Psych4

What is the term for passive resignation that accompanies an inability to avoid repeated traumatic events?

learned helplessness

The director of an assisted-living housing complex was puzzled by the following situation. When she let the residents choose their own dinnertime, as well as what they wanted to eat, she realized there were far fewer health problems and deaths. To what might she attribute this?

perceived control

_____ route persuasion uses unimportant cues to trigger speedy, emotion-based judgments.

peripheral

In a famous study, a notable improvement in activity, health, and happiness was observed among nursing home patients who experienced:

personal control

Who is the BEST example of a type B personality?

relaxed dentist

Roger has a great deal on his plate. He works full-time, he also has a part-time job, and has a new consulting company in response to his son's special needs. He seems to be coping with everything quite well for the moment anyway. In Selye's general adaptation syndrome, Roger is in Phase:

2, in a state of resistance

In one study of over 650,000 adults, walking 150 minutes per week predicted living _____ more years.

7

These lymphocytes attack cancer cells, viruses, and other foreign substances.

T

Compared to their parents, young Americans today have:

an external locus of control

Which statement reflects the fundamental attribution error?

she cheated on exam because she's dishonest

Our attitudes about another person are MOST likely to influence the way we treat that person if our attitudes are:

stable

Shelby, a first-year student at a university, is experiencing stress and feels mildly depressed. She would be BEST advised to:

start a program of regular aerobic exercise

When the DNA pieces called _____ get too short, the cell can no longer divide.

telomeres

Ashanti has strong feelings about the administration's policies regarding refugee families seeking asylum in the United States. These feelings reflect Ashanti's political beliefs and may cause her to attend a protest in her town in the near future. Ashanti's feelings, beliefs, and actions reflect what social psychologists call a(n):

attitude

The authors of the textbook ask if the 2018 slaughter of 11 Jewish worshippers at Pittsburgh's Tree of Life synagogue should be ascribed to the shooter's hateful disposition or to America's gun culture. Whichever explanation one favors, it reflects the process of:

attribution

When people suggest reasons for behavior, they are demonstrating:

attributions

Marcus is going through a particularly difficult time because of work-related stress, his parents' health problems, impending final exams, and term paper deadlines. Marcus has a history of not dealing well with stress. The continuous stress is likely to cause all of these EXCEPT:

cause marcus to develop cancer

An ad agency creates two ads for a particular car. One stresses the car's safety and gas mileage; the other simply shows how much fun it is to drive. The first ad relies on _____ route persuasion and the second on _____ route persuasion.

central peripheral

Professor Stewart wrote a very positive letter of recommendation for a student despite his doubts about her competence. After writing the letter, he began to develop a more favorable attitude toward the student's abilities. Which theory best explains this shift in attitude?

cognitive dissonance theory

When bad things happen to him, Joe lists all the good things in his life that he is thankful for. Joe's practice exemplifies _____ coping.

emotion-focused

Juan believes that no matter how hard he tries and studies, he will never earn an A in his class. His thinking most clearly demonstrates:

external locus of control

A student fails to speak or raise his hand in class all semester. The teacher assumes that the student is exceptionally shy. The teacher is illustrating the:

fae

You are trying to convince your parents to send you to Europe. First, you ask them for a small favor (a bus ticket to a local city), hoping that later they will be more willing to send you on the longer trip. This technique is known as the _____ phenomenon.

foot in the door

During mindfulness meditation, a part of the ________ lobe involved in focused attention is ________ active than usual.

frontal; more

The tendency for observers to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal dispositions on another's behavior is called:

fundamental attribution error

Derek's psychologist has asked him to write about a personal trauma he experienced as a child. How might this writing exercise influence his health?

he will have fewer health problems in the coming months

Jerome has a Type B personality, and Francis has a Type A personality. Francis is more likely to experience _____ than is Jerome.

heart disease

A month ago, Jamal lost his job because of circumstances beyond his control, and he is very concerned about his financial situation. Since then, he has learned that his wife will not be able to return to the United States because she cannot get her green card, that his rent-controlled apartment is being sold, and that he must find another place to live. Given what happens when people feel unable to control their environment, what is MOST likely happening to Jamal?

his immune response is dropping

The fundamental attribution error is more apparent in ___________ than it is in ___________.

individualistic Western countries; East Asian cultures

When compared to someone who views an event as a threat, an individual who views an event as a challenge is likely to feel _____ stressed.

less

In one 16-year study, researchers tracked 3900 Israelis living in nonreligious or in religiously orthodox collective settlements. Because the participants were tracked for a long period of time, the study exemplifies a(n) _____ research design.

longitudinal

In his general adaptation syndrome (GAS), Hans Selye noted that the greatest threat to one's immune system is during:

phase 3

When people speak of "being proactive" or "getting in front of a situation," they usually mean tackling an obstacle head-on so that it does not become a bigger issue. These phrases MOST clearly suggest _____ coping.

problem-focused

Rachel is a very optimistic young woman. She usually expects the best even in uncertain times. Her college roommate, Leah, is pessimistic and is always expecting the worst. For these two women, what do you predict would happen during finals week?

rachel will have less fatigue and fewer coughs

Professor Vaughn has found in his research that increased levels of stress are related to an increase in infectious-disease-related deaths. This demonstrates that:

stress can affect health directly

A local religious organization has taken an interest in reaching out to community members with AIDS. They were prompted to do this when they learned that religiously active AIDS patients _____ than do their nonreligious counterparts.

survive longer

Having a coherent worldview has been found to contribute to the stress protection that is often associated with which of the following?

the faith factor

An advertising agency is developing advertisements to promote a political candidate. One ad is a radio spot airing during drive time, when listeners are stressed, distracted, and impatient. Another advertisement is a print ad to appear in national newspapers and business magazines. With respect to persuasion, how do these different types of ads relate to the central and peripheral routes?

the radio spot will rely on

Steptoe and Wardle (2011) obtained mood reports from a single day for 4000 British adults aged 52 to 79. Compared with those in a good mood on that day, those in a depressed mood were _____ more likely to be dead 5 years later.

twice

People who are easygoing and relaxed, and who don't let things get to them, are classified as:

type b

Irwin lived through Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans. Throughout the duration of the life-changing event, Irwin experienced intense distress. Such a response to catastrophes is:

typical

People tend to use emotion-focused rather than problem-focused coping strategies when they:

believe they cannot change a stressful situation