Psychology Exam #1
______ believed that psychology should be about what people do and not concern itseld with what cannot be seen, such as thoughts, feelings, and goals.
B.F Skinner
Dennis, a psychologist, conducts a servey on why most people tend to help a crying child. After the servvey, he explains that most people help a crying child becase they choose to live by higher calues such as altruis. In this scenaruo, Dennis's explanation is reflective of the ___approach to psychology.
Humanistic
Which of the following is a disadvantage of the trichromatic theory of color vision?
It fails to adequately explain afterimages
The ___ system is the body's electrochemical communication circuitry.
Nervous
____ inhabits the firing of neurons in the central nervous system, but it excites the heart muscle
Norepinephrine
Which of the following theories of vision can best explain the occurance of afterimages (i.e sensations that remain after a stimulus is removed)?
Opponent process theory
If a psychologist studies about the behavioral differences between people from two different religions, he or she is more likely following the ___ approach to psychology.
Sociocultural
Which of the following is a function of the myelin sheath?
Speed up the transmission of nerve impulses
______ refers to individuals' understanding that they and others think, feel, perceive, adn have private experiences.
Theory of mind
Salivating at the presentation of food is an example of
a reflex
William James described the mind as
a stream of consciousness that consists of a continuous flow of changing sensations, images, thoughts, and feelings
Research suggests that the decline in memory is due to an ____ deficiency in this individual's brain. (Alzheimer disease)
acetylchonline
Losing one's sense of self consciousness and hallucinating specifically during the use of drugs exemplifies
altered states of consciousness
Which of the following components are essential to the definition of counsciousness
awareness and arousal
The term plasticity refers to the
brains special capacity for modification and change
The biological cycle that regulates our patteren of sleep is called
circadian rhythm
Frank buys a new smartphone and tries exploring the phone's features as soon as he reaches home. While doing so, he fails to hear the doorbell, which has been ringing for five minutes. This illustrates the concept of
controlled process
Altered states of consciousness can be produced by
fatigue
According to evoutionary psychologists...
human behavior is traceable to problems early humans faced in adaping to their environments
It is near the end of the month and Cindy has several bill yet to pay, but she does not have much money left. She spends most of the day thinking how she is going to make the payments. Later, while watching TV, she finds a solution to her problem. Cindy is demonstrating
incubation
Acetylcholine is a neruotransmitter that plays an important role in
learning and memory
In Pavolv's classic study on classical conditioning, teh bell was the ___ before conditioning and the ___ after conditioning had occured
neural stimulus/ conditioned stimulus
The ___ theory states that cells in the visual system respind to the complementary pairs of red-green and blue-yellow colors; a given cell might be excited by red and inhibited by green, whereas another cell might be excited by yellow and inhibited by blue
opponent-process
Jennifer accidentally plays a radio channel that she has never heard before. She loves the music it plays and as a result, she plays olny that channel whenever she wants to listen to music. In the context of operant conditioning, Jennifer's behavior has most likely been learned through
positive reinforcement
Awareness and arousal are associated with different parts of the brain. Awareness involves the ___, whereas arousal is determined by the ___.
prefrontal cortex/reticular activation system
The process by which a stimulus or event following a particular behavior increases the probability that the behavior will happen again is called
reinforcement
Resting potential is the
stable, negative charge of an inactive neruron
While attending a lecture, Katie starts yawning and fights hard to stay awake. She reclines in her chair and within minuntes she falls asleep with her head jerking upward at short intervals. Katie is in
stage n1 sleep
Sleep spindles arer defining characteristic of ______ sleep.
stage n2
In operant conditioning,
the consequences of behavior produce change in the probability of the occurance of the behavior
Psychologists who examine learning from a behavioral perspective define learning as
the relatively stable, observable changes in a persons actions
Before the bell was ever presented, Pavlov's dog salivated each time food was presented. In this situation, salivation is the
unconditioned response
In Pavlov's experiment, the dog automatically salivated to food because food is an
unconditioned stimulus
