Psychology 100 States of Consciousness

A circadian rhythm is a biological clock that dictates fluctuations in heart rate, blood pressure, blood sugar, and body temperature over roughly

24 hours

Why are programs designed to educate people about the dangers of using tobacco products just as important as developing tobacco cessation programs?

Given that currently available programs designed to help people quit using tobacco products are not necessarily effective in the long term, programs designed to prevent people from using these products in the first place may be the best hope for dealing with the enormous public health concerns associated with tobacco use.

________ believed that dreams simply reflect life events that are important to the dreamer.

Rosalind Cartwright

Which is the best explanation of how blindsight can happen?

Visual information from the eye is being processed unconsciously, so people with blindsight don't know that they are visually processing information.

A/an ________ acts on the cerebellum to interfere with coordination and balance, producing the staggering gait of drunkenness.

a moderate dose of alcohol (BAC=0.09% -0.30%) effects emotional centers of the midbrain. Drinker has impaired motor reactions and an impaired gait.

Depressants are ________ of the GABA neurotransmitter, which has a quieting effect on the brain.

agonists

Over-the-counter ________ poses a risk for abuse because of the way it mimics the body's natural pain-reducing ________.

codeine and opioids

: drug that tends to suppress central nervous system activity

depressant

While Julie was hypnotized, she acknowledged the fact that her arm was in ice water and knew that it should hurt, but didn't actually feel pain. Which theory of hypnosis does this support?

dissociation

Cocaine blocks the reuptake of ________.

dopamine

The belief that sleep is essential to restore resources that are expended during the day is consistent with ________ theories about sleep.

evolutionary

one of a class of drugs that results in profound alterations in sensory and perceptual experiences, often with vivid hallucinations

hallucinogen

________ is the major opioid drug of abuse.

heroin

A/an________ affects the CNS and leads to dizziness, nausea, and eventually a loss of consciousness.

high dose of alcohol (BAC = 0.25%- 0.50%)

A/an________ acts to remove social inhibitions by slowing activity in the sympathetic nervous system

low dose of alcohol (BAC = 0.03% to 0.12%) a low dose of alcohol affects higher nervous systems. Drinker loses inhibitions and relaxes as the sympathetic nervous system begins to slow.

If Javier is in a deep sleep, an EEG would show his sleep as

low frequency, high amplitude waves.

2 of 72 of 7 Items Question John ate something at a party and afterwards saw bright colors on the wall and had a strange sensation that he had turned into an ant and that the people around him were huge. John probably consumed

marijuana

stimulants include

nicotine, and cocaine

If Bryan's airway gets blocked while he sleeps, he probably has

obstructive sleep apnea

Which category of drugs mimic endogenous pain-killing systems within the body?

opiates

Our bodies naturally produce ________ to reduce pain and produce euphoria

opioids

changes in normal bodily functions that cause a drug user to experience withdrawal symptoms upon cessation of use

physical dependence:

The ________ gland in the endocrine system is important in releasing ________, which helps regulate biological rhythms.

pineal, melatonin

chemical substances that alters brain functioning, causing changes to consciousness, perception, mood, and thoughts

psychoactive drugs:

_______ refers to drug craving

psychological dependence

emotional, rather than a physical, need for a drug which may be used to relieve psychological distress

psychological dependence:

A major sleep disruption is ________, which refers to a work schedule that changes from early to late on a daily or weekly basis.

rotating shift work

LSD affects ________ neurotransmission.

serotonin

Scarlett has slept terribly the past 3 nights as some neighbors have had visitors in town and been up making noise all night long. When she finally does get to sleep again, it is likely that she will

spend more time in REM sleep

drug that tends to increase overall levels of neural activity; includes caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, and cocaine

stimulant:

________ increase overall levels of neural activity.

stimulants

Keesha finds it helpful to unwind at the end of the day by practicing meditation. This is defined as

the act of focusing on a single target to increase awareness of the moment.

Which brain part is critical for regulating REM sleep?

the pons

After drinking casually for a few years, Eric finds that he needs more and more alcohol in order to get a "buzz." This is an example of

tolerance

________ occurs when a drug user requires more and more of a given drug in order to experience the same effects of the drug.

tolerance

state of requiring increasing quantities of the drug to gain the desired effect

tolerance:

________ neurotransmitters are mostly impacted by hallucinogens.

various

variety of negative symptoms experienced when drug use is discontinued

withdrawal:

________ makes overcoming a substance abuse disorder particularly painful.

withdrawl