psych module 4 quiz

____ refers to the degree to which causal inferences can be made in the study; ____ refers to the degree that the study's findings can be applied to the larger population

Internal validity; external validity

Dru is reading about the different types of research. If he reads, "This type of research has the primary advantage of allowing a scientist to determine cause and effect relationships," what kind of research method is he studying?

a laboratory experiment

When researchers take special care to include and control for every possible variable, the study is likely to have high ___________, even though the results may not generalize to a more realistic situation.

internal validity

The degree to which a study allows unambiguous causal inferences has ________.

internal validity

Dr. Hart is interested in the role of relationships in preventing heart disease. As her patients come into her office in Bluebell, Alabama, she asks them two questions: Are you a in a relationship? Have you experienced any heart problems in the last 8 years? Based on her findings, she concludes that relationships cause cardiovascular (heart) problems. One issue with her methodology is that the results are not generalizable. What does this mean?

Her results may not be true for the entire population.

What type of research highlights causality, allowing the cause to be separated from the effect?

Laboratory experiments

Dr. Sharma wants to study the extent to which stress is related to suicidal ideation in people who suffer from depression. She gathers information about the level of stress, depressive symptoms, and suicidal thoughts a set of participants experience the day after they attend the funeral of a loved one. Because this study is assessing people under conditions that are not typical of everyday life, it is lacking in __________ validity.

ecological

The degree to which the effect, or findings, have been obtained under conditions that are typical for what happens in everyday life and daily routines.

ecological validity

Dr. Tylka is conducting research about the risk of developing eating disorders in adolescent boys. She concludes that her findings apply not only to the sample of high school boys she studied, but to other males in other settings and contexts. In this regard, Dr. Tylka is stating that her findings have high __________ validity.

external

The degree to which a study ensures that potential findings apply to settings and samples other than the ones being studied refers to:

external validity