psych module 22-26

refers to a biological predisposition to learn particular associations.

preparedness

In the last few months of 2001, many Americans believed flying was more dangerous than driving. This led to a major increase in traffic fatalities. This flaw in reasoning is known as:

the availability heuristic.

In conditioned taste aversion, spoiled or poisoned food is a powerful:

unconditioned stimulus

How does the cognitive view of classical conditioning differ from the traditional behaviorist perspective?

The cognitive view maintains that mental processes as well as external events are important components in the learning process.

Observational learning is to latent learning as _____ is to _____

albert; edward

Joanne will not go out at night because she hears from her local news station about the large number of muggings and robberies that occur in her city. However, crime in Joanne's city has actually gone down in the past few years. Joanne's example illustrates

availibility huristic

"You always clam up when I ask you what's wrong," Iris tells her boyfriend. Iris is probably making this frequency judgment because she can remember a few times that her boyfriend wouldn't tell her what was bothering him. Iris is demonstrating:

availibilty huristic

Prompt and clear feedback regarding one's performance on a psychology practice test is MOST likely to inhibit:

overconfidence

LaTonya resisted changing her answer to a test question after reminding herself that it's always best to stick with your first answer. LaTonya's decision BEST illustrates the use of a simple thinking strategy called a(n)

a heuristic

The predictability of an association between a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus (US) facilitates an organism's ability to expect or anticipate the occurrence of the US. This fact is MOST likely to be highlighted by a _____ perspective

cognitive

Myra has such low self-esteem that she is often on the lookout for critical comments about her appearance and personality. Myra's behavior BEST illustrates the dangers of:

confirmation bias

divergent thinking involves:

expanding the number of possible solutions to a problem.

_____, the sudden awareness of a problem's solution, is aptly represented by a light bulb over a thinker's head.

insight

Makayla is taking a child development class and has been assigned a class project of her choice. She has chosen to analyze children's drawings. She collected children's drawings from a nearby elementary school from a total of 50 children in the third grade. Now she is in the process of analyzing the drawings and preparing her presentation. She has completely lost track of time. She meant to work on this for only an hour but when she looks at the clock three hours have passed. She is completely interested in the project and finds it challenging to analyze the drawings. Makayla is demonstrating _____.

intrinsic motivation

Marcus is taking advanced placement chemistry in high school because he loves science and is fascinated by chemistry experimentation. Wade is taking advanced placement chemistry because his guidance counselor told him he had to if he intended to apply to a pre-med program at a competitive university. Marcus is motivated by _____, while Wade is motivated by _____.

intrinsic; extrinsic

26) An effortless, immediate, and automatic thought or feeling is known as:

intuition

Instead of taking the time to rationally think about every decision that is faced on a daily basis, people often resort to

intuition

If a child is watching a favorite sibling getting scolded for misbehavior, a type of brain cell called a _____ is likely to be activated in an empathetic response to this observation.

mirror nueron

module 26: what is a prototype?

most representive example of a concept.

Albert Bandura's Bobo doll experiments were intended to demonstrate:

observable learning