Psychology 150 final exam review Ch 1

If Dr. Maple is a behavorist, he would MOST likely believe that the cause of a child's disruptive behavior in school is the result of

His prior experiences

Hypotheses are typically expressed as

Predictions

A tentative statement about the relationship between 2 or more variables is an

Hypothesis

Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by

Personal conflicts existing at an unconscious level

Psychology's intellectual parents are the disciplines of

Philosophy and Psychology

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Psychology is abt. understanding all the things we do. Psych teaches us a healthy respect for the complexity of behavior . Psych comes from 2 Greek words soul and logos

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SKINNER: Environmental factor mold behavior Organisms tend to repeat responses that lead to positive outcomes, and they tend to not repeat responses that lead to neutral or negative outcomes. Skinner box: he could exert remarkable control over the behavior of animals by manipulating the outcomes of their respones We are controlled by our enviorment not ourselves Free will is an illusion Humanism led by Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers emphasized the unique qualities of human behavior and humans freedom and potential for personal growth.

The major departure of Freud's position from prevailing viewpoints around the early 1900s was that he

Saw people as not fully aware of the forces that control their behavior

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Sigmund Freud was an Austrian physican whose theories made him oe of the most influntial and controversial intellectual figures of modern times. To treat mental disorders- irrational fears, obsessions, and anxieties with an innovative procedure he called psychoanalysis UNCONSCIOUS- Contains thoughts, memories, and desires that are well below the surface of concious awareness but that nontheless exert great influence on behavior Psychoanalytic theory attempts to explain personality motivation and mental disorders y focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior

The term used by William James to describe a continuous flow of thought was

Stream of consciousness

In a discussion with your professor, she tells you that she believes that the focus of psychological study should break the conscious experience into its basic elements. Which of the following historical schools of thought is your professor's idea MOST consistent with?

Structuralism

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Structuralism emerged through the leadership of Edward Titchener, an Englishman Structuralism was based on the notion that the task of psych is to analyze consciousness into its basic elements and investigate how these elements are related

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The first applied arm of psychology to achieve any prominence was clinical psychology COGNITION refers to the mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge

Dr. Smythe believes that in order to fully understand complex processes, such as taste, it is necessary to understand the purpose that taste plays in human adaptation, not the elementry components that combine to produce taste sensations. Dr. Smythes views are MOST consistent with

The functionalist approach to psychology

While theories are most closely associated with the scientific goal of _____, hypotheses are most closely associated with the goal of _____

Understanding; prediction

The person responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline with its own subject matter is

Wilhelm Wundt

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William James argued that consciousness consists of a flow of thoughts Stream of consciousness Functionalisim was based on the belief that psych should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness rather than its structure

A scientific theory has to be

Testable

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-German professor WILHELM WUNDT established the first formal lab for reseach in psychology -He established the first journal of research of psychology -First founder of psych -Consciousness: the awareness of immediate experience -Growth of the new field was particular rapid in North America even tho it was BORN in Germany

Dr. Marqueta believes that "misery loves company" Based on this belief, Dr. Marqueta predicts that people wo have recieved bad news will seek out other people. Dr. Marqueta's belief is and example of _______, and her prediction is an example of ____

A Theory; a Hypothesis

Theory construction is

A gradual iterative (Repitition) process that is always subject to revision

A theory is

A system of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations.

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John B Watson: Behavorisim is a theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psychology should study only observable behavior Wanted to abandon the study of conciousness Behavior refers to any overt response or activity by an organism Nature vs. Nurture Each is made not born

The psychologist who proposed that the study of consciousness should be replaced by the study of observable behavior was

John B. Watson

The first woman to serve as president of the American Psychological Association was

Mary Calkins!