Psychology Chapter 15: sleep and consciousness

13. In the rouge test, a child with a developed sense of self will ______. a. indicate that they realize the spot is on their face b. touch the child in the mirror c. hit the child in the mirror d. kiss the child in the mirror

A

15. Which of the following brain areas is important to the sense of agency, which may be disrupted in schizophrenia? a. inferior parietal area b. anterior cingulate cortex c. posterior cingulate cortex d. hippocampus

A

3. Beta waves are associated with ______. a. arousal and alertness b. wakeful relaxation c. slow wave sleep d. day-dreaming

A

5. The major factor that produces an increase in slow-wave sleep patterns is probably ______. a. overheating b. fatigue c. extensive cognitive use d. extensive REM sleep the previous night

A

6. Evidence that has supported the Synaptic Homeostasis Hypothesis has shown that during sleep, ______ occurred at small, unstable synapses but not at stronger synapses. a. pruning b. strengthening c. long-term potentiation d. bursts

A

23. Nadia has been watching a figure skating competition on television. When the figure skater misses a jump and falls hard on her arm, Nadia winces. What part of her brain is involved in this reaction? A. Mirror neurons B. Phantom limps C. Auditory cortex D. Right insula

A.

24. Which of the following appears to be true of the confabulation created by patient with a "split brain" ? A. They are attempts of the left hemisphere to make sense of the information it had received B. They often make the patient appear more interesting or sensational C. They rarely are related to things that the patient is experiencing in their world D. They assist the patient on coping with their brain injury

A.

10. What role does the thalamus appear to play in consciousness? a. The thalamus is the likely "consciousness center." b. The intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus help coordinate activity with the cortex, contributing to conscious experience. c. The intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus help stimulate the rostral dorsolateral pontine tegmentum, which inhibits the salience network. d. The medial geniculate nuclei of the thalamus produce arousal, which is part of consciousness.

B

11. Which of the following results from damage to the prefrontal-parietal network? a. trouble focusing attention on a stimulus b. trouble binding different parts of a sensory stimulus c. trouble tracking a visual stimulus d. trouble waking from sleep

B

14. Juan is undergoing an fMRI as part of a research study. If Juan is shown and recognizes a picture of himself, which portion of his brain would you expect to see increase in activity? a. thalamus b. insula c. right posterior parietal cortex d. V5

B

18. Which of the following is one of the reasons that some psychologists question the diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder? a. The symptoms are not consistent across diagnosing psychologists. b. The number of diagnosed cases increased from 500 to 5,000 over a period of 6 years. c. Symptoms seem to come and go. d. They believe it is a popular diagnosis due to movies such as The Three Faces of Eve.

B

8. The visual imagery of REM dreaming may be the outcome of PGO waves producing arousal in the ______. a. lateral geniculate nucleus b. occipital cortex c. lateral hypothalamus d. retinohypothalamic pathway

B

9. A gene in the human leukocyte antigen family has been linked to an increased risk of which sleep disorder? a. insomnia b. sleepwalking c. sexsomnia d. sleep-related eating disorder

B

22. Which of the following is true about narcolepsy? A. On,y humans experience narcolepsy B. People experience REM-like Antonia during waking C. People with narcolepsy fall directly into stage 2 sleep when they fall asleep D. People with narcolepsy sleep more than. Average

B.

25. Which of the following is true about Gazzaniga's "brain interpreter"? A. This module is located in the right brain hemisphere B. This module includes not only language function but also the ability to draw conclusions C. This module is lost in patients who have undergone split brain surgery D. This module us responsible for the ability of the patients to follow simple commands following split brain surgery

B.

16. Which of the following is true about the sense of self? a. The self is located in the anterior cingulate cortex. b. The self is a localizable entity. c. The self includes body image, memory, and mirror neurons. d. The self is not impacted by disorders such as dissociative personality disorder.

C

17. Which observation has led scientists to believe that confabulation in patients with amnesia helps these patients create a sense of self? a. The confabulations have nothing to do with the patients' own lives. b. The confabulations only occur for happy past events. c. The anterior cingulate cortex is involved in the confabulation. d. Irrelevant memories are suppressed in these patients via the frontal lobe.

C

2. Although many blind individuals have difficulty maintaining circadian rhythms, some are able to do so through ______. a. light detection by rods and cones b. signals sent from rods to the retinohypothalamic pathway c. ganglion cells that contain melanopsin d. use of artificial light as a zeitgeber

C

4. Evan is 5 years old, and he has been experiencing night terrors and wetting his bed. What stage of wakefulness is he in at the time these events have occurred? a. REM b. stage 1 c. stage 3 d. awake relaxation

C

19. Antonio has been flying between New York and Madrid every week for the last year and often suffers lag. One treatment suggested in your books is ______. A. Serotonin B. Dopamine C. Melatonin D. Caffeine

C.

20. Lucas tends to move around a lot in his sleep. Most likely he is doing this during _____. A. Stage 1 sleep B. Stage 2 sleep C. Slow wave sleep D. REM sleep

C.

21. Lesions to the ____ have resulted In cats acting out their REM dreams, as they lacked the Antonia typically seen in this phase of sleep. A. Parafacial zone of the medulla B. Ventrolateral preoptic nucleus C. Sublaterodorsal nucleus of pons D. Forebrain arousal center

C.

26. Mike, a split brain patient, is shown a key in his left visual field and a ring in his right visual field. He is asked what he sees. Which of the following id most likely his answer ? A. Nothing B. A key C. A ring D. A key ring

C.

1. Westward travel is less disruptive of the circadian rhythm than eastward travel, in part because it is easier to ______ than to ______. a. go to sleep early; go to sleep later b. sleep during the day; stay awake when it's dark c. go to sleep early; go to sleep when you are used to d. go to sleep later; go to sleep when you are not sleepy

D

12. In the Stroop word-color test, the ______ modulates activity in attentional pathways to focus attention on the word's meaning and suppress attention to its color. a. frontal lobe cortex b. parietal lobe cortex c. temporal lobe cortex d. anterior cingulate cortex

D

7. Emma has been asleep for over an hour and is now experiencing a vivid dream. Her body is paralyzed, but she feels as though she is walking through a dense forest, where she sees brightly colored birds. What would you most expect to observe in Emma's brain during this period? a. firing of neurons in the locus coeruleus b. firing of neurons in the raphe nucleus c. firing of neurons in the tuberomammillary nucleus d. PGO waves

D