Psychology 1101 Chapters 6&7

divided intelligence into two components

Raymond Cattell was a psychologist who ________.

analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast

The analytical intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence is demonstrated by the ability to ________.

focusing on information that confirms your existing beliefs

What is confirmation bias?

18-24

From ________ months old, children are most capable of using simple sentences such as "I see."

thinking

From a psychological perspective, the term cognition means ________.

mental set

Gonzalo is attempting to open his car door using the auto lock button on his keychain. He pushes the button twice, but his car door does not open. He continues to push the button even though it is likely that the auto lock feature has stopped working, and he will need to open the door manually with his key. This illustrates a ________.

lexicon

Which term refers to the vocabulary of a language?

Robert Sternberg

Who developed the triarchic theory of intelligence?

morpheme

A ________ is the smallest unit of language that conveys some type of meaning.

mental set

A(an) ________ involves approaching a problem in a way that has worked in the past, but it is clearly no longer working.

phoneme

A(an) ________ is a basic sound unit of a given language.

schema

A(an) ________ is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts.

prototype

A(an) ________ is the best example, or representation, of a concept.

event

A(an) ________ schema is also known as a cognitive script.

B.F. Skinner

Who experimented with rats to demonstrate that organisms can learn even if they do not receive immediate reinforcement?

concepts

________ are categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories, such as life experiences.

associative

Classical and operant conditioning are forms of ________ learning.

increases

If a stimulus plus a response results in a satisfying outcome, the probability of that response occurring again ________.

higher order

In ________ conditioning, an established conditioned stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus.

partial reinforcement

In ________ reinforcement, the person or animal is not reinforced every time a desired behavior is performed.

neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus

In classical conditioning, the association that is learned is between a ________.

negative reinforcement

In operant conditioning, ________ is when something is removed to increase the likelihood of a behavior.

punishment

In operant conditioning, what describes adding something to decrease the likelihood of behavior?

acquisition

In the initial period of learning, ________ describes when an organism learns to connect a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus.

artificial

________ concepts are ones that we know by a specific set of characteristics that are always exhibited, such as what defines different basic shapes.

latent

Learning that occurs but is not observable in behavior until there is a reason to demonstrate it is called ________ learning.

observational learning

Learning that occurs while watching others and then imitating, or modeling, what they do or say is called ________ learning.

cognition

________ encompasses the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, language, and memory.

John B. Watson

________ is known for using Little Albert in his studies on human emotion.

primary

________ reinforcers have innate reinforcing qualities.

creative

________intelligence is marked by inventing or imagining a solution to a problem or situation.

instincts

What are innate behaviors that are triggered by a broader range of events, such as aging and the change of seasons?

learning

What do psychologists call a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience?

continuous reinforcement

When an organism receives a reinforcer each time it displays a behavior, it is called________ reinforcement.

functional fixedness

Which concept is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for?

classical conditioning

Which of the following is a process by which we learn to associate stimuli and, consequently, to anticipate events?

extinction

Which of the following is the decrease in the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is no longer presented with the conditioned stimulus?

vicarious punishment

Which process involves observing a model being punished and then becoming less likely to imitate the model's behavior?

shaping

Which term best describes rewarding successive approximations of a target behavior?

language

Which term describes a communication system that uses systematic rules to organize words to transmit information from one individual to another?