psych test 4
Who developed the therapy that teaches people new and more adaptive ways of thinking and acting, which is known as cognitive therapy?
Aaron Beck
A therapist committed to evidence-based practice selects whichever type of therapy enjoys the most empirical support for the disorder a given client is experiencing. The therapist is MOST likely to reflect a(n) _____ perspective.
eclectic
According to one study, one thing good therapies do NOT have in common is:
evidence-based support.
Which factor is the weakest predictor of violence?
mental illness
Generalized anxiety disorder, panic attacks, posttraumatic stress disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder express themselves biologically by:
overarousing areas of the brain responsible for impulse control and habitual behaviors.
Clarice seeks treatment for a history of childhood sexual abuse. She is interested in therapy which will help provide insight into her ongoing symptoms. Clarice is MOST likely to receive:
psychodynamic therapy
Who emphasized the importance of transference in the therapeutic process?
sigmund Frued
James is in prison for a violent offense and has a history of violence, availability of weapons, and substance use. He has also been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. What was the most likely trigger for his violence?
substance abuse
To help Adam reduce his fear of dogs, a therapist encourages him to physically relax and imagine that he is walking toward a friendly and harmless little dog. The therapist's technique BEST illustrates:
systematic desensitization
Involuntary movements of facial muscles, the tongue, or limbs are side effects referred to as _____.
tardive dyskinesia
One of the criticisms about the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition involves how clinicians go about defining behavior as a disorder. This is because:
these diagnostic labels are determined subjectively rather than scientifically.
Elaina is a 15-year-old adolescent who has become shockingly thin. She barely eats and, when she does, she compensates by exercising excessively. Elaina is MOST likely suffering from:
anorexia
These drugs are used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder.
antipsychotic drugs
Calvin is extremely manipulative. He can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly. His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him, but he is indifferent to their suffering as a result of his actions. Calvin's behavior BEST illustrates _____ personality disorder.
antisocial
An integrated understanding of psychological disorders in terms of three interactive environments is most clearly provided by a _____ approach.
biopsychosocial
Dr. Cobbs believes that psychological disorders are influenced by genetic predispositions and physiological states. He is also aware that inner psychological dynamics, social dynamics, and culture influence psychological disorders. Dr. Cobbs believes in a _____ model.
biopsychosocial
Nancy's therapist is an active listener who often paraphrases what she says. He does not judge her and is quite open to her exploration of her weaknesses. He gives her appropriate validation and encourages her to reflect on her feelings. He wants to deepen her self-understanding. Her therapy is MOST likely:
client-centered therapy.
Roxanne suffers from severe anxiety. Her therapist believes in utilizing only empirically supported treatments to treat anxiety such as:
cognitive-behavioral therapy.
While researchers have discovered that there are an excessive number of receptor sites for _________________, it is not the only neurotransmitter involved in schizophrenia.
dopamine
Marlow is suffering from schizophrenia. Marlow sees a therapist once a week to help him improve his social skills and modify his maladaptive behaviors. His therapist uses a combination of behavioral conditioning techniques and more cognitive approaches. Marlow's therapist is MOST likely using which approach?
eclectic
According to the textbook, 9-month-old infants attend more to sounds representing ancient threats, such as thunder, than to sounds representing modern dangers, such as gunfire. This BEST supports the role of _____ in anxiety.
evolution
Qwan often finds himself anxious in social situations. He avoids eye contact with others and regularly dismisses his fears of blushing uncontrollably as shyness. If Qwan were Japanese, he might be suffering from:
taijin-kyofuso
One of the main reasons that the newer-generation antipsychotic medications are prescribed preferentially for people suffering from schizophrenia is:
lower risk for tardive dyskinesia
Which two psychological disorders exist in every known society in the world?
major depressive disorder and schizophrenia
Historically there have been a variety of models used to explain psychological disorders. The ___________ model assumes that mental disorders have physical causes that can be diagnosed and treated.
medical
One year ago Margo lost everything in a devastating flood. Although she is not entirely back on her feet, Margo finds more meaning in her life than she ever has. Margo's example BEST illustrates:
post traumatic growth
Reinforcing desired behaviors, and withholding reinforcement for undesired behaviors is known as:
behavior modification
Naima washes her hands about 50 times a day because she is afraid of the germs that seem to be everywhere. Rana washes her hands about 50 times a day because she is a nurse practitioner and she knows that it is an important part of her job. Why is Naima's hand washing considered part of a psychological disorder while Rana's is not?
The behavior is deviant for someone whose work does not demand it.
In stressful situations, people with an antisocial personality disorder show _____ fear and _____ autonomic arousal when compared with people unaffected by the disorder.
less;less
Which alternative therapy has shown promise as an effective treatment?
light exposure therapy
_____ refers to the positive psychological changes that result from struggling with extremely challenging circumstances.
post-traumatic growth
A psychoanalyst would use this term to describe the tendency for some people to crack jokes when a conversation gets heavy.
resistance
The U.S. National Institute of Mental Health has estimated that just over 1 in _____ adult Americans has or had a "mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder currently or within the past year."
5
About 1 in _____ of those with schizophrenia go on to have a full, enduring recovery.
7
Many physicians did not realize that bleeding was an ineffective treatment for typhoid fever until researchers made effective use of:
a control group
According to one study, good therapies share much in common, including:
a new perspective
George, a gay man who is not open about his sexual orientation in his work environment due to fear of discrimination, is likely to:
be at greater risk for mental health problems due to social stigma.
Person-centered therapy is a specific type of _____ therapy.
humanistic
Howard Dully was a victim of lobotomy at the age of 12. He has written a memoir about his experiences. How would one expect that lobotomy would have affected him?
impaired executive function
Helena believes that people with psychological disorders are suffering from diseases that have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and sometimes even cured. Helena believes in the _____ model of psychological disorders.
medical
A research team combines the results of nearly two dozen studies examining the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy in treating self-injurious behavior among clients with borderline personality disorder. The research team is conducting a:
metanalysis
Which of the following was the lowest reported psychological disorder in the United States in 2015?
obsessive-compulsive disorder
Two disorders that involve anxiety are _____ disorder and _____.
obsessive-compulsive; posttraumatic stress disorder
People who feel irrationally and intensely afraid of a specific object or situation are suffering from a(n) _____.
phobia
Family therapists view the family as a:
system
Nearly 1 in _____ people will develop schizophrenia
100
The symptoms of bipolar disorder begin to appear at a median age of about:
20
Aaron, a man in his fifties suffering from depression, is considering trying deep-brain stimulation (DBS) to alleviate his symptoms. His review of the research, however, shows that there is a _____ percent chance that the treatment will not help at all.
30
Which of the following is TRUE about ADHD?
The majority of those with ADHD are boys.
This therapy is empirically supported for treating bed-wetting.
behavior therapy
This type of therapy uses drugs or other treatments to influence the brain directly.
biomedical therapy
Mr. James incorrectly believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his savings. Mr. James is MOST clearly demonstrating:
delusions
Client-centered therapists emphasize the importance of:
enabling clients to feel unconditionally accepted.
The relationship between the season in which people are born and their subsequent risk of schizophrenia BEST highlights the role of _____ in this disorder.
viral infections
_____ is often associated with the onset of schizophrenia.
young adulthood
The percentage of Americans who reported suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in 2015 was:
1.0
John is a 28-year-old male who suffers from bipolar disorder. He does not like lithium because of the side effects. His doctor prescribes this medication, originally used to treat epilepsy. This medication is:
Depakote
Which psychologist is MOST likely to agree with the idea that dreams offer valuable clues to the unconscious mind?
Dr. Dominguez, a psychoanalytic therapist
Which statement BEST expresses the relationship between insight therapy and humanistic therapy?
Humanistic therapy is one type of insight therapy.
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
People with mental disorders are more likely to be victims than perpetrators of violence.
The three main features that humanistic therapists hope to exhibit are genuineness, _____, and _____.
acceptance; empathy
In its introduction to biomedical therapy, the textbook describes therapeutic lifestyle change. Because therapeutic lifestyle change includes components aimed at improving the body's physical health, reducing negative thinking, and increasing meaningful social engagement, it BEST reflects a _____ approach to treating psychological disorders.
biopsychosocial
Psychologists call the overgeneralizing and self-blaming thinking associated with depression:
catastrophizing.
George Albee's work on preventive mental health revealed that _____ and demoralizing stressors are MOST likely to lead to mental health problems.
chronic
It is difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of psychotherapy because:
clients generally speak kindly about their therapists.
Ashley has a master's degree. Based on this information alone, Ashley is NOT a:
clinical psychologist
According to psychologists and psychiatrists, a disordered behavior is NOT necessarily:
dangerous
Michael complains that threatening voices are constantly telling him he is so evil he should kill himself. Michael is experiencing:
hallucinations
What is likely to be reduced by therapeutic drugs that block dopamine receptors?
hallucinations
According to the textbook, brain scans of clients with dissociative identity disorder show "shrinkage in areas that aid memory and detection of threat." These areas are MOST likely the _____ and the _____, respectively.
hippocampus; amygdala
This "disorder" was eliminated from the DSM in 1973.
homosexuality
Which symptom is NOT diagnostic of schizophrenia
mania
Four people are seen in a psychiatric clinic for treatment with newly acquired mental illness. Their respective diagnoses are obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), bipolar disorder, phobic disorder, and schizophrenia. The person suffering from _____ is MOST likely to be an adolescent.
phobic disorder
Regarding the treatment of schizophrenia, dopamine-blocking drugs lessen _____ symptoms such as delusions or hallucinations.
positive
Bonnie has just finished a two-year master's program and now is in postgraduate supervision that is preparing her to offer psychotherapy to people with everyday personal and family problems. Bonnie is MOST likely preparing to be a:
psychiatric social worker.
In an eating disorders clinic, the patients receive merits for good eating behaviors such as finishing their meal, not exercising after their meal, and for appropriate behaviors in the unit. This BEST illustrates an application of:
the token economy
A large-scale World Health Organization study (2004)—based on 90-minute interviews of thousands of people—estimated the number of prior-year mental disorders in 28 countries. Which country had the highest rate of diagnosed psychological disorders?
the united states
When making a decision on which therapy to use, the American Psychological Association (APA) advocates that clinicians consider all of the following EXCEPT:
therapeutic trends
Drew's therapist believes in using only empirically supported therapies for treating his insomnia. She will probably use _____ therapy.
cognitive
Sherry recognizes that depressed people do not exhibit the same self-serving bias in thinking common among nondepressed people. She is MOST likely a _____ therapist.
cognitive
Adam's therapist believes in using only empirically supported therapies for treating his depression. She will probably use:
cognitive therapy
A major characteristic of schizophrenia is diminished and inappropriate emotion. For example, some people suffering from schizophrenia exhibit ___________, often described as a "zombielike" state of apparent apathy.
flat affect
A person with schizophrenia who may see, feel, taste, or smell things that are not there is said to be experiencing:
hallucinations
Trina's life history includes some adversity. She has come to enjoy better mental health and well-being than Stephanie, who has never faced any significant adversity. This best illustrates the importance of:
posttraumatic growth
Research results on the effectiveness of psychotherapy show that:
treatment generally provides a boost to a person's long-term outcome.
According to one study, good therapies share much in common, including:
hope for demoralized people
Nancy's therapist is an active listener who often paraphrases what she says. He does not judge her and is quite open to her exploration of her weaknesses. He gives her appropriate validation and encourages her to reflect on her feelings. He wants to deepen her self-understanding. Her therapy is MOST likely:
humanistic
Which of the following patients with schizophrenia is more likely to respond to medication?
Tonya, who has positive symptoms of schizophrenia
Around the world, people may experience the same genetically based disorder quite differently, depending on their personal expectations and their cultural definition of abnormality. This best illustrates the need for:
a biopsychosocial approach
Bob has never been able to keep a job. He has been in and out of jail for theft, sexual assault, and spousal abuse. Bob would MOST likely be diagnosed as having:
antisocial personality disorder
Bobby stole money from the local grocery store on the corner to buy beer. He later assaulted a 72-year-old woman and stole her purse. In the alley, he dumped the purse, went to Starbucks for a cup of coffee, and proceeded to take the train over to the south side. On the train, someone stepped on his shoes, and Bobby threw the hot coffee in the person's face and laughed. Bobby would be considered to have:
antisocial personality disorder.
These disorders share the common problem of emotion regulation.
anxiety and mood disorders
As a parent, Wendy is skeptical of treatments that sound too good to be true. When she arrives at the psychologist's office, she asks about effective treatment for bed-wetting because her 6-year-old son has been having difficulties. She learns that _____ is the empirically supported treatment.
behavior conditioning
Identify the age group that is most likely to display the key symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
4-17 year old children
Chase is experiencing depression. He feels terrible and wants immediate relief. His doctor prescribes an antidepressant. How soon will Chase get relief?
4-6 weeks
Constance suffers from generalized anxiety disorder and Steven suffers from depression. What class of medication are they MOST likely to be prescribed?
Both will receive antidepressants.
Several years after his wife's death, Mr. Sanchez remains incapacitated by feelings of guilt and sadness. To reduce Mr. Sanchez's depression, a therapist is actively encouraging him to stop blaming himself for his inability to prevent his wife's death. The therapist's approach is MOST representative of:
cognitive therapy
This therapy is empirically supported for treating posttraumatic stress disorder.
cognitive therapy
Arianna displays very dysfunctional behavior. She is unable to care for herself, cannot dress herself, and has limited understanding of her surroundings. Prior to the reform movement influenced by Philippe Pinel, Arianna's behavior would MOST likely have been considered:
demon possession
David Rosenhan and colleagues conducted a study examining the biasing power of diagnostic labels. They went to mental hospital admissions offices and complained of hearing voices saying empty, hollow, and thud. This was the only complaint they reported and they displayed no other symptoms. They were all:
diagnosed as mentally ill and the causes for their disorders were "discovered."
A version of cognitive behavioral therapy called _____ therapy helps change harmful, even suicidal behavior patterns.
dialectical behavior
Therapies dealing with psychological disorders can be classified into two main categories. In the first, _____, a trained professional talks to clients to help them overcome difficulties, while _____ influences the brain directly through drugs or other treatments.
psychotherapy; biomedical therapy
Andrew Golden and Mitchell Johnson, both young adolescents, engaged in a mass-killing shooting at their school in 1998. What do they have in common with other mass-killing shooters?
they were young males
He insisted that madness was not demon possession, but a sickness of the mind caused by severe stress and inhumane conditions.
Philippe Pinel
Carlos is suffering from bipolar disorder, a disorder where his mood shifts between periods of depression, periods of mania, and normal functioning. To help control the symptoms of his disorder, Carlos takes prescribed drugs regularly. Carlos MOST likely sees a therapist who specializes in what type of therapy?
biomedical therapy
Victor experienced oxygen deprivation at the time of birth. This is a known risk factor for:
schizophrenia
In _____________, a person experiences a clinically significant disturbance in his or her cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior.
a psychological disorder
A therapist helps Rebecca overcome her fear of water by getting her to swim in the family's backyard pool three times a day for two consecutive weeks. The therapist's approach to helping Rebecca BEST illustrates:
exposure therapy
After Roger, who has schizophrenia, was admitted to the psychiatric unit, Dr. Weaver began her evaluation of him. When she asked him why he was there, he responded that "the binary code knows the answer to the riddle that is in the middle on the griddle. I know that the horned head of Zeus rises in the early morning." Roger's strange speech illustrates
disorganized thinking
_____ is characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and diminished or inappropriate emotional reactions.
schizophrenia
Twenty-year-old Brianna lives in a small town. She has always been extremely shy, but lately she has been feeling intensely afraid that others are scrutinizing her. She avoids speaking in class, she no longer goes to parties, and she starts trembling whenever she is in a public place. Brianna seems to be suffering from _____ disorder.
social anxiety
