Psychology Chapter 15

primary, secondary

before coping with a stressful situation, people usually go through the process of primary and secondary appraisal.

problem solving

confronting a situation head-on could also be described as:

meditation, spirituality, deep breathing

How might a person reduce the effects of a stressor despite his or her automatic physical reactions to it?

stress could make you work harder, better, faster, stronger

How might stress create positive behavioral reactions?

future expectancy

If, after experiencing a minor car accident, the other driver admits fault and you realize nobody is hurt, this would create a more positive:

Crowding is only a stressor if you feel crowded

Explain why crowding may or may not be considered a stressor, and how different environments may effect the way people view crowding.

primary

You see a snake and you immediately decide this is a bad situation; this is an example of a ____ appraisal of a situation.

False, weakens

Long term stress strengthens the body's immune defense system.

endorphins, cardiovascular response

Rigorous exercise reduces stress by increasing production of ____ and reducing _____ after a stressful event.

problem-solving, analysis, decision

Some stressful situations must be confronted head-on by using____ strategies, which involve a rational____ that leads to an appropriate _____.

hassles, uplifts

Minor day-to day stressors are called ___, though people can reduce their effect by taking note of ___, which are small, positive events.

False, long term

PTSD is a condition in which a person who has experienced a traumatic event feels short term aftereffects.

hands-on, threat

People can use active coping strategies when they approach a difficult situation in a ____ fashion and appraise it as a challenge rather than a ____.

Stress reaction

The ____ states that stress is caused by our response to a situation, rather than the situation itself.

true

The stress from getting fired has caused Kate to develop a physical illness. This demonstrates the holistic nature of the human body.

emotional, informational, appraisal, instrumental

What are the 4 types of social support

behavioral control

When you avoid being around a person who is annoying, you are practicing:

meditation

______ is a mental exercise that helps people to feel relaxed by reaching an alpha-wave mental state

behavioral disengagement

a person who gives up on trying to get into law school after receiving 3 rejection letters is displaying which coping strategy

improve your interpersonal skills

an effective strategy to reduce the stress you feel from dealing with coworkers would be to

biofeedback

attempting to bring your muscle tension under your conscious control is an example of:

True

if your friend is always irritated when waiting in a line, he is probably a Type A person.

commitment

refers to establishing and pursuing your goals

Social readjustment rating scale (SRRS)

the _____ is a scale that rates the stress levels associated with major life events.

cognitive

the interpretation of an event that helps determine its stress impact is called ____ appraisal

control, commitment, challenge

the three characteristics of hardiness ____, ____, and ____- probably influence the positive explanatory style used by a hardy person

intellectualization

watching and analyzing a situation from an emotionall detached standpoint is called:

noise, odor, temperature

what are three irritating environmental stressors?

interactive support

what is appraisal support

receiving compassion and care support

what is emotional support

provision, advice, or useful information to someone

what is informational support?

active coping is better because you are actively doing something to solve your problem

Is active coping such as problem solving healthier than defensive strategies like denial and intellectualization?

emotional: anxiety, panic, anger cognitive: confusion, poor decision making, poor concentration

Give three examples of short term emotional/psychological reactions to stress and three examples of short term cognitive responses

instrumental

Giving money to a friend who just lost his job is an example of which type of social support

Environmental

____ stressors can include noise, odors, and temperature.

uplift

A small, positive event such as setting a new high score on your favorite video game is an example of an ____.

avoidance-avoidance

Deciding between the lessor of two evils describes what type of conflict situation?

behavioral- get a new shirt or something to clean it cognitive- think of a solution/ downplay iy emotional- no one cares

Describe how you might use behavioral, cognitive, and emotional control to overcome your stress when you find a large stain on the front of your shirt that you hadn't noticed before

stress can deteriorate your immune system

How can stress affect the body's immune system

Type A would become angry and impatient Type B would be calm

How might a Type A person respond to a traffic jam compared to a type B person?

desire; threat; attractions; repulsions

In an approach- avoidance conflict, the degree of stress depends on the intensity of the ____ or perceived _____ whereas in a double approach avoidance conflict, the stress level comes from the intensity of the _____ and _____.

Eustress

Positive stress, or ___, results from motivating strivings and challenges.

positive, growth and achievement

Stress can be _____ when it results from working toward a goal or challenge, and it can encourage us to greater _____ in some situations.

conflict

Trying to decide between going to a baseball game with your friends or helping your mother paint the kitchen in an example of a ___ situation.

seeking comfort a higher power give you a sense of reason/purpose meditation/prayer

What are three ways that spirituality can reduce stress?

getting lost while driving to the store

What is an example of a cognitive reaction to stress?

physical support of money, food, clothing, etc

What is instrumental support?

death of spouse

What is ranked as the most stressful life event on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale?

alarm, resistance, exhaustion

What is the correct order of the stages in the general adaption syndrome

three stages of stress reactions: alarm, resistance, exhaustion

What is the general adaptation syndrome

excretion of adrenaline hormone in body, heavy breathing, increased heart beat, muscles tense, pupils dilate

When a stressful situation triggers the fight-or-flight response, what is the body's immediate physiological response?

irrelevant, positive, negative, evaluate

When making a primary appraisal, you decide whether a situation is ___, ___, or ___ and in the secondary appraisal you, evaluate.

a homelesss person recieving money or clothes for their family

When might instrumental support be more important than other types of social support?

generally patient

Which of the following describes a typical type B person?

I should concentrate on my own self-respect

Which of the following is the most constructive alternative to the irrational assumption that everyone must approve of what I do?

stress reaction

You develop a rash the nigh before you must perform a solo that you don't feel prepared for. This is an example of a ______.

Dysfunctional, defensive

____ ways of coping can hurt or harm others, while ____ coping strategies like denial can keep a person from recognizing an event as stressful