PSYCH376 Chapter 5 Exam

One is handled by the sketch pad and one is handled by the phonological loop

It is easier to perform two tasks at the same time if:

Short-term

A person with a reduced digit span would most likely have a problem with ________ memory.

May differ from one task to another

A property of control processes in the modal model of memory is that they:

Labeling familiar objects

According to your text, when students are asked the top functions for which they use their memories, all but which of the following are commonly identified?

Inability to form new long term memory

Clive Wearing, the ex-choral director, experienced what memory problem?

visual

Consider an experiment in which participants were asked to remember Chinese symbols called radicals (which have no sound) and symbols called characters (which consist of a radical plus another symbol). The fact that the participants were able to remember some of the radicals provides evidence for the operation of _____ coding.

Articulatory Suppression

Have you ever tried to think of the words and hum the melody of one song while the radio is playing a different song? People have often noted that this is very difficult to do. This difficulty can be understood as:

He should think of the numbers as a sequence of basketball statistics.

If basketball legend Shaquille O'Neal wanted to remember his 16-digit credit card number, which of the following memory techniques should you recommend?

Control

Imagine you are driving to a friend's new house. In your mind, you say the address repeatedly until you arrive. Once you arrive, you stop thinking about the address and start to think about buying a housewarming gift for your friend. To remember the address, you used a(n) _______ process in STM.

Seconds or a fraction of a second

Information remains in sensory memory for:

Proactive Interference

Jill's friends tell her they think she has a really good memory. She finds this interesting so she decides to purposefully test her memory. Jill receives a list of to-do tasks each day at work. Usually, she checks off each item as the day progresses, but this week, she is determined to memorize the to-do lists. On Monday, Jill is proud to find that she remembers 95 percent of the tasks without referring to the list. On Tuesday, her memory drops to 80 percent, and by Thursday, she is dismayed to see her performance has declined to 20 percent. Jill does not realize that she is demonstrating a natural mechanism of memory known as:

Replacing the STM component of the modal model with working memory.

Models designed to explain mental functioning are constantly refined and modified to explain new results. Which of the following exemplifies this concept based on the results presented in your text?

Short Term Memory

Observations that people may actually process and manipulate information rather than simply store it for brief periods of time challenged the conceptualization of:

The Central Executive

One function of ____ is to pull information out of long-term memory.

decay; Interference

Peterson and Peterson studied how well participants can remember groups of three letters (like BRT, QSD) after various delays. They found that participants remembered an average of 80 percent of the groups after 3 seconds but only 10 percent after 18 seconds. They hypothesized that this decrease in performance was due to _____, but later research showed that it was actually due to _____.

Prefrontal Cortex

Research on monkeys has shown that the part of the brain most closely associated with working memory is the:

Lamar has just gotten a new job and is attending a company party where he will meet his colleagues for the first time. His boss escorts him around to small groups to introduce him. At the first group, Lamar meets four people and is told only their first names. The same thing happens with a second group and a third group. At the fourth group, Lamar is told their names and that one of the women in the group is the company accountant. A little while later, Lamar realizes that while remembers the names of the people in the fourth group, he can no longer recall the names of anyone he met earlier in the party. Lamar's experience demonstrates:

Retroactive Interference

Proactive interference

Suppose you (a student) are asked by a teacher to learn a poem you will recite in front of your class. Soon after, both you and a classmate, J.P., are asked by another teacher to learn the lyrics to an unfamiliar song. When you and J.P. are later asked to remember the song lyrics, you have a much more difficult time recalling them than J.P. does. This impairment of your performance is most likely attributable to:

7 plus or minus 2

The "magic number" for memory, according to Miller, is:

Sensory, Short-term, and Long-term

The Atkinson-Shiffrin model of memory (modal model) contains what three major components?

15-20 seconds or less

The effective duration of short-term memory, when rehearsal is prevented, is:

manipulated

The emphasis of the concept of working memory is on how information is:

Stretch the capacity of the STM

The primary effect of chunking is to:

The phonological loop of the working memory model has a limited capacity.

The word-length effect reveals that:

Baddley's Memory Model

Which is NOT one of the names of the overarching memory model that guides our discussion of memory?

80: 40: 30: correct

Which of the following sets of results shows evidence of proactive interference with a three-trial recall task? (Note: Read the selections as percent correct for Trial 1: Trial 2: Trial 3.)

Working memory is concerned with the manipulation of information

Working memory differs from short-term memory in that: