Psychology chapter 5 smartbook

Studies with the visual cliff show that by the time babies are able to crawl, they can perceive

depth

In Bowlby's research with infants and primates, he noted that they both went through a clear sequence of reactions-from protest, to despair, to

detachment

By what age are children able to hold objects?

four months

When do we see a leveling off in acquired knowledge and crystallized intelligence?

very late adulthood

Which of the following are key changes during emerging adulthood?

Recognizing the need to make decisions Coping with increased responsibility

The process of how genotype becomes phenotype, and therefore, how we change and remain the same over the course of a lifetime is called

human development.

Brain death occurs when no measurable electrical activity in the brain is evident, but may maintain vital signs.

life support

Julian was born biologically female, but identifies as male. Individuals with a similar identity would likely identify as

transgender

identity occurs when one identifies with the opposite gender one was assigned at birth.

transgender

is the ability to know what matters, to live well, and to show good judgment.

wisdom

Erik Erikson believed that adolescents go through versus role confusion

Blank 1: identity Blank 2: identity

The procedure was designed to assess the quality of attachment between infants and their primary caregivers.

Blank 1: strange Blank 2: situation

Just as body mass gradually declines with age, so does mass.

Brain

Which developmental stage involves coping with increased responsibility and recognizing the need to make decisions about some things that one has been exploring?

Emerging adulthood

What person, more than any other, is associated with the study of cognitive development in children?

Jean piaget

Dementia has which of the following characteristics?

Loss of mental function, problem solving, and use language Difficulty in the use of language

adulthood refers to the ages of 40 and 60 or 65.

Middle

migration is the process in pregnancy by which neurons move from one part of the fetal brain to their more permanent destination.

Neuronal

is the consistently unique way in which an individual behaves over time and in many different situations.

Personality

Jean is the most influential theorist who studied cognitive development.

Piaget

What is the process called when events in the womb alter the development of physical and psychological health?

Prenatal programming

According to John Bowlby, what is the major function of becoming emotionally attached to caregivers and emotionally distressing when separate from them?

Protect infants from predation and other threats to survival

begins before birth, and is the biological basis to behavior in particular ways from very early in life.

Temperament

Which of the following is NOT true with respect to brain development in childhood.

The rate of brain growth increases rapidly at the end of adolescence

Which of the following is NOT true with respect to brain development in childhood.

The rate of brain growth increases rapidly at the end of adolescence.

Identity vs identity confusion is the psychosocial developmental stage that occurs during

adolescence

Fetal spectrum disorder can cause multiple problems, such as damage to the central nervous system and intellectual disability.

alcohol

Increase in complexity of myelinated axons, synaptic pruning, and neural synchrony occurs in the all throughout adolescence.

brain

death occurs when no measurable electrical activity in the brain is evident.

brain

Areas of the brain involved in interpreting other people's faces, understanding emotion, and social intelligence are still developing in adolescents. Which of the following is NOT an area of the brain associated with these processes?

cerebellum

Gibson and walk created a visual cliff test for babies who have learned to

crawl

In middle to late adulthood, ____ intelligence strengthens, but ____ begins to weaken.

crystallized; fluid

A general term that describes a loss of mental function, in which many cognitive processes are impaired, such as the ability to remember, reason, solve problems, make decisions, and use language is

dementia

Select all of the general categories of temperament in children:

difficult child easy child slow to warm child

The release of the female hormone, causes the growth of the breasts, widening of hips, and an increase in body fat.

estradiol

The most serious effect of prenatal alcohol exposure is

fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.

During _______ adulthood, the two challenges involve sensory and physical development.

middle

Identify all of the major brain changes that occur throughout adolescence.

more myelinated axons neural synchrony synaptic pruning reaches the final stages

Kelly knows when her ball rolls under the desk and she no longer sees it, she can crawl over and reach for the ball. Kelly knows that even though she does not see the ball it still exists.

object

You show a child a toy and then hide that toy behind a chair, and when the child wants the toy, they only look in plain sight, not behind the chair. According to Piaget, the child could be said to lack a mastery of

object permanence

In older adulthood, most normal cognitive decline with aging is related to brain changes in

the frontal lobes

The strange situation procedure was designed to assess

the quality of attachment between infant and caregiver.

A primary reason why infants must internalize the bonding relationship is so

they have a model for future friendships and love relationships

By months, most children start taking their first steps.

12

Neural migration occurs during months of the fetal stage.

3-5

By children can sit by themselves, without any help.

6

The rate of brain growth slows down after the age of

6

Which type of environment creates less complex neural connections?

Abusive and impoverished

What does it mean that the caregiver must create a secure base for the child?

The infant needs to know that the caregiver is accessible and dependable to explore the world with confidence.

True or false: Teens may use different regions of their brains to process emotions than adults do.

True