Psych pages 675-685

What procedure is most likely to result in a loss of memory?

ECT

ECT studies that include a control condition in which people receive simulated ECT without the shock indicate that the effectiveness of ECT is partially due to

a placebo effect

One good alternative to antidepressant drugs is

aerobic exercise

Xanax and Ativan are ________ drugs.

antianxiety

Melissa suffers from auditory hallucinations and falsely believes that her former high school teachers are trying to kill her. Melissa's symptoms are most likely to be relieved by ________ drugs.

antipsychotic

Sluggishness, tremors, and twitches similar to those of Parkinson's disease are most likely to be associated with the excessive use of certain ________ drugs.

antipsycotic

Antidepressant drugs are increasingly being prescribed for the treatment of

anxiety disorders

Professor Bensfield emphasizes that recovery from bipolar disorder involves a continuous interplay among patients' physical reactions to mood-stabilizing drugs, their positive expectations that their lives will improve, and the supportive responses of patients' families and friends. The professor's emphasis best illustrates a(n) ________ approach to therapy.

biopsychosocial

Treating our mind and body as independent entities seems especially inappropriate to those who take a ________ approach to therapy.

biopsychosocial

Chlorpromazine is an antipsychotic drug that reduces paranoia and hallucinations by

dampening responsiveness to irrelevant stimuli

Lithium reduces bipolar patients' vulnerability to

dementia

Deep-brain stimulation involves the implantation of ________ into the brain.

electrodes

Xanax would most likely be prescribed in order to help

jerome overcome feelings of nervous apprehension and inability to relax

Cognitive therapy works, top-down, by changing thought processes. Antidepressant drugs work, bottom-up, on the emotion-forming

limbic system

Edith, a 45-year-old journalist, alternates between extreme sadness and lethargy and extreme euphoria and overactivity. The drug most likely to prove beneficial to her is

lithium

Inserting a medical instrument through each eye socket was part of a procedure known as

lobotomy

Lithium is often an effective ________ drug.

mood-stabilizing

One possible explanation for the delayed effect of antidepressant drugs is that the increased availability of serotonin seems to promote

neurogenesis

D-cycloserine helps relieve the symptoms of

obsessive compulsive disorder

MRI-guided precision surgery is occasionally done to cut the brain circuits involved in severe cases of

obsessive compulsive disorder

Bolstering parents' and teachers' skills at nurturing children's achievement and resulting self-esteem best illustrates

preventive mental health

Identifying and eliminating the socially stressful conditions that contribute to psychological disorders is of most central interest to the advocates of

preventive mental health

The least used biomedical intervention for changing behavior is

psychosurgery

Psychosurgery involves

removing or destroying brain tissue

Which of the following biomedical treatments provides some of the benefits of ECT without triggering seizures or memory loss?

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

Most combat-stressed veterans do not later exhibit posttraumatic stress disorder. This best illustrates

resilience

Several widely used antidepressant drugs are most often called ________ because they are used in treating disorders other than depression—from anxiety to stroke.

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Which of the following individuals is most likely to benefit from Prozac?

shannon, who feels helpless and apathetic and thinks her life is meaningless and worthless

In promoting therapeutic lifestyle change, Stephen Ilardi and his colleagues note that human brains and bodies were designed for physical activity and

social engagement

A natural return to a state of psychological health following an extended period of depression illustrates

spontaneous recovery

Compared with placebos, antidepressant drugs provide ________ benefits to patients with severe symptoms of depression and ________ benefits to patients with mild symptoms of depression.

substantial; minimal

One group of ocean voyagers is given a new but untested pill for seasickness and a second group is given an inactive pill. Neither the voyagers nor the experimental researchers know which group has received the new pill. In this experiment, the investigators are making use of

the double blind technique

Dr. Judd is convinced that psychological disorders result largely from stressful social situations rather than from disturbances within the individual personality. Dr. Judd's belief is most consistent with the assumptions that underlie

the work of community psychologists

During the 1940s and 1950s, lobotomies were most likely to be performed on psychologically disturbed patients who were

uncontrollably violent

After discontinuing heavy use of an antianxiety drug, Angela experienced increased anxiety and difficulty sleeping. Angela was experiencing symptoms of

withdrawal