psychology
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) was originally published by the American Psychological Association in
1952
How long does sensory memory last?
2-3 seconds
what is the short term memory capacity?
5-9 items 7 on average
Research by Maestripieri et al. (2006) suggests that nonhuman primates can be afflicted with
A. anxiety disorders B. depression C. self-injurious behaviors
The neurological processes underlying fear would most likely be studied by a
A. behavioral neuroscientist
the _____chinese________ were among the first cultures to document speculated connections between internal organs and emotions.
Chinese
Who was the founder of the American Psychological Association?
D. G. Stanley Hall
The founder of psychology in the United States was
D. William James
What is the name of the standardized reference used by psychologists to diagnose disorders?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
In the United States, the first practitioner of humane treatment of the mentally ill was
Dorothea Dix
Which of the following was one of the first people to employ a systematic method of classifying and diagnosing psychological disorders?
Emil Kraepelin
What are the stages of Long-term Memory?
Encoding Consolidation Storage Retrieval
The scientists who developed psychophysics were
Ernst Weber, Gustav Fechner, and Hermann von Helmholtz
Health psychologists study which of the following?
How stress affects people`s lives B. The social implications of the health-care system C. The link between stress and illness
A psychologist from which of the following sub-disciplines would be most likely to be found in a business setting, such as the human resources department of a large corporation
I/O psychologist
What are schemas?
Mental frameworks that develop from our experiences with particular people, objects, or events
Which of the following is true of the nature/nurture debate?
Psychology explores both, as nature and nurture are interdependent.
what are the 3 types of memory
Sensory Memory Short term Memory Long term memory
Ancient Greece is significant in the history of psychology for which of the following reasons?
The foundations for psychology as a science can be traced to ancient Greece.
Social psychologists would most likely study which of the following?
The likelihood of someone assisting a person in need of help
Which of the following is true concerning the science and practice of psychology?
The practice of psychology originated first, followed by science.
Cathy, who is majoring in biopsychology, would most likely conduct which of the following studies for her honors thesis?
The relationship between the neurotransmitter serotonin and happiness
Sigmund Freud claimed that which of the following is the problem underlying all adult neuroses?
The repression of sexual and/or aggressive urges
Which of the following best describes Sigmund Freud's theory of abnormal behavior?
The unconscious mind is the most powerful motivator of behavior.
What modern view of psychological disorders developed at the end of the 1800s?
These disorders are a form of illness that should be diagnosed and treated.
A developmental psychologist would most likely study which of the following?
Verbal ability from childhood to adolescence
Which of the following individuals established the first psychology laboratory in Germany and is credited with being the first to approach psychology as an independent, scientific discipline?
Wilhelm Wundt
What is an Associative Network?
a chain of associations between related concepts
Dr. Hansen is conducting a study as to whether or not one's level of extraversion stays the same from infancy to adulthood. She is most likely
a personality psychologist
What are hierarchies used for?
a way of organizing related pieces of info from the most specific feature they have in common to the most general
how does information become stored in the short term memory?
attending storing and reharsing
The subdiscipline in psychology that concentrates on the study of the brain, as it relates to mind and behavior, is:
behavioral neuroscience
The dominant scientific view in psychology throughout the first half of the 20th century was
behaviorism
The school of psychology that proposed that psychology can be a true science only if it examines observable behavior, not ideas, thoughts, feelings, or motives, is known as:
behaviorism
Ed, an early researcher in psychology, was interested in how the environment impacts tendencies to act. He believed that focusing on the mind through introspection was not scientific. Ed was a
behaviorist
Psychology is
both a practice and a science.
what is chunking?
breaking down a list of items into a smaller set of meaningful units
One of the differences between a psychiatrist and a clinical psychologist is that a psychiatrist
can prescribe drugs
The largest subdiscipline of psychology is
clinical psychology
The subdiscipline in psychology that focuses on the treatment of mental, emotional, and behavior disorders is:
clinical psychology
According to the text, the largest subdiscipline in psychology is __________, but the fastest-growing is __________. ✖
clinical; industrial/organizational psychology
Dr. Hughes conducts laboratory studies of the thought processes involved in problem solving. She is most likely which of the following types of psychologist?
cognitive
The subdiscipline in psychology that includes the study of language, learning, memory, and problemsolving is:
cognitive psychology
The subdiscipline in psychology that considers changes or stability in thought and behavior at various stages, or across the life-span, is:
developmental psychology
Trephination is a practice involving
drilling a small hole in someone`s skull, often to release demons thought to possess the person
what is echoic memory?
echo sound short retention of sounds
What happens in the Encoding stage of LT Memory?
effortful and automatic processing use of mnemonic devices Encoding- means by which we attend to, take in, process new information
Effortful Processing
encoding of information that occurs with careful attention and conscious effort
_______ernst weber________ conducted some of the first documented research on perception in the 1800s, focusing on perceptual difference thresholds
ernst weber
The branch of psychology that follows most directly from Darwin's work, in that it emphasizes the function of the human mind rather than a description of it, is
evolutionary psychology
The term __________, described by Darwin, refers to the natural processes that determine how a species evolves based on successful reproduction.
evolutionary psychology
Empiricism means that knowledge comes from
experience
Wundt's study of psychology differed from the study of philosophy in that it used:
experimentation and empirical investigation instead of argument
two types of long term memory
explicit and implicit
Common sense, rather than the scientific method, is used by:
folk psychologists
A writer from a popular fashion magazine has penned an article entitled "Dating in the 21st Century." She has interviewed a few men and women and incorporated their dating experiences into this piece. This type of psychology is known as
folk psychology
The term __________ refers to the often unreliable practice of trying to understand human thought or behavior through one's intuition.
folk psychology
The early school of psychology that argued it was better to look at why the mind works the way it does, rather than to describe its parts, is known as
functionalism
im, an early researcher in psychology, was interested in how the mind works. He focused on his own experience of pain in an effort to understand why people feel pain. Jim was a
functionalist
The first psychology laboratories to conduct systematic observations of human behavior were in
germany
Automatic Processing
happens with little effort of conscious attention to the tasks
what is iconic memory?
in the eye brief visual record left on the retina of the eye
Which of the following psychologists specializes in applying psychological concepts to the understanding of work-related issues?
industrial/organizational
The subdiscipline in psychology that applies psychological concepts and questions to work settings and problems is:
industrial/organizational psychology
Introspection
is the main method of investigation used by structuralists.
The Feist and Rosenberg text states that psychology is unique among the sciences in that
it is the science of understanding individuals
Psychology is a practice in that
its principles are used to diagnose and treat thought and behavioral problems
What is Priming?
kind of implicit memory occurs when recall is improved by prior exposure to same/similar stimuli
what is procedural memory?
kind of memory made up of implicit knowledge for almost any behavior of physical skill we have learned ex. tie shoe, ride bike, drive car
what is implicit memory?
memory made up of knowledge based on previous experience such as skills that we perform automatically once we have mastered them (riding bike) resides outside conscious awareness
During which historical period was the practice of studying or treating mental disorders stemming from physical or biological causes lacking?
middle ages
In psychology, the idea that the mind and the body are separate entities is referred to as:
mind-body dualism.
Philip Pinel of France is said to have been the first major proponent of
moral treatment of the mentally ill
The Feist and Rosenberg text states that the two "parents" of psychology are
philosophy and physiology
two types of implicit memory?
procedural priming
Define Consolidation
process of establishing, stabilizing, or solidifying a memory
In the beginning of the 20th century, Sigmund Freud developed a form of therapy known as
psychoanalysis
The clinically-based approach to understanding and treating psychological disorders that is based on the assumption of the power of the unconscious mind to motivate thought and behavior is known as:
psychoanalysis
Humanistic
psychology is the theory of psychology that focuses on personal growth and meaning as a way of reaching one's highest potential
The earliest researchers in psychology examined the subjective experience of physical sensations which is an area of study that is known as:
psychophysics
The first documented, empirical research in psychology explored a subfield of psychology known as
psychophysics
The most direct or immediate predecessor to psychology as a distinct field was
psychophysics
The earliest researchers in psychology examined the subjective experience of physical sensations. This area of study is known as:
psychophysics.
According to Freud, the master defense mechanism is
repression
What is Storage?
retention of memory over time
Emil Kraepelin was the first to describe "dementia praecox," the mental disorder now known as
schizophrenia
Psychology is most accurately defined as the
scientific study of thought and behavior
Stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination are topics most likely to be studied by
social psychologists
The subdiscipline in psychology that considers how the presence of others, either real or imagined, influences thoughts, feelings, and behavior is
social psychology
define syntesthesia
someone who experiences sensations in one sense when a different sense is stimulated
The 19th century school of psychology that argued that breaking down experience into its elemental parts offers the best way to understand thought and behavior is known as:
structuralism
Which of the following is in the correct historical order, from the earliest to the most recent?
structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, cognitive science
Max, an early researcher in psychology, was interested in how the mind works. He attempted to break experiences down into component parts. Max was a
structuralist
Psychologists in the United States use a standardized reference for diagnosing mental disorders called
the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IVTR)
define memory
the ability to store and use information
Forensic psychologists focus on issues pertinent to
the judicial system
what is the serial position effect?
the tendency to recall items bettwer in a list
What is the problem with using common sense, rather than the scientific method, to understand human thought and behavior?
unreliable too much
What lobes do vision, hearing, and touch occur in?
vision-occipital lobes hearing-temporal lobes touch-parietal lobes
another name for short term memory
working memory
