Psychology: Chapter 15

42. Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring her. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing a ________ disorder. A. antisocial personality B. mood C. posttraumatic stress D. schizotypal personality

C. posttraumatic stress

25. ________ delusions involve the (false) belief that other people or agencies are plotting to harm the person. A. Grandiose B. Hallucination C. Paranoid D. Somatic

C. Paranoid

12. Which childhood disorder is characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication and repetitive patterns of behavior or interests? A. antisocial personality disorder B. attention deficit disorder C. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder D. autism spectrum disorder

D. autism spectrum disorder

24. Schizophrenia is considered a_______ disorder. A. mood B. obsessive-compulsive C. personality D. psychotic

D. psychotic

14. Suicide rates are ________ among men than among women, and they are ________ during the winter holiday season than during the spring months. a. higher; higher b. lower; lower c. higher; lower d. lower; higher

c. higher; lower

11. A panic disorder is a type of ________disorder characterized by panic attacks, along with at least one month of worry about panic attacks or self-defeating behavior related to the attacks. A. anxiety B. generalized C. safety D. social

A. anxiety

59. Bipolar disorder was formerly called _____. A. manic-depression. B. hysteria. C. illness anxiety disorder. D. multiple personality disorder.

A. manic-depression.

18. The type of mood disorders characterized by severe mood swings is called_______ disorder. A. Psychogenic B. Dysphoric C. Bipolar D. Autistic

C. Bipolar

17. ________ is a subtype of depression in which a person experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder only during a particular time of year. A. Bipolar disorder B. Mood disorder C. Persistent depressive disorder D. Seasonal pattern

D. Seasonal pattern

54. Chi-en harbors the belief that spider eggs have been implanted underneath her fingernails. What kind of delusion is this? A. disorganized B. grandiose C. paranoid D. somatic

D. somatic

30. Piper is diagnosed with agoraphobia because she experiences intense fear and anxiety of __ A. being outside the home alone B. blood C. enclosed spaces D. heights

A. being outside the home alone

49. Alexis experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder, but only during midwinter. What kind of depression does Alexis have? A. bipolar B. peripartum/postpartum C. persistent depressive D. seasonal pattern

D. seasonal pattern

39. Long-term is to __ Disorder as short-term is to ___ Disorder. A. Persistent Depressive ; Major Depressive B. Major Depressive ; Persistent Depressive C. Somatoform ; Body Dysmorphic D. Body Dysmorphic ; Somatoform

A. Persistent Depressive ; Major Depressive

96. Phobias develop through associations of aversive stimuli with previously neutral stimuli. This expresses the explanation of phobia development in terms of ____. A. cognitive. B. classical conditioning. C. operant conditioning. D. psychodynamic.

B. classical conditioning.

15. Which of the following statements least describes Antisocial Personality Disorder? A. They do not feel normal remorse when doing bad behaviors. B. These individuals are self-serving, unkind, and mean. C. Some people with this disorder can be charming. D. This disorder affects women more often than men.

D. This disorder affects women more often than men.

88. Symptoms of PTSD include all of the following except ________. A. intrusive thoughts or memories of a traumatic event. B. avoidance of things that remind one of a traumatic event. C. jumpiness (startle). D. physical complaints that cannot be explained medically.

D. physical complaints that cannot be explained medically.

9. Which of the following best illustrates a compulsion? a. mentally counting backward from 1,000 b. persistent fear of germs c. thoughts of harming a neighbor d. falsely believing that a spouse has been cheating

a. mentally counting backward from 1,000

4. Who identified psychological disorders as a harmful dysfunction? A. Jerome C. Wakefield B. John Waller C. Stanley Rachman D. Thomas Szasz

A. Jerome C. Wakefield

22. People who are normal all year long, but experience mood problems during the months of December, January, and February suffer from _______. A. Prodromal Syndrome B. Body Dysmorphic Disorder C. Major Depressive Disorder with Seasonal Pattern D. Depersonalization Disorder

C. Major Depressive Disorder with Seasonal Pattern

61. Which of the following best exemplifies avolition? A. inability to enjoy fine dining B. lack of interest in going out with your friend C. lack of motivation to bathe yourself D. refusing to speak

C. lack of motivation to bathe yourself

10. Which of the following is least associated with a panic attack? A. must remain in one's present location B. sweating C. breathing struggles D. feeling closed-in (losing control)

A. must remain in one's present location

7. In which of the following anxiety disorders is the person in a continuous state of excessive, pointless worry and apprehension? a. panic disorder b. generalized anxiety disorder c. agoraphobia d. social anxiety disorder

b. generalized anxiety disorder

60. Which of the following is least associated with a manic symptom? A. Irregular breathing B. Sleep problems C. Unusual energy D. Odd behaviors

A. Irregular breathing

98. Which of the following is a major risk factor for developing a social anxiety disorder? A. behavioral inhibition B. biological predisposition C. displaying a specific phobia D. exhibiting stress

A. behavioral inhibition

82. Which of the following is a common characteristic of all anxiety disorders? A. above average number of psychoses B. excessive, persistent fear and anxiety C. inability to control the body's reaction to paranoia D. sporadic, intense panic attacks

B. excessive, persistent fear and anxiety

27. What kind of schizophrenic symptoms involves reflecting noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives? A. absentee B. invisible C. negative D. positive

C. negative

35. Nagging, intrusive thoughts are called ____, and repetitive or ritual behaviors are called____. A. diatheses; delusions. B. compulsions; obsessions. C. obsessions; compulsions. D. diatheses; conversions.

C. obsessions; compulsions.

99. What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common? A. conviction that the patient herself is the cause of many people's troubles B. generalized anxiety and specific phobias C. obsession with the suffering of others D. repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts

D. repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts

20. Antisocial personality disorder is associated with ________. a. emotional deficits b. memory deficits c. parental overprotection d. increased empathy

a. emotional deficits

4. A study based on over 9,000 U. S. residents found that the most prevalent disorder was ________. a. major depressive disorder b. social anxiety disorder c. obsessive-compulsive disorder d. specific phobia

a. major depressive disorder

13. Common symptoms of major depressive disorder include all of the following except________. a. periods of extreme elation and euphoria b. difficulty concentrating and making decisions c. loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities d. psychomotor agitation and retardation

a. periods of extreme elation and euphoria

1. In the harmful dysfunction definition of psychological disorders, dysfunction involves ________. a. the inability of an psychological mechanism to perform its function b. the breakdown of social order in one's community c. communication problems in one's immediate family d. all the above

a. the inability of an psychological mechanism to perform its function

13. People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts. A. anxiety B. obsessive-compulsive C. personality D. phobia

B. obsessive-compulsive

40. Which of the following least describes suicidal ideation? A. fearing you will die B. making a self-harm attempt C. spending an unusual amount of time talking about death D. writing self-harm letters

A. fearing you will die

6. The letters in the abbreviation DSM-5 stand for ________. A. Diseases and Statistics Manual of Medicine B. Diagnosable Standards Manual of Mental Disorders C. Diseases and Symptoms Manual of Mental Disorders D. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

D. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

19. People with borderline personality disorder often ________. a. try to be the center of attention b. are shy and withdrawn c. are impulsive and unpredictable d. tend to accomplish goals through cruelty

c. are impulsive and unpredictable

38. Dr. Griffiths diagnosed Manuel with major depressive disorder because he ________. A. appears tearful to others and spends weeks at a time feeling sad, empty, and hopeless. B. exhibits three separate personalities, each distinct from the other. C. hates being outside the home alone. D. refuses to leave his room due to anxiety over what might happen during the day.

A. appears tearful to others and spends weeks at a time feeling sad, empty, and hopeless.

72. Nicole is socially inhibited and oversensitive to negative evaluation. She was thinking about a career in nursing, but she changed her mind because she believes the doctors would criticize her and patients would reject her. Nicole has never been on a date because she feels socially inept and unappealing; she avoids meeting new people because anything less than immediate, unconditional acceptance causes her anxiety. Just yesterday Nicole was invited to go on a kayak trip, but she didn't go because she was worried she would embarrass herself. Which of the following diagnoses best accounts for Nicole's personality? A. avoidant personality disorder B. dependent personality disorder C. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder D. schizotypal personality disorder

A. avoidant personality disorder

90. Which of the following is a common characteristic of all dissociative disorders? A. becoming split off, or dissociated, from one's core sense of self B. feeling sad and hopeless over a long period of time C. memory loss D. rapidly fluctuating mood

A. becoming split off, or dissociated, from one's core sense of self

93. The ________ perspective suggests that psychological disorders result largely from faulty physical processes, and the ________perspective emphasizes the importance of factors such as stress and thoughts as well as environmental factors in the development of psychological disorders. A. biological; psychological B. diathesis; supernatural C. medical; stress D. psychological; biological

A. biological; psychological

36. Mae notices that her daughter, Natalie, is extremely preoccupied with the freckles on her nose. Mae can barely see the freckles, but Natalie spends hours in front of the mirror and recently declared that her nose is deformed and she is ugly. She spent her entire weekend applying products to eliminate the freckles, and she recently announced her plans to save money for plastic surgery. Mae believes her daughter may have a ________ disorder. A. body dysmorphic B. generalized anxiety C. mood D. neurological

A. body dysmorphic

95. What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "Acrophobia is characterized by intense fear, anxiety, and avoidance of situations in which it might be difficult to escape or receive help if one experiences symptoms of a panic attack." A. change the word "acrophobia" to the word "agoraphobia" B. change the word "acrophobia" to the word "arachnophobia" C. change the word "escape" to the word "survive" D. change the word "panic" to the word "heart"

A. change the word "acrophobia" to the word "agoraphobia"

97. Exhibiting a personality that ________ is a common characteristic of all personality disorders. A. differs markedly from the expectations of one's culture B. is borderline or narcissistic C. is incompatible with Western cultural norms D. is split off, or dissociated, from one's core sense of self

A. differs markedly from the expectations of one's culture

89. Which of the following factors does least strongly predicts the development of posttraumatic stress disorder? A. experiencing trauma in isolation B. greater trauma severity C. lack of immediate social support D. trauma experience

A. experiencing trauma in isolation

84. What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "The stress model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with stress." A. insert the word "diathesis-" before the first appearance of the word "stress" B. change the first appearance of the word "stress" with the word "trauma" C. change the second appearance of the word "disorder" with the word "diathesis" D. change the word "predisposition" to the word "susceptibility"

A. insert the word "diathesis-" before the first appearance of the word "stress"

71. Karl can't pay attention in class. He is easily distracted, won't sit still, and displays poor impulse control. The school counselor suggested that his parents take Karl to a doctor in order to have him assessed for ________. A. Asperger's syndrome B. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder C. autism spectrum disorder D. schizoid personality disorder

B. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

78. What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "For centuries, psychological disorders were viewed from a natural perspective: attributed to a force beyond scientific understanding." A. change the word "beyond" to the word "within" B. change the word "natural" to the word "supernatural" C. change the word "psychological" to the word "psychopathological" D. change the word "scientific" to the word "spiritual"

B. change the word "natural" to the word "supernatural"

57. What symptom of schizophrenia is illustrated by the following example? So bees with knees have fleas and fleas jump, I jump like a jack, Jack the Giant Killer. Giants kill and transform things and something happened, but we can't hear because our eyes are like flies that flew away. A. catatonic behavior B. disorganized thinking C. hallucinations D. paranoid delusions

B. disorganized thinking

28. Donna exhibits two separate personalities, each well-defined and distinct from one another, so Dr. Paulson diagnosed Donna with ________ disorder. A. anxiety B. dissociative identity C. personality D. schizophrenia

B. dissociative identity

31. ________are mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety in social situations, such as wearing bland, neutral clothes to avoid drawing attention to oneself. A. Obsessions B. Ruminations C. Safety behaviors D. Therapies

C. Safety behaviors

75. Jeff is an unforgiving perfectionist who would rather deliver work a week late than turn in a project with even minor mistakes. In fact, he spends so much time working that he never has time for anything else. Jeff is known to be rigid, inflexible, and stubborn, and he never compromises. Which of the following diagnoses best accounts for Jeff's personality? A. histrionic personality disorder B. narcissistic personality disorder C. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder D. schizoid personality disorder

C. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

83. Which of the following least describes a risk factor for suicide? A. alcohol dependence B. history of previous suicide attempts C. popular music that promotes suicide D. substance abuse

C. popular music that promotes suicide

52. Veena's thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors are impaired to the point where she is unable to function normally in life. She experiences significant difficulties in many day-to-day activities, such as holding a job, paying bills, grooming, maintaining personal hygiene, and sustaining relationships. With which of the following disorders is Veena living? A. anxiety disorder B. borderline personality disorder C. major depressive disorder D. schizophrenia

D. schizophrenia

19. Peripartum onset depression is a kind of depression ________. A. characterized by mood states that vacillate between depression and mania. B. in which an individual experiences mania, characterized by extremely cheerful and euphoric mood, excessive talkativeness, irritability, increased activity levels, and other symptoms. C. in which an individual has a tendency to repetitively and passively dwell on one's depressed symptoms, their meanings, and their consequences. D. that applies to women who experience an episode of major depression either during pregnancy or in the four weeks following childbirth.

D. that applies to women who experience an episode of major depression either during pregnancy or in the four weeks following childbirth.

94. A recent study compared the vaccination histories of 256 children with autism spectrum disorder with that of 752 control children across three time periods during their first two years of life. Researchers found that ________. A. a combination of genetics, mental predisposition, and bad parenting combined with the MMR vaccination caused autism spectrum disorder. B. delaying vaccinations lessened the odds that a child would develop autism spectrum disorder after a vaccination. C. quantity of immunogens from vaccines received during the first two years of life was related to the development of autism spectrum disorder. D. the quantity of immunogens from vaccines received during the first two years of life were not at all related to the development of autism spectrum disorder.

D. the quantity of immunogens from vaccines received during the first two years of life were not at all related to the development of autism spectrum disorder.

15. Clifford falsely believes that the police have planted secret cameras in his home to monitor his every movement. Clifford's belief is an example of ________. a. a delusion b. a hallucination c. tangentiality d. a negative symptom

a. a delusion

12. Which of the following elevates the risk for developing PTSD? a. severity of the trauma b. frequency of the trauma c. high levels of intelligence d. social support

a. severity of the trauma

22. One of the primary characteristics of autism spectrum disorder is ________. a. bed-wetting b. difficulty relating to others c. short attention span d. intense and inappropriate interest in others

b. difficulty relating to others

17. Dissociative amnesia involves ________. a. memory loss following head trauma b. memory loss following stress c. feeling detached from the self d. feeling detached from the world

b. memory loss following stress

8. Which of the following would constitute a safety behavior? a. encountering a phobic stimulus in the company of other people b. avoiding a field where snakes are likely to be present c. avoiding eye contact d. worrying as a distraction from painful memories

c. avoiding eye contact

6. Dr. Anastasia believes that major depressive disorder is caused by an over-secretion of cortisol. His view on the cause of major depressive disorder reflects a ________ perspective. a. psychological b. supernatural c. biological d. diathesis-stress

c. biological

16. A study of adoptees whose biological mothers had schizophrenia found that the adoptees were most likely to develop schizophrenia ________. a. if their childhood friends later developed schizophrenia b. if they abused drugs during adolescence c. if they were raised in a disturbed adoptive home environment d. regardless of whether they were raised in a healthy or disturbed home environment

c. if they were raised in a disturbed adoptive home environment

21. Which of the following is not a primary characteristic of ADHD? a. short attention span b. difficulty concentrating and distractibility c. restricted and fixated interest d. excessive fidgeting and squirming

c. restricted and fixated interest

18. Dissociative identity disorder mainly involves ________. a. depersonalization b. derealization c. schizophrenia d. different personalities

d. different personalities

11. Symptoms of PTSD include all of the following except ________. a. intrusive thoughts or memories of a traumatic event b. avoidance of things that remind one of a traumatic event c. jumpiness d. physical complaints that cannot be explained medically

d. physical complaints that cannot be explained medically

76. Which of the following least describes dissociative disorders? A. People with these disorders become disconnected from their sense of self. B. People with these disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture. C. People with these disorders experience memory and identity disturbances. D. These disorders do not have a physical cause.

B. People with these disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture.

5. Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America? A. Desperate Social and Mental Disorders B. Determinants of Social Mental Disorders C. Determining Statistical Manifestation of Disorders D. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

D. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

2. Etiology is another word for ________. A. causes B. conditions C. forms D. psychopathology

A. causes

41. Identify the obsession in the following sentence. "Keisha is overly concerned about germs, so she spends hours wiping the surfaces of her home and washing her hands." A. concern over germs B. germs C. spending hours washing her hands D. spending hours wiping the surfaces of her home

A. concern over germs

100. People who cannot bear to part with personal possessions are most likely to suffer from ___ Disorder. A. Body Dysmorphic B. Hoarding C. Dissociative Amnesia D. Dissociative Fuge

B. Hoarding

48. Juanita was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. She knows her mother took medicine to combat depression and she worries her daughter will experience depression too. Why? A. Juanita also suffers from social anxiety disorder. B. Mood disorders are more likely to occur in younger people. C. Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis. D. People who grow up with a depressed parent become depressed themselves.

C. Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis.

80. Which of the following is least true regarding ADHD? A. Symptoms must be present in early childhood. B. All adults with ADHD possessed symptoms as children. C. Nobody ever grows out of ADHD symptoms. D. The formal diagnostic label is always ADHD and never ADD.

C. Nobody ever grows out of ADHD symptoms.

91. Dissociative identity disorder mainly involves ________. A. depersonalization B. derealization C. schizophrenia D. different personalities

D. different personalities

2. Patterns of inner experience and behavior are thought to reflect the presence of a psychological disorder if they ________. a. are highly atypical b. lead to significant distress and impairment in one's life c. embarrass one's friends and/or family d. violate the norms of one's culture

b. lead to significant distress and impairment in one's life

10. Research indicates that the symptoms of OCD ________. a. are similar to the symptoms of panic disorder b. are triggered by low levels of stress hormones c. are related to hyperactivity in the orbitofrontal cortex d. are reduced if people are asked to view photos of stimuli that trigger the symptoms

c. are related to hyperactivity in the orbitofrontal cortex

3. The letters in the abbreviation DSM-5 stand for ________. a. Diseases and Statistics Manual of Medicine b. Diagnosable Standards Manual of Mental Disorders c. Diseases and Symptoms Manual of Mental Disorders d. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

d. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

9. ________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and apprehension and by related disturbances in behavior. A. Anxiety B. Body dysmorphic C. Obsessive-compulsive D. Personality

A. Anxiety

56. Which of the following best exemplifies hopelessness theory? A. Rochelle has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about it—this leads her to become depressed. B. Rochelle is depressed, so she thinks terrible things will happen. C. Rochelle is in an earthquake and many of her friends die, so she becomes depressed. D. Rochelle stops taking her medication because she does not think medication will help her depression.

A. Rochelle has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about it—this leads her to become depressed.

55. John is noticeably fidgety and jittery. He can't sit still; he paces, wrings his hands, and pulls at his clothing constantly. John suffers from psychomotor________. A. agitation. B. distress. C. rigidity. D. tension.

A. agitation.

53. The belief that you ________ is an example of a delusion. A. can perform miracles on demand B. can quit smoking C. do not love your parents D. will be arrested for committing a crime

A. can perform miracles on demand

20. ________ involves thoughts of self-inflicted death, thinking about or planning one's death, or making a self-death attempt. A. Flight of ideas B. Rumination C. Suicidal ideation D. Suicide

C. Suicidal ideation

26. The most common form of hallucinations in schizophrenia is _______. A. visual B. olfactory C. auditory D. tactile

C. auditory

68. Which of the following best exemplifies a symptom of paranoid personality disorder? A. Rafe believes he is entitled to special treatment from those around him. B. Rafe believes that his dreams are prophetic. C. Rafe is convinced his life has meaning beyond himself. D. Rafe is extremely suspicious of the people around him and mistrusts them for no identifiable reason.

D. Rafe is extremely suspicious of the people around him and mistrusts them for no identifiable reason.

86. Which of the following statements about autism spectrum disorder is least true? A. Exposure to environmental pollutants such as mercury has been linked to the development of this disorder. B. Genetic factors appear to play a prominent role in the development of this disorder. C. It is characterized by a pervasive pattern of inattention and/or hyperactive and impulsive behavior. D. This disorder involves feeling overwhelmed and sad for extended periods of time.

D. This disorder involves feeling overwhelmed and sad for extended periods of time.

3. Who argued that the notion of mental illness was invented by society (and the mental health establishment) to stigmatize and subjugate people whose behavior violates accepted social and legal norms? A. Isla Fischer B. John Waller C. Marcia Cross D. Thomas Szasz

D. Thomas Szasz

34. Due to Dominique' s obsessive-compulsive disorder, she may ________. A. exhibit an extreme fear of water. B. insist that she hears voices. C .refuse to leave her bed due to anxiety over what might happen during the day. D. wash her hands every 10 minutes throughout the day.

D. wash her hands every 10 minutes throughout the day.

33. Miguel worries excessively about things beyond his control, and his worries often interfere with his life. He avoids driving because he worries about car accidents. Miguel calls his parents twice a day because he worries about how they might feel regarding him. Miguel most likely suffers from ________. A. free-floating anxiety disorder B. generalized anxiety disorder C. obsessive-compulsive disorder D. persistent depressive disorder

B. generalized anxiety disorder

32. Edwina is constantly worried. She cannot really identify why she feels this way, and she finds it nearly impossible to relax. Edwina's therapist believes her symptoms best represent ___ A. obsessive-compulsive. B. generalized anxiety disorder. C. panic disorder. D. social anxiety disorder.

B. generalized anxiety disorder.

67. Phyllis cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Phyllis wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband. Which of the following diagnoses best accounts for her personality? A. antisocial personality disorder B. avoidant personality disorder C. borderline personality disorder D. schizotypal personality disorder

C. borderline personality disorder

69. Jerry allows others to take over and run his life. He is submissive and clings to those around him. Jerry cannot make decisions without advice and reassurance from others, probably because he lacks self-confidence. He finds it impossible to do things on his own, and he feels uncomfortable and helpless when he is alone. Which of the following diagnoses best accounts for Jerry's personality? A. avoidant personality disorder B. borderline personality disorder C. dependent personality disorder D. narcissistic personality disorder

C. dependent personality disorder

92. Why do so many people believe there is a link between autism and the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine? A. A prestigious medical journal published a paper, which was later retracted, that identified a link. B. Autism rates increased in every city with an aggressive vaccination program. C. Everyone knows that all vaccinations are unhealthy. D. Parents with autistic children can see a clear link between vaccinations and autism.

A. A prestigious medical journal published a paper, which was later retracted, that identified a link.

77. Which of the following is best describes neurodevelopmental disorders? A. All neurodevelopmental disorders are diagnosed in early childhood. B. All neurodevelopmental disorders are diagnosed in middle-aged patients. C. All neurodevelopmental disorders are disorders of the elderly. D. Neurodevelopmental disorders are not diagnosed in males.

A. All neurodevelopmental disorders are diagnosed in early childhood.

73. Which of the following best exemplifies a symptom of autism spectrum disorder? A. Gina exhibits deficits in social interaction by not initiating conversations with other children, and she turns her head away when spoken to. B. Gina is quick to anger and is incapable of dealing with a situation in which she is not the center of attention. C. Gina is submissive and physically clings to the people around her. D. Gina is very impulsive—as soon as an idea enters her head she acts upon it.

A. Gina exhibits deficits in social interaction by not initiating conversations with other children, and she turns her head away when spoken to.

85. Which of the following statements is most true about obsessive-compulsive disorder? A. It involves intrusive, unpleasant thoughts and repetitive behaviors. B. It involves persistent, unfocused anxiety. C. It is most often diagnosed during adolescence. D. Men are more often diagnosed than women.

A. It involves intrusive, unpleasant thoughts and repetitive behaviors.

50. Which of the following best exemplifies a diathesis-stress model? A. Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died. B. Ozzie treats his depression by exposing himself to a series of stressors so he can learn coping skills. C. Ozzie treats his manic episodes by using medication to induce depression. D. Ozzie's doctor does not believe that mental illness has a biological basis.

A. Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died.

65. From an early age, Kwaku got into trouble constantly. He continually violates the rights of others and he often lies, fights, and has problems with the law. Generally, Kwaku is impulsive and fails to think ahead. He is frequently deceitful and manipulative in order to get the things he wants, and he never regrets his misdeeds or considers the feelings of those he has harmed. Which of the following diagnoses best accounts for Kwaku's personality? A. antisocial personality disorder B. dependent personality disorder C. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder D. paranoid personality disorder

A. antisocial personality disorder

87. What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "A person diagnosed with a specific anxiety experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear about a particular object or situation." A. change the word "anxiety" to the word "phobia" B. change the word "fear" to the word "terror" C. change the word "specific" to the word "generalized" D. change the word "specific" to the word "simple"

A. change the word "anxiety" to the word "phobia"

81. What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "The psychological perspective views disorders as linked to biological phenomena, such as genetic factors, chemical imbalances, and brain abnormalities." A. change the word "psychological" to the word "biological" B. change the word "abnormalities" to the word "anomalies" C. change the word "disorders" to the word "pathologies" D. change the word "perspective" to the word "theory"

A. change the word "psychological" to the word "biological"

7. What is comorbidity? A. co-occurrence of two disorders B. having two causes for a single disorder C. having two causes of death D. mental disorder leading to death

A. co-occurrence of two disorders

1. A psychological disorder is a ________. A. condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. B. condition characterized by normal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. C. manifestation of a psychopathology. D. situational, idiosyncratic, or unconventional inner feelings.

A. condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

8. The ________ model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with adverse environmental or psychological events. A. diathesis-stress B. supernatural C. Szasz D. Venn

A. diathesis-stress

64. Which of the following best exemplifies a symptom of histrionic personality disorder? A. Phoebe feels helpless when she is alone, and she can't make decisions on her own. B. Phoebe feels uncomfortable when she is not the center of attention, and she has alienated friends by demanding excessive amounts of their attention. C. Phoebe is impulsive, unpredictable, and sometimes engages in self-mutilation. D. Phoebe often displays an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance.

B. Phoebe feels uncomfortable when she is not the center of attention, and she has alienated friends by demanding excessive amounts of their attention.

66. Which of the following best exemplifies a symptom of schizotypal personality disorder? A. Stella is devoted to her work and works so much that she has no time for friends or family. B. Stella laughed when her dog died and cried while watching a funny movie. C. Stella often lies, fights, and gets into trouble with police. D. When Stella's father asked how her day was, she interpreted it as a threat.

B. Stella laughed when her dog died and cried while watching a funny movie.

79. Which of the following least describes a reason that ADHD may be over-diagnosed? A. Doctors are too quick to medicate children as a behavior treatment. B. The amount of ADHD in the population has increased tenfold since it was first identified. C. There is greater awareness of ADHD now than in the past. D. What might seem like inattention to some parents and teachers could simply reflect exposure to too much technology.

B. The amount of ADHD in the population has increased tenfold since it was first identified.

74. A primary characteristic of autism spectrum disorder is _____. A. bed-wetting. B. difficulty relating to others. C. short attention span. D. high and engaging interest in others.

B. difficulty relating to others.

43. Cole spends a few weeks being treated for major depressive disorder. He eventually stops exhibiting symptoms, but a few months later they reoccur. Once again the symptoms dissipate, but a few months later they reoccur. Cole's major depressive disorder is ________? A. asymptomatic B. episodic C. limited in duration to a few weeks D. reoccurring every few months

B. episodic

16. Which of the following best defines antisocial personality disorder? A. instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood B. lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds C. overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance D. pervasive need for perfectionism that interferes with the ability to complete tasks

B. lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds

46. Identify the compulsion in the following example. Yin can't stop thinking about his book collection, which includes hundreds of first editions. He wants it to be in a particular order. Yin spends hours every day organizing his books alphabetically by author, then by color, then by size. A. having hundreds of first editions in his book collection B. organizing the books C. thinking about the books all the time D. thinking about the order of the books all the time

B. organizing the books

51. In explaining the development of schizophrenia, the diathesis-stress model emphasizes ____. A. the role of brain abnormalities. B. the interaction of genetic predispositions and stress. C. the role of stressful life experiences in creating a diathesis. D. the role of psychosocial influences in creating a diathesis.

B. the interaction of genetic predispositions and stress.

21. Suicide rates are ________ among men than among women, and they are ________ during the winter holiday season than during the spring months. A. higher; higher B. lower; lower C. higher; lower D. lower; higher

C. higher; lower

47. Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can't afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing _______.________. A. body dysmorphia. B. flight of ideas. C. mania. D. rapid cycling.

C. mania.

63. Nathan has an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance. He is preoccupied with fantasies of success and believes that he is entitled to special treatment from others. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nathan's personality? A. borderline personality disorder B. histrionic personality disorder C. narcissistic personality disorder D. schizotypal personality disorder

C. narcissistic personality disorder

58. If Laura has bipolar disorder, then she _________. A. experiences flashbacks interspersed with depression. B. never thinks about the risk that a major depressive episode will follow a manic episode. C. often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania. D. once started a day euphoric and ended the day tired.

C. often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania.

14. According to the textbook, which brain region is best believed to play a critical role in OCD? A. anterior cortex B. cingulate cortex C. orbitofrontal cortex D. prefrontal cortex

C. orbitofrontal cortex

29. Yuri experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear or anxiety about heights. Yuri suffers from a(n) _______. A. mood disorder B. obsessive-compulsive disorder C. phobia D. psychosis

C. phobia

37. Which of the following is the best example of a flashback? A. Eugene was bitten by a snake. Now when he sees a snake, he is careful to move away slowly and silently. B. Eugene was in a boating accident. Now he experiences intense fear of large bodies of water and avoids boats. C. Eugene was in a car accident. He is convinced that if he starts, stops, and restarts the engine five times in a row he will avoid having a car accident. D. Eugene was in a motorcycle accident. When he hears a sudden loud noise he relives the accident and feels as if it is happening all over again.

D. Eugene was in a motorcycle accident. When he hears a sudden loud noise he relives the accident and feels as if it is happening all over again.

45. Which of the following best exemplifies flight of ideas? A. Gilbert attempts suicide, then calls 9-1-1. B. Gilbert exhibits an abundance of energy during his debate session. C. Gilbert speaks in a monotone voice. D. Gilbert talks loudly and quickly, switching topics rapidly.

D. Gilbert talks loudly and quickly, switching topics rapidly.

62. Fidel suddenly wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Fidel may be experiencing a(n) ________. A. associative fugue B. catatonia C. depersonalization D. dissociative fugue

D. dissociative fugue

70. People with ____ disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture, is pervasive and inflexible, begins in adolescence or early adulthood, and causes distress or impairment. A. psychiatric B. psychological C. Psychosocial D. personality

D. personality

44. Joey talks and moves slowly. When asked a question, he answers slowly in monotone monosyllables, if he answers at all. Joffrey is experiencing psychomotor________. A. agitation. B. deprivation. C. disorder. D. retardation.

D. retardation.

23. Which psychological disorder is characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior? A. anxiety B. bipolar C. personality D. schizophrenia

D. schizophrenia

5. The diathesis-stress model presumes that psychopathology results from ________. a. vulnerability and adverse experiences b. biochemical factors c. chemical imbalances and structural abnormalities in the brain d. adverse childhood experiences

a. vulnerability and adverse experiences