Psychology Exam 4
Maggie is always coming up with different ideas and unique ways to solve problems. Because of her divergent type of thinking, many people call her ___.
Creative
___ is the ability to generate unique ideas and novel solutions.
Creativity
Generating unusual, yet appropriate solutions, is an example of what type of thinking?
Divergent
Since ___ act as a link between events in our environment and our responses, they help prepare us for action.
Emotions
___ are feelings that generally have both physiological and cognitive elements while also influencing behavior.
Emotions
Which is the third in the three steps of problem solving?
Evaluation
The idea that facial expressions help determine how people experience and label emotions is know as the ___-___ hypothesis.
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
When forced to smile people feel happier than when they are forced to frown. This is consistent with what approach to emotion.
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
True or False: Creativity is strongly related to intelligence in that highly intelligent people are more creative than less intelligent people.
False
When someone is unable to think about using an object in different ways, the he or she might be described as displaying ____.
Functional Fixedness
A shortcut that may lead to a solution, but that does not guarantee a solution, is a(n) ___.
Heuristic
Koehler watched as a chimpanzee suddenly realized how to get a banana that was out of reach. He described this type of problem solving as ___.
Insight
You do very well in a track meet, but notice the anger and frustration in the eyes of the people you beat. You do not express your pride in your accomplishment. In this case, their emotion is helping you to...
Interact more effectively with those who did not do as well as you did
The Schachter-Singer Theory suggests that emotion is the result of the ___ of non-specific arousal based on environmental cues.
Interpretation
Cognitive psychology is the study of...
Thought, Language, Memory, and Reasoning
the difference between well-defined and ill-defined problems is that, for ill-defined problems, the information necessary to solve them is...
Unclear and Unavailable
By studying New Guineans, the psychologist Paul Ekman showed how emotions are ___ across cultures.
Universal
Transformation problems involve figuring out how to do something...
Using a specific set of rules and instructions
It has been suggested that for every major emotion there is an accompanying psychological or "gut" reaction of internal organs call the ___ experience.
Visceral
Thinking may involve...
Visual images and data in any sensory modality
When should you solve arrangement problems?
When all of the pieces fall into place
The tendency to focus only on information that supports your opinion is called the ___ bias.
Confirmation
Paul tends to solve problems using logic and his experience. In other words, he typically uses ___ to solve problems.
Convergent Thinking
The ability to produce responses that are based primarily on knowledge and logic is known as...
Convergent Thinking
If you see a sharp object and immediately classify it as a weapon, you have used ___ to classify this new object.
A Concept
Some representation in the mind of an object or event. Can be auditory as well as visual.
A Mental Image
What type of problem is the following: What is the next letter in the sequence, ab-bb-cb-db-___?
A problem of inducing structure
The James-Lang theory of emotion suggests that emotions are:
A reaction to changing psychological states
A procedure that guarantees a solution is a(n) ___.
Algorithm
You have a recipe for chocolate cake but no banana pudding. If you want to make banana pudding you need to develop a new...
Algoritm
The ___ heuristic is a cognitive shortcut in which the probability of something is judged based on how easily one can recall similar events.
Availability
Thinking that a plane crash is more likely than a car crash because you can easily remember dramatic images of plane crashes on TV is an example of what cognitive shortcut?
Availability Heuristic
A cauterization of objects that have common properties is a ___.
Concept
What are some strategies to increase both critical thinking and creativity?
Make subgoals, Use divergent thinking, and Consider the opposite approach
___ ___ involves repeated tests for differences between the desired out come and what currently exists.
Means-ends Analysis
The tendency for old patterns of problem solving to persist is known as...
Mental Set
There is ___ correlation between intelligence and creativity.
No
When confronting and ill-foremed problem, it is important to avoid ___ when selecting how to solve the problem.
Personal Bias
What are the functions that emotions play in our daily lives?
Preparing us for action, Helping us interact more effectively with others, and shaping our future behavior
When asked to think of a "dog," most people think of a Labrador Retriever. In other words this breed serves as a(n) ___ for dog.
Prototype
Algorithms and heuristics both...
Provide solutions to problems
Felicity sees many similarities between Patricia and Patrick, and so treats them the same way. In other words the ___ heuristic seems to be guiding her actions.
Representativeness
The ___ heuristic is a cognitive shortcut in which people judge things based on their similarity to other things.
Representativeness
People told that they have a one in ten chance of dying if they have a given surgery are less likely to undergo that procedure than if they are told that they have a nine in ten chance of surviving. This illustrates the importunities of how problems are ___ in determining how people react to them.
Represented
The finding that people turn to the environment and the behavior of others for an explanation of the psychological arousal they are expecting is central to which theory of emotion?
Schachter-Singer Theory
It is hard, if not impossible, to distinguish between the brain's response to a mental representation and...
The real thing