Psychology chapter 4

Dr. Matsuko's major research interest is the long-term effects of child-rearing practices on the psychological adjustment of offspring. It is most likely that Dr. Matsuko is a ________ psychologist.

Developmental

The process of developing a sense of identity during adolescence was highlighted by:

Erikson's psychosocial development theory.

Infants' tendency to gaze longer at novel stimuli than at familiar ones provides compelling evidence regarding their

Mental ablilities

The importance of schemas was most clearly highlighted by:

Piaget's cognitive development theory.

(From your textbook and the movie) Nutrients and oxygen are transferred from a mother to her developing fetus through the

Placenta

Jessica acts so differently with her parents than with her girlfriends that she often thinks her personality is completely phony. Erik Erikson would have suggested that Jessica is experiencing:

role confusion.

Although 3-year-old Adam happily explores the attractive toys located in the dentist's waiting room, he periodically returns to his mother's side for brief moments. Adam most clearly displays signs of:

secure attachment.

During Piaget's sensorimotor stage, children acquire

sense of object permanence.

Questions about the extent to which maladaptive habits learned in childhood can be overcome in adulthood are most directly relevant to the issue of:

stability and change.

Compared with the children of authoritarian parents, the children of authoritative parents are:

more likely to develop a sense of self-reliance and more likely to demonstrate social competence.

Mark believes that choosing to violate government laws is morally justifiable if it is done to protect the lives of innocent people. Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates ________ morality.

postconventional

Jarrud thinks he should obey his teachers only if they are carefully watching him. Kohlberg would suggest that Jarrud demonstrates a(n) ________ morality.

preconventional

A public initiation into adult responsibilities and status is called a:

rite of passage.

Immediately after birth, infants are able to distinguish between their mothers' and strangers'

Voices

A child's realization that others may have beliefs that the child knows to be false best illustrates the development of:

a theory of mind.

The process of imprinting occurs during a brief developmental phase known as:

a critical period.

"I don't care whether you want to wash the dishes, you will do so because I said so!" This statement is most representative of a(n) ________ parenting style.

authoritarian

Mark thinks that language development over the life span requires a slow but steady shaping process. His belief is most directly relevant to the issue of:

continuity and stages.

Menopause involves a decline in:

fertility.

After Nadia learned that penguins cannot fly, she had to modify her existing concept of birds. This best illustrates the process of

accommodation

The sexual abuse of a very young child is so emotionally repulsive to most people that they immediately recognize it as shamefully immoral. This best illustrates that moral judgments may reflect:

affectively laden intuitions.

Deficient social interaction and an impaired understanding of others' emotional states is most characteristic of:

autism spectrum disorder.

Two closed, pyramid-shaped beakers containing clearly identical amounts of a liquid are judged by a child to hold different amounts after one of the beakers is inverted. The child apparently lacks a:

concept of conservation.

Marissa resents the burden and constraints of caring for her infant daughter and frequently ignores her cries for attention. As a consequence, her daughter is most likely to display signs of:

insecure attachment.

According to Erikson, older adults can most effectively cope with the prospect of their own death if they have achieved a sense of:

integrity.

A researcher who administers a personality test to the same children every 3 years as they progress through school is conducting a(n) ________ study.

longitudinal

The tips of chromosomes that wear down as we age are called:

telomeres.

Intense and reactive infants become unusually anxious and aroused when facing new or strange situations. This best illustrates the impact of:

temperament.

Taking certain drugs during pregnancy is likely to expose unborn children to

teratogens.

The preferred age for retirement is quite different in Mexico than in Western Europe. This best illustrates that ________ differs from culture to culture.

the social clock