Psychology chapter 3

Why do we perceive objects as retaining their brightness under different lighting levels?

Brightness is inferred via comparison.

Which of the following statements best describes the contemporary understanding of the two theories of audition?

Frequency theory better explains how we hear low-frequency sounds, while place theory accounts for how we hear high frequencies.

Which of the following interventions would be most likely to improve the quality of vision in those who experience color blindness?

Gene therapy to increase the number of cones in the retina

Which of the following best describes how humans are able to detect 10,000 different odors?

Many olfactory neurons are able to detect more than one odor molecule.

Which of the following describes the fundamental difference between binocular and monocular perceptual cues?

The singularity of the perspective

How does top-down processing differ from bottom-up processing?

Top-down processing uses a concept to screen incoming information, while bottom-up processing looks for a pattern in a pool of information.

You observe a friend crying and approach to find out what is troubling him. He smiles and says that he is feeling great, while choking back a sob. According to the principles of cross-modal perception, you are most likely to

suspect that he is upset about something.

The results of experiments ___________________ have not been replicated

using the Ganzfeld procedure

Which of the following best describes the process of sensory adaptation?

The brain ceases to notice impulses coming in at constant and unchanging levels.

Noise-related hearing loss is primarily caused by

damage to hair cells in the cochlea.

How does an absolute threshold differ from a difference threshold?

An absolute threshold determines whether stimuli are detected, whereas a difference threshold determines a perceptible change in stimuli.

According to the gate-control theory, how does the body regulate the experience of pain?

An area of the spinal cord shuts itself against incoming pain signals in favor of other information.

Which of the following metaphors is the most similar to the concept of timbre in a human voice?

The fingerprints of a hand

Why does the perception of illusions tend to vary across cultures?

The presence of different types of environmental geometry shapes perceptive faculties.

Two kinds of light-sensitive receptor cells reside at the back of the retina; rods are responsible for _________ while cones are responsible for

detecting low-light stimuli; detecting well-lit stimuli.