Psychology Ch. 11 (1)

___ are evaluations of people behaviors, beliefs, and concepts.

attitudes

What is a key emotion involved in altruism and happens when we feel a oneness with the emotional state of another? -Emotional influence -Aggression -Egoism -Empathy

empathy

___ is a feeling of oneness with the emotional state of another person. -Egoism -Altruism -Empathy

empathy

___ refers to directly physically or verbally harming another person. -Overt aggression -Relational aggression -Individual aggression -Risky shift

overt aggression

When someone is asked to identify themselves and they answer with the religious or ethnic group affiliations, this is stating their ___ identity.

social

Which of the following best describes social exchange theory? -Positive feelings in a relationship -Equity in a relationship -Commitment in a relationship -Investment in a relationship

Equity in a relationship

Several factors that contribute to attraction are noted in the text, including which of the following? (Select all that apply.) -Proximity -Acquaintance -Similarity -Intimacy

Proximity Acquaintance Similarity

The influence other people have on us because we want to be correct is referred to as ___. -normative social influence -informational social influence -deindividuation -obedience

informational social influence

___ comparison is the process in which individuals evaluate their thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and abilities in relation to other people.

social

___ exchange theory is based on the equity in a relationship.

social

___ identity is a way individuals define themselves in terms of their group membership.

social

___ psychology is the scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others.

social

___ ___ is the area of social psychology that explores how people select, interpret, remember, and use social information.

social cognition

___ involves trying to change someone's attitudes and/or behavior.

persuasion

In the field of social psychology, the term ___ describes an opinion or perspective that someone has towards a person, a behavior, a belief or a concept.

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What is the definition of conformity? -The major traits considered in forming impressions of others -The process of the actions of an individual or group affecting the behavior of others -A change in behavior brought about by following the standards of others -A set of cognitions about people and social experiences

A change in behavior brought about by following the standards of others

___ refers to social behavior whose objective is to harm someone physically or verbally.

aggression

Prejudice is which of the following? -A generalization about a particular group that does not consider variation between individuals -An attitude directed toward an individual based on their membership in a particular group -An unjustified negative attitude or a positive attitude toward an individual based on his or her group membership -An organized body of information stored in memory that biases the way new information is interpreted, stored, and recalled

An unjustified negative attitude or a positive attitude toward an individual based on his or her group membership

Altruism is which of the following? -Adhering to social norms of expected behavior -Giving aid to another person, even if it incurs a cost to oneself -Giving to another person to ensure reciprocity -Giving in to the request of another person

Giving aid to another person, even if it incurs a cost to oneself

In 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that school segregation, in which Whites and Blacks attended separate schools, was unconstitutional. This illustrates which strategy to diminish the effects of prejudice and discrimination? -Increasing contact between majority and minority groups -Punishing prejudiced behavior or speech -Providing information about the targets of stereotyping -Making values and norms against prejudice more conspicuous

Increasing contact between majority and minority groups

Person perception is which of the following? -The processes by which we use social stimuli to form impressions of others -The study of human societies, organizations, and institutions. -The study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people. -The way in which individuals think in social situations

The processes by which we use social stimuli to form impressions of others

What is the definition of social psychology? -The study of how people influence other people -Perceptual cues and the study of people and communities -The study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people -The study of how people perceive other people

The study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people

Attribution theory is which of the following? -The tendency for observers to overestimate the importance of internal traits and underestimate the importance of external situations -The view that people are motivated to discover the underlying causes of behavior, theirs as well as others -The view that an individual can have fast-acting, self-fulfilling fears of being judged on a negative stereotype -The processes by which we use social stimuli to form impressions of others

The view that people are motivated to discover the underlying causes of behavior, theirs as well as others

Social cognition is which of the following? -The study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people. -The study of human societies, organizations, and institutions -The way in which individuals think in social situations -The processes by which we use social stimuli to form impressions of others

The way in which individuals think in social situations

___ is giving aid to another person with the ultimate goal of benefiting that person, even if it incurs a cost to oneself.

altruism

___ theory seeks to explain how we decide, on the basis of samples of an individual's behavior, what the specific causes of that person's behavior are.

attribution

Social _____ is the process in which individuals evaluate their thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and abilities in relation to other people. -cognition -perception -psychology -comparison

comparison

___ is a change in behavior or attitudes brought about by a desire to follow the beliefs or standards of other people.

conformity

Research consistently has shown that increasing the amount of interaction between people can ___ (increase or decrease) negative stereotyping.

decrease

___ is a type of thinking in which group members share such a strong motivation to achieve consensus that they lose the ability to critically evaluate alternate points of view.

group-think

___ is a type of thinking in which group members share such a strong motivation to achieve consensus that they lose the ability to critically evaluate alternate points of view. -Risky shift -Groupthink -Deindividuation -Social loafing

groupthink

Aggression, like other social behaviors, has _____ determinant(s). -multiple -a single -negative -no

multiple

Miko has just transferred to a new high school and starts to dress and act like the popular students there because she wants them to like her. This is an example of ___ social influence.

normative

___ social influence is the influence that other people have on us because we want them to like and approve of us.

normative

The influence other people have on us because we want them to like us is ____. -informational social influence -normative social influence -deindividuation -obedience

normative social influence

The influence other people have on us because we want them to like us is ____. -normative social influence -obedience -deindividuation -informational social influence

normative social influence

What type of love is a state of intense absorption in someone that includes intense physiological arousal? -Affectionate -Companionate -Commitment-based -Passionate

passionate

Hitting, punching, and kicking are examples of ___ aggression.

overt

The ___ learning approach to aggression emphasizes that social and environmental conditions can teach individuals to be aggressive.

observational

Which approach to aggression emphasizes the environmental conditions that teach individuals to be aggressive? -Observational learning -Frustration-anger theory -Psychodynamic approach -Instinct approach

observational learning

The murder of Kitty Genovese inspired researchers to examine whether _____. -people are willing to put themselves in danger to help a stranger -people are less likely to help if other people are present -women are more vulnerable to violent attacks -there is a personality profile that indicates a greater likelihood of becoming a violent criminal

people are less likely to help if other people are present

___ ___ refers to the processes by which we use social stimuli to form impressions of others.

person perception

___ involves trying to change someone's attitudes and/or behavior. -Stereotype threat -Persuasion -Dissonance -Altruism

persuasion

___ is an unjustified negative attitude toward an individual based on his or her group membership.

prejustice

When considering the factors of attraction identified in the text, there is physical closeness, otherwise known as ___. There is also acquaintance, and ___.

proximity, similarity

___ aggression involves harming the social standing of another person through activities such as gossiping and spreading rumors.

relational

___ refers to activities such as gossiping and spreading rumors. -Risky shift -Individual aggression -Overt aggression -Relational aggression

relational aggression

___ love is also called passionate love and has strong components of sexuality and infatuation.

romantic

True or false: Kitty Genovese's murder inspired research on peoples' likelihood of helping a person in distress.

true

True or false: Many experts insist that TV violence can prompt aggressive or antisocial behavior in children.

true

Aggression is social behavior ___. -whose objective is to harm someone verbally -that is limited only to humans and seeks to harm someone -whose objective is to harm someone physically -whose objective is to harm someone physically or verbally.

whose objective is to harm someone physically or verbally.