Psychology Chapter 1

One criticism of many research methods, such as experiments, is their artificiality in trying to capture behavior as it might occur in the real world. One method that can be used to overcome this by recording behavior as it occurs in real time is called: An experiment. Correlation. A survey. Naturalistic observation. A case study.

Naturalistic observation

A psychologist determines that children who are exposed to violent television are more likely to be physically aggressive in the future than children who are not exposed to violent television. This psychologist has met the goal of: Description Explanation Prediction Control Introspection

Prediction

The idea that human behavior is influenced by unconscious forces that are outside of a person's awareness (particularly sexual and aggressive forces) is advocated by which perspective of psychology: Behaviorism Structuralism Humanism Cognitive psychology Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis

Which of the following correlation coefficients expresses the strongest relationship between levels of stress and likelihood of cancer? -.79 .60 .32 .10 -.90

-.90

A researcher examines the effects of marijuana on cognitive functioning. He assigns adults who receive less than 5 hours of sleep per night to the experimental condition, and adults who receive 8 hours of sleep or more per night to the control condition, and concludes that marijuana does lower cognitive functioning. Sleep is: An independent variable. A dependent variable. A confounding variable. The experimental group. The control group.

A confounding variable.

Which provides a baseline measure of behavior for comparing whether or not the independent variable had an effect on the dependent variable? An experimental group A control group A random sample A randomly assigned group A double-blind researcher

A control group

Homosexuality is a mental disorder. True False

False

Hypnosis can help people accurately recall a crime scene. True False

False

Perhaps the greatest contribution of the American psychologist William James was Establishing psychology as a laboratory science. "Fine-tuning" the method of introspection. Developing the first modern intelligence test. Arousing interest in the subject matter of psychology.

Arousing interest in the subject matter of psychology.

Psychology is defined most accurately as the scientific study of The human mind. Behavior. Conscious and unconscious mental states. Behavior and mental processes.

Behavior and mental processes

Which of the following goals of psychology is most concerned with using psychological knowledge to help bring about desirable behavioral outcomes? Description Explanation Prediction Control Correction

Control

A researcher is interested in studying the effects of music on academic performance in college students in the United States. To make sure that the researcher gets a representative sample of the population she wants to study, she must: Randomly assign students to experimental and control groups. Control for observer bias. Engage in random assignment. Control for the observer effect. Use blind observers to collect data

Engage in random assignment.

People usually fall in love with someone very different from themselves. In other words, opposites attract. True False

False

What is the only research method that can be used to draw a cause and effect relationship between two variables? Correlation Case study Experiment Naturalistic observation Survey

Experiment

You read in the newspaper that the oldest living person in the world was born in 1879. This strikes you as a coincidence because that is the year in which historians tell us that Experimental psychology was born. Wilhelm Wundt was born. Psychologists defined the soul. The behaviorist movement began.

Experimental psychology was born

Blind people have more sensitive senses of hearing and touch. True False

False

The first field of psychology, which studied how people adapt to the world and its surroundings, was called: Behaviorism Structuralism Psychoanalysis Functionalism Gestalt psychology

Functionalism

The field of psychology that believes that human experience CANNOT be studied appropriately by breaking down the experience into its smaller component parts is called: Gestalt Structuralism Psychoanalysis Behaviorism Introspection

Gestalt

A researcher who believes that all humans are innately good and have free will is concerned with assessing the factors that lead a person to develop to their fullest potential. This researcher is most likely what type of psychologist? Behaviorist Humanist Psychoanalyst Biopsychologist Cognitive psychologist

Humanist

When psychologists carry out research, they should do all of the following to ensure the integrity of their results EXCEPT: Search for information in favor of their hypothesis Search for information that disproves their hypothesis Replicate the results of previous studies Analyze data using statistical or mathematical methods Draw conclusions about their findings

Search for information in favor of their hypothesis

An activist stops people at a shopping mall and asks them questions about their attitudes toward gun control. Which research technique is being used? Survey Experiment Case study Naturalistic observation

Survey

All of the following are ethical guidelines set forth by the American Psychological Association EXCEPT: Informed consent about participation Participant can withdraw from research at any time Researcher must debrief participant about purpose of study Data must remain confidential The importance of research findings outweighs any potential harm to a handful of subjects

The importance of research findings outweighs any potential harm to a handful of subjects

A single blind study is one in which: The subject does not know to which group he or she has been assigned. The experimenter does not know to which group the subject has been assigned. Both the researcher and experimenter do not know to which group the subject has been assigned. The researcher does not know the experimental hypothesis. Only one group of subjects does not know to which group they have been assigned.

The subject does not know to which group he or she has been assigned.

It is an optical illusion when the moon appears larger on the horizon than when it is overhead. True False

True

People with one eye still can see in three dimensions. True False

True

Psychology is a science. True False

True