational attributions for our own behavior and dispositional attributions for others' behavior? a) Fundamental attribution error b) Correspondence bias c) Actor-observer effect d) All of the above

d) All of the above

What is groupthink? a) Everyone in a culture has some shared base of knowledge b) Groups tend to focus on information shared by all members c) Individuals tend to feel less responsible for their actions when they're surrounded by others acting the same way d) Immersion in a group causes people to become less aware of their individual values

d) Immersion in a group causes people to become less aware of their individual values

Which of the following four individuals is LEAST likely to be a good candidate for hypnosis? a) Jake, who spends lots of time watching movies b) Ava, who is convinced she is easily hypnotizable c) Evan, who has an active, vivid imagination d) Isabel, who loves to play sports

d) Isabel, who loves to play sports

Which of the following is an attitudinal process, involving a positive or negative evaluation of somebody based on a given group membership? a) Stereotyping b) Discrimination c) Deindividuation d) Prejudice

d) Prejudice

What is known as reciprocal altruism? a) Many behaviors have hidden benefits for the person doing them. b) There is good evidence that no one acts altruistically c) A lot of times individuals cooperate with their relatives d) Sometimes people will act altruistically with the expectation that the benefits will be returned in the future

d) Sometimes people will act altruistically with the expectation that the benefits will be returned in the future

The __________ unconscious is at work when subliminal and unconscious processes influence thought and behaviors. a) minimal b) repressive c) dynamic d) cognitive

d) cognitive

Andrea and Jeff had to wait in line for over an hour to get into an exclusive restaurant. Despite being served a mediocre meal, they glowingly praised the restaurant to their friends. This behavior was probably a result of a) conformity b) the norm of reciprocity c) the foot in the door technique d) cognitive dissonance

d) cognitive dissonance

The tendency to make a dispositional attribution even when another person's behavior was caused by the situation is referred to as a) the actor-observer effect. b) stereotyping. c) perceptual confirmation. d) correspondence bias.

d) correspondence bias.

Which of the following do we not use to study sleep? a) Sleep laboratories b) EEG c) EMG d) fMRI

d) fMRI

The _______ motive describes how people are motivated to experience pleasure and to avoid experiencing pain. a) emotional b) accuracy c) approval d) hedonic

d) hedonic

Alcohol expectancy refers to a) alcohol's initial effects of euphoria and reduced anxiety. b) the widespread acceptance of alcohol as a socially approved substance. c) alcohol leading people to respond in simple ways to complex situations. d) people's beliefs about how alcohol will influence them in particular situations.

d) people's beliefs about how alcohol will influence them in particular situations.

Which of the following is TRUE? a) We go through multiple circadian rhythms per night b) insomnia usually has a biological cause c) night terrors are dreams comprised of particularly fearful content d) sleep apnea occurs when someone briefly stops breathing during sleep e) it is not safe to wake a sleepwalker

d) sleep apnea occurs when someone briefly stops breathing during sleep

The prisoner's dilemma game illustrates a) the hypothesis-confirming bias. b) the diffusion of responsibility. c) group polarization. d) the benefits and costs of cooperation.

d) the benefits and costs of cooperation.

Currently, unconscious processes are understood as a) a concentrated pattern of thought suppression. b) a hidden system of memories, instincts, and desires. c) a blank slate. d) unexperienced mental processes that give rise to thoughts and behaviors.

d) unexperienced mental processes that give rise to thoughts and behaviors.