Psychology Chapter 1
When was modern psychology born?
1800's with the scientific approach
clinical psychology
A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders
most commonly practiced field of Psych?
Clinical
Which school of psychology is concerned primarily with human consciousness, experience and self-awareness?
Humanistic Perspective
T/F: What do school psychologists do?
Identify and help students that have problems that interfere with learning
What kinds of psychologists work product design?
Industrial Psychologist
What is the method of learning that stresses examining one's own thoughts and feelings?
Introspection
What is the goal of a psychological theory?
It attempts to explain why thing are the way they are and why they happen the way they do.
What happened to Greek thinking about the human mind during the Middle Ages?
It was lost
Why do pyschs feel that it is necessary to perform psychological research on humans rather than only on animals.
Only experiments with humans can provide info on unique human characteristics.
How do social psychologists differ from personality psychologists?
Personality- deals with human characteristics Social- deal with behavior in social situations
What are the differences between a theory and a principle?
Principles are basic laws, while theories are specific attempts to explain things
Which research methods are most widely used by psychologists?
Surveys and experimentation
What are the steps involved in psychological research?
Test, observe, organize , therorize
What is the best definition of psychology?
The scientific study of human behavior and mental processes
What do a community psychologist, a forensic psychologist, and a rehabilitation psychologist have in common?
They all work in applied psychology
How (in what ways) is psychology closely related to the natural sciences?
They study the functions of the brain and use scientific research
What do counseling psychologists encourage their clients to do?
To overcome their adjustment problems and meet challenges.
How did Wilhem Wundt break down consciousness?
Two categories: objective sensations and subjective feelings
In the early days of psychoanalysis, what did its practitioners believe to be the cause of behavior?
Unconcious processes especially sexual and agressive urges
developmental psychology
a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span
How did the school of behaviorism define psychology?
a scientific study of observable behavior
What would be considered to be "behavior?"
any action that people can observe or measure
How do humanistic psychologists differ from behavioral psychologists?
behaviorists believe people are conditioned to behave as they do, humanistic psychs. believe behavior is a free choice
According to Gestalt psychologists, how is much learning accomplished?
by insight
What is the primary concern of developmental psychologists?
changes that occur throughout a person's life span
What is the focus of the modern biological perspective?
emphasizes the influence of biology on our behavior
William James rejected structuralism. What did he focus on instead?
functionalism- how mental processes help organisms adapt to their environment
How did freud differ from from early psychologists
he focused on psychoanalysis- unconscious motives (others focused on conscious)
preparing by closing your eyes and imagining yourself performing well at something is what?
positive visualization
How did Freud differ from the other early psychologists?
psychoanalysis or unconsious motives and internal conflicts that effect peoples behavior
What is the name of freuds theory that assumed that most of what exists in an individuals mind is unconscious?
psychodynamic thinking
What is the focus of the modern biological perspective of psychology?
the effects of biological factors on our behaviors
What is the focus of the contemporary psychoanalytic perspective?
they focus more on the concious choices rather than the unconcious urges
What is the goal of psychological theory?
to explain why things happen the way they do and why things are the way they are
Which type of psychologist might testify about the psychological competence of defendants in a trial?
Forensic Psychologists
