Psychology Chapter 15

Phyllis cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Phyllis wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for her personality?

borderline personality disorder

People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts.

obsessive-compulsive

Which brain region is believed to play a critical role in the development of symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder?

orbitofrontal cortex

Alexis experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder, but only during the fall and winter months when she gets less direct exposure to sunlight What kind of depression does Alexis have?

seasonal pattern

Autism spectrum disorder is marked by all but which of the following categories of symptoms?

severe depressive symptoms

Researchers have found that approximately _____ percent of those with dissociative identity disorder were physically and/or sexually abused in childhood, leading to the conclusion that trauma can be a cause of this disorder.

95

Piper is terribly afraid of a number of different situations. She doesn't like riding on public busses or subways, finds open spaces very intimidating, does not like feeling "lost in a crowd," and prefers the safe and secure feeling of her own home. If these symptoms cause disruptions in her life, Piper might be diagnosed with ________.

Agoraphobia

________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and worry that is accompanied by disturbances in behaviors.

Anxiety

Which of the following is a common characteristic of all dissociative disorders?

Becoming split off, or separated, from one's score sense of self

Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Fidel suddenly wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Fidel may be experiencing dissociative ________.

Fugue

Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of autism spectrum disorder?

Gemma exhibits deficits in social interaction by not initiating conversations with other children, and she turns her head away when spoken to.

Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can't afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing a(n) ________ episode.

Manic

Apollonia was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. She knows her mother took medicine to combat depression and she worries her daughter will experience depression too. Why?

Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis.

Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model?

Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died.

Which of the following is an example of hopelessness theory?

Rochelle has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about itâ "this leads her to become depressed.

Peripartum onset depression is a kind of depression ________.

That applies to women who experience major depressive symptoms during or in the four weeks after a pregnancy.

Egon can't pay attention in class. He is easily distracted, won't sit still, and displays poor impulse control. The school counselor suggested that his parents take him to a doctor to have him assessed for ________.

attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Nicole is socially inhibited and oversensitive to negative evaluation. She was thinking about a career in nursing, but she changed her mind because she believes the doctors would criticize her and patients would reject her. She has never been on a date because she feels socially inept and unappealing; she avoids meeting new people because anything less than immediate, unconditional acceptance causes her anxiety. Just yesterday she was invited to go on a kayak trip, but she didn't go because she was worried she would embarrass herself. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nicole's personality?

avoidant personality disorder

Which of the following is not a risk factor for suicide?

being a fan of violent media (music, television shows, movies, etc.)

What is comorbidity?

co-occurrence of two disorders

A psychological disorder is a ________.

condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Which of the following is a set of symptoms or behaviors that you might see in a person diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder?

lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds

Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring Cordelia's left arm. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing ________ disorder.

posttraumatic stress

What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common?

repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts

The ________ perspective of psychological disorders attributed symptoms of such ailments to forces that were beyond scientific understanding, such as black magic or evil spirits.

supernatural

What is meant by the term etiology?

the cause of a disorder

At the most basic level, schizophrenia is best conceptualized as a(n) ________ disorder.

Psychotic

Those symptoms that involve noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives in those afflicted with schizophrenia are called ________ symptoms.

Negative

Nathan has an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance. He is preoccupied with fantasies of success and believes that he is entitled to special treatment from others. Nathan appears to suffer from ________ personality disorder.

Narcissistic

Which of the following is an inaccurate statement about dissociative disorders?

People with these disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture.

Cole spends a few weeks being treated for major depressive disorder. He eventually stops exhibiting symptoms, but a few months later they reoccur. Once again the symptoms dissipate, but a few months later they reoccur. Cole's major depressive disorder is ________?

episodic

Jeff is an unforgiving perfectionist who would rather deliver work a week late than turn in a project with even minor mistakes. In fact, he spends so much time working that he never has time for anything else. Jeff is known to be rigid, inflexible, and stubborn, and he never compromises. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Jeff's personality?

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Which brain region is believed to play a critical role in the development of symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder?

Orbifrontal