Psychology - Ch. 4 quiz

Some people are better than others at detecting slight variations in the tastes of various blends of coffee. This best illustrates the importance of

difference thresholds

The curious mix of "perfect vision" and face blindness illustrates the distinction between _____. See page 115.

sensation and perception

After listening to your high-volume car stereo for 15 minutes, you fail to realize how loudly the music is blasting. This best illustrates

sensory adaptation

The eye contains about 130 million photoreceptors and the ear's cochlea contains about ______ hair cells. See page 135.

16,000

In one experiment, people who had spent ___ minutes sitting quietly blindfolded became more accurate in their location of sounds. See page 140.

90

Latisha noticed that in the early evening she begins to have difficulty seeing the vibrant colors in her artwork. Which of the following best explains her difficulty?

Her cones cannot detect color well in dim light

Which of the following is true about the blind spot in the eye?

It occurs where the optic nerve leaves the eye

As you grow older, the number of your taste buds decreases as does taste sensitivity. ____ and ____ accelerate these declines. See page 147.

Smoking and alcohol use

What function does the retina serve?

The retina contains the visual receptor cells

Julia is practicing her trumpet and produces a loud sound. Which of the following is the best explanation for the loudness of the sound?

The sound has a high-amplitude sound wave

Which of the following refers to the transformation of stimulus energy into neural impulses?

Transduction

Which of the following best explains why we have difficulty locating sounds that are directly overhead?

When the sound is directly overhead, it reaches both ears simultaneously.

What happens when you talk on the phone while driving? See page 117.

Your attention will shift back and forth from the road to the phone

During a hearing test, many sounds were presented at such a low level of intensity that Mr. Antall could hardly detect them. These sounds were below Mr. Antall's

absolute threshold

The area of the retina where the optic nerve leaves the eye is called the

blind spot

When Jason briefly turned to summon the waiter, his wife quickly switched her glass of red wine with his glass of white wine. Jason's failure to notice that his chosen wine had been replaced best illustrates

change blindness

The perceived pitch of a tone is largely determined by its

frequency

When most people stare at a red square and then shift their eyes to a white surface, the afterimage of the square is

green

While playing tennis you need to know where your limbs are located so you can move them into the right positions to run or swing your racket. Which of the following senses provides this information?

kinesthesis

Vision interacts with ________. Stand with your right heel in front of your left toes. Easy. Now close your eyes and you will probably ______. See page 142.

kinesthesis; wobble

Objects are brought into focus on the retina by changes in the curvature and thickness of the

lens

Researcher Anthony Greenwald's studied subliminal messaging and concluded: "Subliminal procedures offer ___________ value to the marketing practitioner." See page 122.

little to no

Color blindness and after-images are best explained by what theory of color vision?

opponent-processing theory

Accommodation refers to the

process by which the lens changes shape to focus images on the retina

Ohio State University pedestrians were more likely to cross streets unsafely if they were talking on a cell phone. This best illustrates the impact of

selective attention

Using cell phones while driving increases the number of accidents because use of the phones requires

selective attention

Gustatory receptors are sensitive to all of the following taste qualities EXCEPT

spicy

Kinesthesis refers to the

system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts

Standing atop a mountain on an utterly dark, clear night, most of us would see a candle flame atop another mountain 30 miles away. This best illustrates

the absolute threshold

Our sense of smell may be a powerful trigger for memories because

the nerve connecting the olfactory bulb sends impulses directly to the limbic system

What happened when Brown University students who had been frustrated in a scented room were later exposed to the same scent while working on a verbal task? See page 150.

they gave up on the task sooner

The cochlea is responsible for

transforming vibrations into neural signals

Which basic taste attracts us to protein-rich foods?

umami

If we could stop our eyes from quivering as we stared at a stationary object, the object would probably

vanish from sight

What behavior would be difficult without our vestibular sense?

walking a straight line with our eyes closed