Psychology Ch.12
schizoid personality disorder symptoms
"loners". do not develop warm, tender feelings for others. do not maintain long term relationships but do well on the job if no social interaction is required. no hallucinations or delusions
schizotypal personality disorder
a personality disorder characterized by oddities of thought and behavior but not involving bizarre psychotic behaviors
paranoid personality disorder
a personality disorder characterized by persistent suspiciousness but not involving the disorganization of paranoid schizophrenia
schizoid personality disorder
a personality disorder characterized by social withdrawal
major depressive disorder
a serious to severe depressive disorder in which the person may show loss of appetite, psychomotor retardation, and impaired reality testing
obsessive compulsive disorder
an anxiety disorder defined by recurrent, anxiety-provoking thoughts or images that seem irrational and beyond control (obsessions) and seemingly irresistible urges to engage in thoughts or behaviors that tend to reduce the anxiety (compulsions)
social phobia
an irrational, excessive fear of public scrutiny. symptoms include excessive fear of public speaking
How do behaviorists explain phobias?
conditioned fears acquired during early childhood
dissociative identity disorder (DID) aka mulitple personality disorder
disorder in which a person appears to have two or more distinct identities or personalities that may alternately emerge
post traumatic stress disorder
disorder that follows a distressing event outside the range of normal human experience and that is characterized by features such as intense fear, avoidance
anxiety disorder
disorders characterized by excessive worrying, fear of losing control, nervousness, and inability to relax
dissociative identity disorder symptoms
each identity may or may not be aware of the other identities, each has different allergic responses and eyeglass prescriptions as well as medical characteristics
personality disorders
enduring patterns of maladaptive behavior that are sources of distress to the individual or others
acrophobia (specific phobia)
fear of heights
agoraphobia
fear of open, crowded places
claustrophobia (specific phobia)
fear of tight, small spaces
schizotypal personality disorder symptoms
feelings of being unreal or the odd use of words. no complete delusions, hallucinations, and unusual motor activities.
generalized anxiety disorder
feelings of dread and foreboding and sympathetic arousal of at least six months duration
post traumatic stress disorder symptoms
find it more difficult to enjoy life, often have sleep problems, irritable out-bursts, difficulty concentrating, extreme vigilance, and an intensified "startle" response
Symptoms of suicide
hopelessness, perfectionalism, depression. Martin Seligman's dogs, organisms in adverse situations learn to show inactivity when their behavior is not reinforced. Making irrational demands on themselves. Attributions also
positive symptoms
indicate the presence of inappropriate behavior, such as hallucinations, delusions, agitation, and inappropriate giggling
Internal attribution
involves self blame "I really loused it up."
obsessive compulsive disorder symptoms
irresistible urges to engage in specific acts like elaborate washing after using the bathroom or repeatedly checking that one has locked the doors. interferes with daily life
paranoid personality disorder symptoms
mistrustful of others and relationships suffer because of it but can still hold a job
generalized anxiety symptoms
motor tension (shakiness, inability to relax, furrowed brow, fidgeting); autonomic overarousal (sweating, dry mouth, racing heart, lightheadedness, frequent urinating, diarrhea); and excessive vigilance aka irritability, insomnia, and a tendency to be easily distracted.
Demonological Model
people assumed the unusual behaviors associated with psychological disorders were caused by possession by the Devil. Physician Hippocrates was an exception saying it was caused by brain abnormalities
specific phobia
persistent fear of a specific object or situation
External attribution
places blame elsewhere
major depressive disorder symptoms
poor appetite, serious weight loss, and agitation or psychomotor retardation
schizophrenia symptoms
positive symptoms, negative symptoms
panic disorder
recurrent experiencing of attacks of extreme anxiety in the absence of external stimuli that usually elicit anxiety
negative symptoms
reflect the absence of appropriate behavior, such as blank faces, monotonic voices, and motionless bodies
Phobic disorders
several types are specific phobias, social phobias, and agoraphobia
schizophrenia
severe psychological disorder that touches every aspect of a person's life. disturbances in thought and language, perception and attention, motor activity, and mood, as well as withdrawal and absorption in daydreams or fantasy.
psychomotor retardation
slowness in motor activity and (apparently) in thought
Sociocultural perspective view of mental illness
some believe we live in fragmented and alienating times that tend to create problems in forming a stable identity and stable relationships. "Living on the edge" for an unstable society
panic attack symptoms
think they are having a heart attack. choking sensations, nausea, numbness or tingling, flushes or chills, and fear of going crazy or losing control