Psychology exam 2

Tim has suffered from antisocial personality disorder for as long as he can remember. At what age did he likely develop the disorder?

8

Psychoanalyst is most likely to view patient transference as

A potential aid to the patient in developing insight

A consistent tendency to be shy is best described as

A trait

Tom tells his therapist that his girlfriend undermines his ability to make his own decisions. The therapist acknowledges Tom's apparent frustration and irritation and ask him to clarify how his girlfriend's action trigger such strong feelings in him. The therapist's technique best illustrates

Active listening

Shortly after she was in a serious automobile accident in which her two-year-old daughter was killed, Amalie began to exhibit positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Fortunately, she is responding to the medication. Amalie's case illustrates ______ schizophrenia.

Acute

As compared with her husband, Jim, Jane is at an increased risk for developing a disorder that involves internalized states. Which of the following is not one of those disorders?

Alcohol use disorder

Dr. Martinez, who specializes in treating people with depression, uses techniques from several forms of therapy to treat his clients. Dr. Martinez is using

An eclectic approach

Amber is extremely afraid of rejection, so she has withdrawn from social contract. She would most likely be considered to have a(n) _____ personality disorder.

Antisocial

Dr. Harper believes that most psychological disorders originate in the brain. He uses drugs, electrical stimulation, and magnetic impulses to treat various psychological disorders. Dr. Harper uses

Biomedical therapy

Dr. Yum treats his patients with depression by prescribing antidepressants or, in more serious cases, electroconvulsive therapy. The treatment being applied by Dr. Yu is called

Biomedical therapy

Professor Bensfield emphasizes that recovery from bipolar disorder involves a continuous interplay among patients' physical reactions to mood stabilizing drugs, their positive expectations that their lives will improve, and supportive responses of patients' families and friends. The professor's emphasis best illustrates a(n) ______ approach to therapy.

Biopsychosocial

Mason's therapist teaches him to change his habit of total self blame and negative thinking, while noting behaviors for which he may be truly responsible. With these techniques, the therapist is aiming to get Mason to

Change his beliefs

Jajuan has a mild case of depression initiated by a break up with his girlfriend. Which therapy has proven to be effective in treating his condition?

Client centered therapy

Melanie's therapist suggests that when she feels anxious, she should attribute her arousal to her highly reactive nervous system and shift her attention to playing a game with her five-year-old son. This suggestion best illustrates

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Tarik's therapist is a client-centered therapist. During therapy sessions, he actively listens to Tarik's words and often responds by reflecting back both the constant and personal meaning of what Tarik seems to be saying. Tarik's therapist is

Communicating empathetic understanding

Kelley's loves to boast about her accomplishment and becomes very upset when anyone criticizes her. Kelley most clearly demonstrates

Defensive self-esteem

13-year-old Jason has mood swings in which he alternates between depression and uncontrollable behavior, often interrupting class and acting aggressively toward his classmates. According to the DSM-5, Jason would be diagnosed with

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Vince is an extravert. As compared with introverts, which of the following can be said about Vince?

Dopamine and dopamine-related neural activity will be higher in Vince's brain

Dr. Byrne is a clinical psychologist who often uses operant conditioning techniques to treat her clients. She also encourages them to modify their thought patterns, and on occasion she interprets their transference behaviors. Dr. Byrne's therapeutic approach would best be described as

Eclectic

As a result of his impulsiveness, Marshall has had several run-ins with teachers and law enforcement. According to Freud, Marshall's ____ is being overwhelmed by the desires of the _____.

Ego; ID

Thomas has been diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. He is most likely to show lower

Emotional intelligence

Talon tells his client centered-therapist about his frustration with the dating scene and his inability to meet a person with whom he can develop a serious relationship with. Talon's therapist says," i'm hearing that you are lonely and you are wondering how you can go about meeting someone who is right for you." Talon's therapist's response demonstrates his use of

Empathy

Social-cognitive theories are least likely to be critiqued for neglecting the importance of

Environmental influences

James fears flying. His wife tells him that his fear is rooted and his biological predisposition to fear confinement and heights. Which theoretical perspective does she likely agree with?

Evolutionary

Abigail was generally outgoing and friendly. As a teen, she has numerous friends. As an adult, her social circle continued to grow. She seemed to make friends wherever she went. In late adulthood, Abigail will probably score high on the Big Five factor of

Extraversion

A test is empirically derived if it depends on anecdotal evidence.

False

In psychoanalytic theory, defense mechanism are the superego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality.

False

The id operates on reality principles.

False

To help Mrs. Otsuki lose weight, her therapist first attempted to assess whether her weight loss might be personally threatening to her husband. The therapist concern is most characteristic of

Family therapy

Joshua has a Predisposition for aggressive behavior. As a child, he was physically abused and lived in a neighborhood in which a lot of violent gangs roamed the streets. By the time Josh was 18 he had been arrested multiple times for aggressive actions against other teams. Josh was Aggressive behavior is a result of

Gene-environmental interactions

When 2-year-old Matthew was told he would get no dessert until he finished the food on his plate, he threw his plate on the floor in a temper tantrum. Freud would have suggested that Matthew was unable to resist the demands of his

ID

As compared to his wife, Jane, Jim is at an increased risk for developing a disorder that involves external symptoms. Which of the following is not one of those disorders?

Inhabited sexual desire

Ron reported dreaming that he was attacked by a large dog. His psychoanalyst suggested that the dog symbolically represented Ron's father, who sometimes mistreated him as a child. The analyst's suggestion best illustrates the practice of

Interpretation

Xanax would most likely be prescribed in order to help

Jerome overcome feelings of nervous apprehension and an inability to relax.

Toni's therapist tells her that the anxiety she is experiencing in social and romantic situations come from her unfulfilled childhood desire for live and security because her mother abandoned her when she was 5 years old. Toni's therapist's statement reflects the views of

Karen Horney

Dr. Zytowics wants to assess the extent to which a client is suffering from depression, social withdrawal, and other symptoms of an emotional disorder. Which personality inventory would be most helpful for this purpose?

MMPI

Which of the following individuals is most likely to benefit from Ativan?

Mary, who is being treated with systematic desensitization to overcome a fear of flying

Tamika tends to blog about negative emotions and events in her life. Tamika is likely high in which big five traits?

Neuroticism

Chelsea worries constantly that her son will be infected with germs when someone touches him. She has developed elaborate handwashing rituals so that she won't infect him, and she will not allow others to hold, talk, or play with him unless she can supervise as they wash their hands with a "special" soap. Chelsea is suffering from

Obsessive compulsive disorder

Brit is 15-months-old and is on a serious mission to explore his surroundings. His mother is concerned about his exploration of their home because she has noticed that he seems to put everything in his mouth. He bites, chews, and suck on objects. According to Freud, Brit is in the ____ stage of development.

Oral

Social-cognitive theorist would suggest that the best way to predict a political candidate's performance effectiveness after election is to assess thy individual's

Past performance in situations involving similar responsibilities

Lupe, who has reached Maslow's self-actualization level, had recently been moved by spiritual experiences that are beyond normal consciousness. Maslow referred to these as

Peak experiences

Carla has worked as a human resources specialist for several years, but she doesn't really like the job. She almost always feels slightly down and sad, which is a characteristic of a psychological disorder called

Persistent depressive disorder

The first person to promote "moral treatment" for psychological disorders, instead of the brutal treatments used during this time, was

Philippe Pinel

Jamel believes that his instructors are plotting to capture him and steal his brain. He hears voices telling him that he needs to leave school and go to the Arctic to hide. Jamall, who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia and has been admitted to a psychiatric ward of the University Hospital, is demonstrating

Positive symptoms

Psychological disorders can be overcome with techniques such as counterconditioning are most likely to be treated with

Psychotherapy

Treatment involving psychological techniques designed to assist someone to overcome a psychological disorder such as a phobia would generally be best described as

Psychotherapy

According to Freud, when early experiences result in unresolved conflicts and frustrated urges, these emotional charged memories are _______ but can continue to influence a persons thoughts and behaviors

Repressed

Sheldon has a great deal of confidence in his ability to succeed at most new athletic endeavors. Sheldon is demonstrating

Self-efficacy

Janice suffers from depression and has started jogging daily. She's hoping this will reduce her depression. It may, considering that repetitive physical activity increases

Serotonin

Maddie is a personality theorist who believes that our individual traits and thoughts interact with our social world as we move from one situation to another. Maddie is most likely to agree with which of the following perspectives of personality?

Social-cognitive perspective

Which of the following people are least likely to develop PTSD?

Stan, who experienced a mugging but had no history of PTSD in his family

________, which are often unconscious, and implicit prejudice can automatically influence how people see those from other racial backgrounds, religions, and sexual orientations.

Stereotypes

A rape victim may experience a panic attack when they see anyone wearing a coat that resembles the one worn by her attacker. This reaction best illustrates the process of

Stimulus generealization

Armand's parents won't let him go to a friend's house because of the lack of parental supervision. Armand's decides to sneak out of the house to attend the party. After climbing out of his bedroom window he feels extremely guilty and returns to his room. According to Freud, the feelings of guilt come from his

Superego

Mr. Vogt is terribly afraid of being alone in his own house at night. The behavior therapy most likely to be used to reduce his fear would be

Systematic desensitization

Rusty is a heavy drinker who overestimates the extent to which other people also engage in heavy drinking. Rusty's overestimate best illustrates

The false consensus effect

Because she mistakenly thought that completing a diagnostic test was a therapeutic treatment for her anxiety disorder, Mrs. Shyam felt considerable relief for several weeks following the test. Mrs. Shyam's reaction best illustrates

The placebo effect

After several sessions, Sophia has not developed a trusting relationship with her therapist. She is frustrated because the therapist is more interested in telling her how she should think and feel rather than listening to her express her emotional concerns. Sophia and her therapist have not developed a(n)

Therapeutic alliance

Connie is a 22-year-old who is stressed by the financial challenges and heavy workload associated with being a full-time college student. Which of the following would most likely help her avoid or minimize episodes of depression?

Therapeutic lifestyle changes

A projective test is designed to trigger projection of one's inner dynamics.

True

A trait is defined as a characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports.

True

According to Carl Rogers, unconditional positive regard is an attitude of total acceptance toward another person.

True

Carl Jung's concept of a shared inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species' history is known as the collective unconscious.

True

Humanistic theories view personality with a focus on potential for healthy personal growth.

True

Personality is defined as an individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.

True

Psychodynamic theories view personality with a focus of the unconscious and the importance of childhood experiences.

True

Most college students perceive themselves as less likely than their average classmate to decompress drinking problems. This best illustrates

Unrealistic optimism

After Anika learned that her history professor had suffered an anxiety disorder, she concluded that the professor's tendency to talk loudly was simply a way of disguising feelings of personal insecurity. This best illustrates the

biasing power of diagnostic labels

Patricia has been diagnosed with bulimia nervosa. Which of the following is a key characteristic of her eating disorder?

binge eating and purging by self-induced vomiting

The primary goal of psychoanalysis is to

bring unconscious conflicts to conscious awareness to help the person gain insight into conflicts and resolve them.

Sixteen-year-old Jill loves ice cream and other rich foods, but she has become increasingly anxious about gaining too much weight. Jill frequently overeats and then intentionally vomits in an attempt to control her weight. Jill most clearly suffers from

bulimia nervosa

Although Ethan is actually doing very well in college, he feels depressed and academically incompetent. His therapist has instructed him to explain in writing how his good grades resulted from his own hard work and personal abilities. This therapeutic procedure is most characteristic of ________ therapy.

cognitive

A refusal to believe direct and highly credible evidence that your spouse is suffering a terminal illness best illustrates

denial

According to Freud, defense mechanisms are used by the

ego to prevent threatening impulses from being consciously recognized

Adelle's feelings of unhappiness, low self-esteem, and hopelessness have become so extreme that she has attempted suicide. Which of the following treatments is likely to provide her with the quickest relief from her misery?

electroconvulsive therapy

Stressful experiences can influence gene expression and thereby increase the chances of suffering a disorder such as PTSD. This best illustrates the importance of

epigenetic effects

Sheryl is very outgoing and fun-loving. She prefers to be around other people most of the time. She most clearly ranks high on the Big Five trait dimension known as

extraversion

Field trials indicate that the DSM-5 does NOT

generate the same levels of diagnostic agreement for every different form of psychological disorder.

Corbett is typically quiet, thoughtful, and reserved. In terms of the Eysencks' basic factors, she would most clearly be classified as

introverted

After Brian loses his third job in a year, his wife tells him that she wants a divorce. Brian becomes deeply discouraged, demonstrates a loss of self-esteem, and has no energy to find a job or leave his house. He sleeps several hours a day and eats very little. Brian is suffering from

major depressive disorder

Alexis brags excessively about her good looks and frequently manipulates others in order to gain attention and boost her popularity. Her behavior most clearly illustrates

narcissism

Professor Solera studies personality disorders and is most interested in people who are self-focused and exaggerate their own importance. Professor Solera is studying people with ________ personality disorder.

narcissistic

Omar is so preoccupied by his fear of germs that he always keeps his car and apartment windows sealed tightly, he refuses to allow anyone into his apartment, he carries his own silverware for whenever he eats away from home, and he washes his hands every time he touches anything that has been touched by someone else. Omar would most likely be diagnosed with

obsessive compulsive disorder

Mr. Quinones, a fifth-grade teacher, gives a blue plastic star to each student who achieves a high score on a math or spelling test. At the end of the semester, students can exchange their stars for prizes. Mr. Quinones' strategy illustrates an application of

operant conditioning

Dana has experienced a number of unpredictable short periods in which she suddenly feels terrified and thinks she is going to faint. Dana is most likely to be suffering from

panic disorder

Mary enjoys socializing with friends and talking with them on her cell phone. Eileen prefers quiet times by herself when she can reflect on her own thoughts. The characteristics of Mary and Eileen indicate that each has a distinctive

personality

Mr. Gotanda mistakenly believed that a single intake interview in which he simply described his numerous symptoms to a therapist was a treatment for his distress. His immediate relief from many of his symptoms following this session best illustrates

placebo effect

Alexis is socially withdrawn and has few close friends. This behavior is most likely to be diagnosed as a symptom of psychological disorder if it is

preventing her from functioning effectively

A therapist thinks that Jordan would be much less agitated and ineffective at work if he could recognize his own conflicting feelings of respect for and irritation toward his workplace supervisor. The therapist's belief best illustrates the ________ perspective.

psychodynamic

A therapist wants to help Hannah recognize her mixed feelings of fear and love for her husband and to realize that she often experienced similar feelings for her brothers during her childhood. The therapist's goal is most clearly consistent with the aims of

psychodynamic therapy

Tonys episodes of depression have not been relieved by antidepressant drugs or psychotherapy. If physicians decide, as a last resort, to administer the safe and least invasive brain stimulation therapy to treat Tony, they would recommend

rTMS

Four-year-old Timmy had not wet his bed for over a year. However, he started bed-wetting again soon after his sister was born. Timmy's behavior best illustrates

regression

Jabar, a 25-year-old auto mechanic, thinks he is Napoleon. He further believes he is being imprisoned against his will in the psychiatric hospital where his relatives have brought him for treatment. Jabar is most likely suffering from

schizophrenia

Mr. Kalish, a long-term government employee, falsely believed that his supervisor was a communist agent who was putting poison in the employees' coffee. When Mr. Kalish was referred to a psychiatrist, he claimed to be the grandson of Abraham Lincoln. Mr. Kalish is most likely suffering from

schizophrenia

Flat affect and catatonia are symptoms most closely associated with

schizophrenia with negative symptoms

An incapacitating and highly distressing fear about being embarrassed in the presence of others is most characteristic of

social anxiety disorder

Jeremy experiences so much anxiety about taking the elevator that he climbs 10 flights of stairs to get to his office each workday. Jeremy appears to suffer from

specific phobia

No matter how long and hard Lerae studies, she always feels she hasn't studied as much as she should have. A Freudian psychologist would suggest that Lerae shows signs of a

strong superego

Freud is to psychoanalytic theory as Allport is to ________ theory.

trait