Psychology CHAPTER 12

After she was promoted to a high-level executive position in the large company for which she worked, Jorana developed more pro-business political attitudes. This best illustrates the impact of ___ ____ on attitudes.

role playing

The fundamental attribution error refers to our tendency to underestimate the impact of _____ ____ and to overestimate the impact of ____ ____ in explaining the behavior of others.

situational influences personal dispositions

Social psychologists have observed people's willingness to pick up dropped coins or pencils in elevators in order to study the ____effect.

bystander

When 68-year-old Mrs. Blake had a flat tire on a fairly isolated highway, she received help from a passerby in less than 10 minutes. One year later, when she had a flat tire on a busy freeway, an hour elapsed before someone finally stopped to offer assistance. Mrs. Blake's experience best illustrates the ____ effect.

bystander

Shortly after learning that he did not make it onto his high school football team, Alex vandalized the team's locker room and broke several of the school's windows. His behavior is best explained in terms of the _______- aggression principle.

frustration

When buying groceries, many shoppers prefer certain products simply because they have a familiar brand name. This preference BEST illustrates the importance of the ___ effect.

mere-exposure

The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through group discussion is called group _______.

polarization

Most people are likely to be surprised by the results of Milgram's initial obedience experiment because the ______________ were more obedient than most people would have predicted.

"teachers"

The __ __ __ __ phenomenon refers to the tendency to comply with a large request if one has previously complied with a small request.

Foot-in -the- door

Creating groups based on the outcome of a coin toss leads people to favor their own new group when dividing any rewards. This best illustrates ingroup _________.

bias

Julius begins to yawn while he and his girlfriend are studying together. Soon his girlfriend begins to yawn. This best illustrates the ___ effect.

chameleon

The discomfort we feel when our thoughts and behaviors are inconsistent is called _____ _______.

cognitive dissonance

The tendency in individualist cultures to attribute the behavior of others to internal, personal characteristics while ignoring or underestimating the effects of external, situational factors is called the _____ ____ error.

fundamental attribution

Kentaro hates to wear ties but wears one to his sister's wedding to avoid his family's disapproval. Kentaro's behavior exemplifies the importance of ___ social influence.

normative

Participants in the Milgram _____ studies were ordered to deliver electric shocks to a learner for giving incorrect answers.

obedience .

The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races is called the ______ - race effect.

other

______ is best defined as an unjustifiable, usually negative, attitude toward a group and its members.

prejudice

The _______ theory most clearly suggests that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame when things go wrong.

scapegoat

Group polarization is most likely to occur in a group in which individuals share a ___ opinion.

similar

At her health club, Bonnie, who is a skilled runner, runs much faster on the treadmill when other patrons are using nearby equipment. This best illustrates _____ facilitation.

social

The ________ psychology branch of psychology is most directly concerned with the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another.

social

The social psychologist who is best known for his pioneering studies of conformity is ___ ___.

solomon asch

During deliberations on a rape case, some of the jurors commented that the victim had a history of going out to various bars and had been dressed too provocatively. Looking like that, they believed, she asked to be assaulted. The jurors' comments are best explained in terms of the just- ______ phenomenon.

world