PSYCH TEST 4

What does research suggest about gender diversity and team productivity?

Gender-balanced teams performed better, as measured by sales and profits, than predominantly male teams.

Of the following substances or substance groups, which is the only one where illicit use patterns are higher in those between 12 and 17 years old than those who are 18 to 25 years of age?

Inhalants

Stavros is arrested for drunk driving. His prison sentence includes attending therapy sessions to treat alcohol addiction. He doesn't want to attend these sessions, but his sentence will be extended if he doesn't attend them. What kind of treatment does this describe?

Involuntary

Which of the following is true regarding the accuracy and reliability of a job analysis?

It can depend on the nature of the descriptions and the source for the job analysis.

Which important legislation protected employees against discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin?

1964 - Civil Rights Act (Title VII)

The saying is "Money can buy happiness," but research finds that in the United States those who earn more than ________ per year are not measurably happier than those who earn below that amount.

75000

Which of the following is an example of the alarm reaction stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

A burst of energy enables Hassan to run fast when he sees a skunk in his path.

________ is stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a person's involuntary (neuromuscular and autonomic) activity helps him gain a level of voluntary control over these processes.

Biofeedback

What was the most stressful event found on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale with a LCU score of 100?

Death of a spouse

Industrial-organizational psychology is a branch of psychology that studies ________.

how human behavior and psychology affect work and how they are affected by work

Which option is the greatest risk factor for the development of burnout?

job strain

In job specification, what does the acronym KSA stand for?

knowledge, skills, and abilities

Which of the following is a set of symptoms or behaviors that you might see in a person diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder?

lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds

Which of the following is the best example of a compulsion?

Jordy locks his door exactly nine times every time he leaves the house to make sure it is locked.

Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model?

Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died.

Keegan is a police officer. She was recently placed on administrative leave because she was shot during an armed robbery. Since the shooting, she can't stop thinking about how it felt to be shot, she is often angry with her husband, she jumps when she hears a loud noise, and she takes a 15 minute detour when driving home to avoid the neighborhood where it happened. Keegan probably suffers from ________.

PTSD

Which of the following is an inaccurate statement about dissociative disorders?

People with these disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture.

Which child is most likely to receive treatment for her or his psychological challenge?

Stavros, who suffers from ADHD

A police or FBI SWAT team handling a hostage situation exemplifies a ________ team.

Tactical

Lydia is often described as having an easy, laid-back outlook on life. She tends to be very relaxed, is not particularly competitive, and rarely feels or demonstrates anger or hostility. Lydia exemplifies a Type ________ behavior pattern.

Type B

According to three separate surveys, administered in 1983, 2006, and 2009, which statement about the relationship between stress and sex is the most accurate?

Women report experiencing more stress than men.

Patients at Manderly Psychiatric Center are rewarded with chips when they engage in positive behaviors such as socializing with other patients. They can later exchange the chips for privileges, like extra TV time. This is an example of ________.

a token economy

Marlena tells her therapist that she often feels helpless and unable to accomplish her goals. Her therapist responds by acknowledging her feelings, restating what she has told him, and clarifying the feelings behind what Marlena is expressing. What aspect of client-centered therapy is this?

active listening

In Hans Selye's rat study, rats that were exposed to stressors over a long period of time showed signs of ________.

adrenal enlargement, thymus and lymph node shrinkage, and stomach ulceration

________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and worry that is accompanied by disturbances in behaviors.

anxiety

Alma has a serious disease in which the airways of her respiratory system become obstructed, leading to great difficulty expelling air from the lungs. Which disease does Alma have?

asthma

Egon can't pay attention in class. He is easily distracted, won't sit still, and displays poor impulse control. The school counselor suggested that his parents take him to a doctor to have him assessed for ________.

attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Hans Selye's definition of stress is considered a response-based definition because it conceptualizes stress chiefly in terms of the ________.

body's physiological reaction to any demand that is placed on it

Phyllis cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Phyllis wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for her personality?

borderline personality disorder

Among older Korean Americans, approximately 14% polled felt that having a mentally ill family member would

bring shame to the family.

Which of the following is an example of eustress?

buying a new home

Heather considers taking a new job. She focuses on the increased opportunities for promotion and the higher salary rather than her increased responsibilities; therefore, she views the new position as a ________ rather than a ________.

challenge, threat

Lamont cares for his aging father, who suffers from dementia. This is an example of a(n) ________ stressor

chronic

In the African American community, what has been found to play a significant role as an alternate source of support to mental health services?

church

What is comorbidity?

co-occurrence of two disorders

Noticing that you have difficulty concentrating during and after periods of prolonged stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

cognitive

In order to overcome an eating disorder, Sevilla's therapist works to change her distorted ways of thinking and self-defeating actions by helping her learn to identify such behaviors. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

cognitive-behavioral theory

Which of the following exemplifies an advertisement that would reflect a task-oriented approach to job analysis?

driver who can operate a forklift in small spaces, drive a cement-mixer, and handle explosive material

The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is responsible for ________.

enforcing federal laws that make it illegal to discriminate in the hiring of employees

In Medieval times, what would be the most likely form of treatment for someone suffering the symptoms of a psychological illness?

exorcism

Which of the following is a frequent trigger for workplace violence?

feeling of being treated unfairly, unjustly, or disrespectfully

Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease because it ________.

forces the heart to pump harder, which puts more physical strain on the heart

A flat tire in the morning, realizing that you forgot to get your homework done, and getting into an argument with a buddy are all examples of ________.

hassles

Nathan has an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance. He is preoccupied with fantasies of success and believes that he is entitled to special treatment from others. Nathan appears to suffer from ________ personality disorder.

narcissistic

People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts.

obsessive-compulsive

Developing stomach ulcers during a prolonged period of stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

physiological

Harlow is eight years old. She sees Dr. Gardener every Friday at 11:00 a.m. Their sessions involve Dr. Gardener watching Harlow interact with stuffed animals and other toys. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

play therapy

Cultural competence is a therapist's understanding of, and attention to, ________.

race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment

What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common?

repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts

Mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety in social situations, such as avoiding eye contact or rehearsing sentences before speaking are called ________.

safety behaviors

Alexis experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder, but only during the fall and winter months when she gets less direct exposure to sunlight What kind of depression does Alexis have?

seasonal pattern

Electroconvulsive therapy is effective in alleviating symptoms for people with ________.

severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy

What is the most common reason for invoking a bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ) as a defense against an employer accused of discrimination?

sex

Diondre harbors the belief that spider eggs have been implanted underneath his fingernails and that the spiders will hatch inside his skin and will eventually begin to eat his organs. What kind of delusion is this?

somatic

What kind of family therapy involves the therapist guiding the therapy session and developing treatment plans for each family member's specific problem?

strategic

On the advice of her therapist, Thora decides to treat her fear of heights by exposing herself to heights using a hierarchy of stimuli related to her phobia. Which form of therapy is she using?

systematic desensitization

What area are human factors psychologists researching when they study what steps people take to successfully wash their hands before performing surgery?

task analysis

What principle underlies cognitive-behavioral therapy?

thoughts affect actions

Melora has a sick child at home. Her employer allows her to ________ for a week, so she can work from home, set her own hours, and complete most of her work while caring for her child.

to telecommute

Hershel is a strict, goal-oriented manager. When his team achieves their daily productivity goals he rewards them with long lunches and bonus pay. When his team falls behind, he extends the work day by an hour and cuts lunch by fifteen minutes. What type of leader is Hershel?

transactional

Lucia is optimistic about goal achievement, and she encourages her team to think critically and solve problems. She is also considerate of their needs. What type of leader is Lucia?

transformational

Dr. Duncan is a therapist who works with men accused of domestic violence. Although it is difficult, she does her best to be non-judgmental during therapy sessions. Which aspect of client-centered therapy is this?

unconditional positive regard

Dr. Diop is the head of an academic department in a school whose teachers have all been told to teach from home for the next month. She gets them all to have weekly check-ins using web-conferencing software so that they can meet while they're all at home. This is an example of a ________ team.

virtual

Which of the following exemplifies a worker-oriented approach to job analysis?

works well under pressure and in group situations

A particular benefit of ________ therapy is the possibility of decreasing a client's sense of shame and isolation about the problem they face, while also letting them offer support to others.

Group

Which principle underlies cognitive therapy?

How you think determines how you feel.

Ted conducts a study regarding how walking on a treadmill instead of sitting at a desk impacts worker productivity. Ted's study is within the industrial-organizational specialty area of ________ psychology.

Human factros

How is behavior therapy different than psychoanalysis?

In behavior therapy, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while psychoanalysis involves digging deeply into one's unconscious.

White blood cells that circulate in the bloodstream and are an important part of the body's immune system are called ________.

Lymphocytes

Which term describes a form of informal training in which an experienced employee guides the work of a new employee?

Mentoring

Apollonia was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. She knows her mother took medicine to combat depression and she worries her daughter will experience depression too. Why?

Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis.

Which of the following is not a risk factor for suicide?

being a fan of violent media (music, television shows, movies, etc.)

According to the textbook, which of these events would have the highest likelihood of causing posttraumatic stress disorder?

being assaulted and robbed of your cash and credit cards

The approach to psychology suggesting that psychological disorders may be best explained by looking at genetic factors, chemical imbalances, and brain abnormalities is the ________ perspective.

biological

Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces?

coping

Anti-anxiety agents work by ________.

depressing central nervous system activity

Which concept describes traits that are fundamental to one's personal identity (e.g., skin color and hair texture) that an employer cannot use to discriminate in hiring job applicants?

immutable characteristic

Jeff is an unforgiving perfectionist who would rather deliver work a week late than turn in a project with even minor mistakes. In fact, he spends so much time working that he never has time for anything else. Jeff is known to be rigid, inflexible, and stubborn, and he never compromises. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Jeff's personality?

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Dr. Smyth conducts research that examines how stress, disease, and disorders can impact individuals in the workplace. She is working in the area of ________ psychology.

occupational health

If Laura has bipolar disorder, then she ________.

often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania