Psychoactive drug/ Stimulant

Benzodiazephines

A depressant that enhance your brain response to GABA, a inhibitory NTS

Opiates

A depressant use to treat pain and also anxiety.

What is a Psychoactive drug?

A drug that alter you consciousness by affecting your perception and mood.

Sympathomimetic

A drug that stimulates the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system.

Ephedrine (came from Ma Huang)

A sympathomimetic drug used in treating asthma

Amphetamine

A synthetic CNS stimulant and sympathomimetic. It was first use to replace ephedrine in treatment of asthma.

Sympathetic N.S

A system that usually helps you to respond to dangerous situation.

EX: of stimulant

Caffeine Cocaine Amphetamine

This neurotransmitter releases into the brain to elicit feelings of reward and pleasure. It is the neurotransmitter most affected by amphetamines:

Dopamine

What neurotransmitter cocaine affect

Dopamine serotonin adrenaline

Schedule 2 drugs

Drugs that have a high potential for abuse and a potential for severe psychological or physical dependence.

Ex of opiates

Heroin Morphine

Effects of amphetamine

It allows dopamine to float freely in the brain. causes pychosis, heart problem, sudden death Causes chemical imbalance in the brain, of serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine. Addiction happen slowly people use more of the drug to improve their mood Affects medial forebrain bundle and RAS.

what does meth and ampheta cause

It causes a feeling of euphoria for 8 hours. however after the drug ware off people become irritable, insomnia, seizures and depressions.

Stimulants

It intensify neural functions and body activity.

what is amphetamine use for today

It is use for treating symptoms of ADHD

What amphetamine use for?

It was use to treat narcolepsy It was also use by soldiers during ww2 Benzedrine inhalers weight control

Depressants

Lowers your body basic function an neural activity. for ex: heart rate, reaction time, processing speed

This neurotransmitter is responsible for the body's fight or flight response. It causes alertness and an increases heart rate:

Norepinephrine

Why is opiates use to treat pain

They act at your body receptor sites for endorphin (endorphin are bodies natural pain reducers)

Alcohol

is a depressant that slows neural processing. It slows your sympathetic nervous system down.

cocaine mechanism of action

it blocks the reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin causing a prolonged effect of these neurotransmitter.

Mechanism of action for amphetamine

it increases the activity of dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine. it increase the activity of these neurotransmitter by stimulating release rather than by inhibiting reuptake. it blocks presynaptic reuptake of norepinephrine.

What does it mean alcohol is a dis-inhibitor

it removes your inhibitions, people who normally drink are likely to act their impulses which often leads to impaired judgement and reduce awareness and self-control

side effects of regular cocaine users

suspicion, cardiac arrest, respiratory failure

Why is opiates not considered depressant even though they can be use for anxiety

these aren't consider depressant because unlike other depressant that act on GABA receptors, opiate act on endorphin receptor

Amphetamine and methamphetamine

they also triggers the relaease of dopamine, serotonin etc

Why are amphetamines considered stimulant drugs

they are consider as stimulant because they produce extra brain activity, increase alertness and promote a sense of well-being.

important fact about cocaine and also amphetamine

when a person uses cocaine, these three neurotransmitters are quickly released into the brain. Usually, the neurotransmitters are reabsorbed soon after release. However, cocaine hinders this process. Instead, the chemicals accumulate in the brain. The accumulation causes the person to feel rewarded, euphoric, and energized. However, users can also feel fearful and jittery. Note that each person has a limited supply of neurotransmitters. Once used, the body must take time to produce more. This is why users often end up feeling fatigued and depressed. It's also why first time drug users often achieve a more intense effect than is achieved on repeat uses.