psychology final

Psychologists use the term (1)____________ to refer to a positive or negative reaction to any person, object or idea. The processing of changing (1)_________ is called (2)____________. (1) Attitude; (2) Persuasion (1) Attribution; (2) Classical Conditioning (1) Autonomy; (2) Reactancy theory (1) Schema; (2) Self-presentation theory

(1) Attitude; (2) Persuasion

Ethics refers to the correct rules of conduct necessary when carrying out research. We have a moral responsibility to protect research participants from harm. The purpose of ____________is to remove any misconceptions and anxieties that the participants have about the research and to leave them with a sense of dignity, knowledge, and a perception that their time was not wasted. Informed consent Debriefing Deception Respect for persons

Debriefing

A large group of people gather outside a corporation for a peaceful protest. Suddenly, a few people begin shoving each other and violence erupts. David, a normally peaceful and gentle natured person, finds himself participating in the shoving match. What psychological condition is likely to have led to David's behavior? Social loafing Groupthink Deinviduation Social facilitation

Deinviduation

You are consistently late to your psychology class, because the biology class you have immediately before it is in a building on the other side of campus. You are concerned that your professor does not think you are a serious student because of your chronic tardiness. If this were true, what type of attribution would your professor be making about your behavior? Dispositional External Motivational situational

Dispositional

Cognitive dissonance refers to exposing people to a small dose of the argument against their position to bolster resistance against counterattitudinal messages. True False

False

Ethnicity is defined as a group of people who perceive themselves and are perceived by others as possessing distinctive hereditary traits. True or False?

False

Ming is from China, Jason is from the United State. Both participate in an experiment in which they take a test, are given feedback and told that they did very well. They are then asked to make attributions for their performance. Based on cross-cultural research on the self-serving bias, you would expect that Ming, but not Jason, will say that he succeeded due to his high ability. True False

False

Taking into consideration the social roles of women, attitudes towards LGBTQIA community, the explicit endorsement of stereotypes of people of color between 1970 and 2010, and the inauguration of the first phenotypical-looking black president in the U.S. , one could argue that stereotypes have become more negative over time. True or False?

False

The Glass Ceiling effect best demonstrates institutional level of discrimination. True or False?

False

Based on research where participants were asked to select a pen to sign their names, they found that Americans chose the unique color pen, and Asians chose the common color pen. The researchers concluded that Americans tend to be more ____________ than Asians. Independent Interdependent Distinctive Intradependent

Independent

Which of the following is the best example of groupthink? Sally enthusiastically presents a new software program to her employees at the monthly meeting and asks for their feedback. She notes that a decision needs to be made within the hour. One employee voices strong support and quickly the others follow suit. Lauren, the captain of the cheerleading squad, shows her fellow teammate three designs for their new uniforms. She asks the women to take a day or two to consider the new ideas and tell them that they will vote on the uniform design, Henry is a juror in a murder trial. During deliberation, the 11 other jurors indicate that the defendant is guilty. Henry stubbornly refuses to vote "guilty" ad explains his reasoning over and over until her convinces everyone else. In the end the defendant is found not guilty. Jake, the team leader, always has someone to play the "devil's advocate" in project planning meetings.

Sally enthusiastically presents a new software program to her employees at the monthly meeting and asks for their feedback. She notes that a decision needs to be made within the hour. One employee voices strong support and quickly the others follow suit.

Rob is definitely not the most attractive guy in the dorms, but he is extremely confident about who he is and how he looks. He is convinced that most women find him to be very attractive and he in fact usually gets dates with women who are much more attractive than he is. What is the best explanation of Rob's success? Representativeness heuristic Self-affirmation theory Self-esteem maintenance theory Self-fulfilling prophecy

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Alexi Santana entered Princeton University as a member of the class of 1993, was extraordinarily popular, and told stories of his fascinating and accomplished past. In reality, Alexi was James Hogue, an ex-convict who had filed a fraudulent application to get into Princeton. This is an extreme example of Self-deceit Self-handicapping Self-monitoring Self-presentation

Self-presentation

A female scientist joins an all-male faculty at a college. What attribute is almost certain to be included in the female scientist's self-definition when she is at work? She is a scientist She is intelligent She is a woman She is a professor

She is a woman

Jozmell, Christina, Jordan, and Melissa have been assigned to complete a group project for a class. Over the three weeks during which they developed and completed the project, Jozmell, Christina, and Jordan did most of the work. Melissa missed meetings, turned in inferior summaries of her assigned readings, and was quiet during brainstorming sessions. On the day of the project presentation, Melissa did a good job delivering her part of the presentation. For most of the project, Melissa was engaging in which of the following group processes? Deinviduation Group polarization Groupthink Social loafing

Social loafing

In the military, soldiers are asked to wear matching uniforms and to have similar hairstyles. In what way would this uniform appearance encourage deindividuation? Soldiers will feel more anonymous and less self-aware Soldiers will feel pride in their organizational membership By feeling a sense of group belonging, the soldiers will develop more trust Soldiers will internalize being a soldier into their self-concept

Soldiers will feel more anonymous and less self-aware

One reason professors tend to talk so much about themselves during lecture according to research suggested by the self-reference effect is that people Tend to associate themselves with positive outcomes and dissociate themselves from negative outcomes Tend to better remember information that is integrated into their self-knowledge structure Tend to find self-relevant links to even non personal information Tend to forget what others tell them about themselves.

Tend to better remember information that is integrated into their self-knowledge structure

A/an ______________________ is an integrated set of principles that can explain and predict observed events. Correlation Hypothesis Theory empiricism

Theory

Whether a student will actually undergo body piercing to wear a "belly button ring" is best predicted by the ______________. Cognitive Dissonance Theory Theory of Planned Behavior Yale Attitude Change Approach Elaboration Likelihood Model

Theory of Planned Behavior

A certain student, Jake falls asleep every chemistry class. Suppose further that Jake is the only one who falls asleep in this class and he falls asleep in all of his other classes. According to Kelley's covariation theory of attribution, people will explain his behavior as something unusual about Jake because his behavior is low in consensus, low in distinction, and high in consistency. True False

True

All of the following explain social loafing: diffusion of responsibility, free rider effect, and sucker effect True False

True

Deindividuation leads to lower accountability and increases obedience to local social or group norms True False

True

Favoring our own group when making attributions is a consequence of social categorization known as the Ultimate Attribution Error. True or False?

True

Gender refers to the socially defined roles expected of male and female human beings. True or False?

True

Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group True False

True

Instead of studying the weekend before the test, Steven goes to the skiing trip. He gets a D on the test and says "he failed because he went on the ski trip" This is an example of learned helplessness. True False

True

Research by Early (1987) and Glick (2002) show that men and women are perceived as either agent/communal or warm/competent. True or False?

True

Stereotypes function to minimize cognitive processing, confirm social biases, maintain or restore self-esteem, and legitimize status quo. True or False?

True

The result of the Correll shooter effect study showed that participants were more likely to shoot the African American with a non-weapon than a white with a non-weapon. True or False?

True

According to research on groupthink, one disadvantage of a strong and directive leader is that he or she may Paralyze a group by encouraging never ending discussion of the pros and cons of every decision Demoralize group members by preventing them from making independent decision Unknowingly encourage group members to engage in self-censorship none of the above

Unknowingly encourage group members to engage in self-censorship

Mary wants to find out whether eating sugary snacks before an exam leads to better performance on the exam. Which of the following strategies would answer her question most conclusively? Identify a large number of students who perform exceptionally low and exceptionally high in exams, ask them whether they eat sugary snack before exams and see whether high performers eat more sugary snacks before exams than low performers Wait for exam time in a big class, ask everyone whether they ate sugary snacks before the exam, and see whether those who ate sugary snacks do better compared to those who didn't Wait for exam time in a big class, give a random half of students M&Ms before exam and see whether the students who ate M&Ms perform better. Pick a big class, give all students sugary snacks before one exam and salty snacks before the next exam, then see whether students score lower on the second exam

Wait for exam time in a big class, give a random half of students M&Ms before exam and see whether the students who ate M&Ms perform better.

According to the mere exposure theory, the distraction of another person has an effect on our behavior because The self-consciousness we feel around other people is distracting We are physiologically aroused because our attention is split between the other person and the task at hand We are evolutionary wired to anticipate a conflict with the other person We become self-aware and experience spotlight effect

We become self-aware and experience spotlight effect

Social facilitation is the idea that you will likely do _____ on a simple task and ____ on a more complex task when other people are watching you, according to Zajonc. Moderately; well Poorly; moderately Poorly; well Well; poorly

Well; poorly

In the Stanley Milgram experiment, participants were assigned the role of learner or teacher. 63 percent of the participants administered extreme shocks to their partner (the learner) even when the partner screamed "Let me out! Let me out! My heart hurts!" simply because the experimenter told the participant "Please Continue". In the study, the independent variable of the experiment was the degree of physical immediacy of an authority and the dependent variable was rate of compliance. So the study found: a. The closer the authority was, the more the compliance of the teacher. b. The closer the learner was to the teacher, the more shocks the learner received. c. The closer the learner was to the teacher, the more words the learner got correct d. The closer the teacher was, the more compliance of the learner.

a. The closer the authority was, the more the compliance of the teacher.

Claude Steele and his colleagues conducted a study in which black and white students took a test that was described as being diagnostic of intelligence. Half of these students indicated their race on a demographic form immediately before the test ad the other half did not. According to the logic of stereotype threat theory, what is the most likely consequence of this subtle manipulation? a. black students did not do as well on the test as white students, when race was primed. b. white students did worse on the test than black students, when race was primed. c. black students did worse on the test because it was described as being diagnostic. d. black students did better than hate students, when race was primed.

a. black students did not do as well on the test as white students, when race was primed.

Billy was born and raised in Somerville, U.S.A., where there are very few instances of crime and very few immigrants. On the news one night, Billy hears a story about a Russian immigrant who robbed a local jewelry store. Billy now assumes that Russian immigrants are thieves. This may be a consequence of __________. a. illusory correlation b. in-group bias c. outgrip homogeneity effect d. prejudice against immigrants

a. illusory correlation

In Asch's line judgment study and other follow-up studies, results indicate that as the number of group members increases, conformity: a. increases until around 3 or 4 others, then levels out b. increases linearly (the more people present, the higher percentage of conformity) c. increases with one other person present, then levels out d. decreases linearly

a. increases until around 3 or 4 others, then levels out

You are in middle school, and your parents have given you a curfew. They direct you to be home by 10pm, and you do so. Your behavior is an example of: a. obedience b. conformity c. compliance d. persuasion

a. obedience

According to the tripartite model (ABC) of racial bias, intergroup emotions correspond to: a. prejudice b. stereotyping c. discrimination d. all of the above

a. prejudice

n estimating the percentage of crimes committed in the United States, we often ignore useful information such as the number of cases that are settled out of court and accentuate cases that are less representative but more flashy and vivid. This phenomenon is known as the anchoring and adjustment heuristic availability heuristic confirmation bias representative heuristic

availability heuristic

An important distinction between Asch's experiment in which participants judged the length of lines and Sherif's experiment in which participants judged the movement of light was that a. Asch's participants were older than were Sherif's b. There was an obvious answer in judging lines but not so in judging movement of light c. Asch's participants made judgments private whereas Sherif participants made judgment publicly. d. Asch's participants were all male and Sherif's participants were female.

b. There was an obvious answer in judging lines but not so in judging movement of light

Believing that "women with blonde hair are dumb" is an example of __________, while refusing to hire a women with blonde hair is an example of __________. a. prejudice; a stereotype b. a stereotype; discrimination c. discrimination; a stereotype d. discrimination; prejudice

b. a stereotype; discrimination

Steve believes that society should be organized hierarchal by group. Which of the following constructs best fits his ideology? a. right wing authoritarianism b. system justification c. social dominance orientation d. realistic group conflict

c. social dominance orientation

Although women conform only slightly more than men, Alice Eagly and Wendy Wood believe that gender differences in conformity are a product of: a. women being more socially sensitive and empathic b. men having a higher need for achievement c. the social roles men and women have typically occupied d. women having a higher need for social approval

c. the social roles men and women have typically occupied

Which of the following is correct? a. Social norms are the same in all cultures b. Informational social influence is based on social norms c. Social norms are the same as stereotypes d. Normative social influence is the desire to conform to gain approval from others

d. Normative social influence is the desire to conform to gain approval from others

The effect of group size on conformity has been explained by _____________ theory. a. Cognitive dissonance b. Social norm c. Psychological reactance d. Social impact

d. Social impact

Research on ambivalent sexism has shown that: a. some people are not sure whether they are sexist b. having an ambivalent attitude toward women (both positive and negative) leads to the strongest discrimination. c. hostile sexism - the traditional form of sexism - the only kind that leads to discrimination. d. discrimination can result from objectively positive, but patronizing attitudes towards women.

d. discrimination can result from objectively positive, but patronizing attitudes towards women.

Everyone at a certain university calls the cafeteria "Deka" (or "Daka"). You think this is a silly custom, but you conform anyway to avoid being laughed at. This is an example of ___________ conformity, and your new behavior signals ________ compliance. a. informational; private b. informational; public c. normative; private d. normative; public

d. normative; public

Conformity is reduced in all of these circumstances except: a. when suffering of victims is made salient b. when others take personal responsibility for the outcomes c. when others model disobedience d. when others do not question the motives

d. when others do not question the motives

Muzafer Sherif and Carolyn Sherif believed that __________ would reduce prejudice behavior. a. having equal status b. sharing background c. talking out differences d. working together to solve a common problem

d. working together to solve a common problem.

Suppose a psychologist decides to join a local commune to understand and observe its members' social interactions. This would be a type of _______________. applied research cross-cultural research Ethnography Meta-analysis

ethnography

True or False? Compliance is a change of behavior or belief as a result of real or imaged group pressure.

false

According to your text, state self-esteem tends to be a stable part of identity, and trait self-esteem changes according to different contextual factors True False

false, state self esteem depends on the state you're in. it is not stable

The ___________ in the Harlow Attachment study were "The baby will spend more time with the mother who has food" and "The baby will spend more time with the mother that is comfortable". Hypotheses research methods scientific methods theories

hypothesis

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of groupthink? perceiving the group as invulnerable or invincible—believing it can do no wrong believing the group is morally correct self-censorship by group members, such as withholding information to avoid disrupting the group consensus listening to a dissenting group members' opinions

listening to a dissenting group members' opinions

Your friend Jane is interning at a law firm. When you ask her how it is going, she says, "Fine, I'm doing much better than the intern who started a month after me." Jane is _________. making an upward social comparison making a downward social comparison social tuning using self-presentation strategies.

making a downward social comparison

In Stop Sign Behavior study, a researcher categorized 3 behaviors: full stop, partial stop, and no stop. She recorded how many cars stopped and noted the time of day and the presence of absence of a cop, crossing guard, or pedestrian. This study allowed us to describe stop sign behavior but was unable to help us predict the behavior in the future. Based on this description, this study was most likely a/an ___________ study. Correlational ethnographic Experimental Observational

observational

Carlos had a horrible day. His cat died, and he had a terrible fight with his best friend. When he went to the bookstore to buy a book he needed for class the next day, he found that it was sold out. He slammed his fist down on the counter and responded very angrily to the store clerk. As he left, the store clerk said to herself, "What a jerk!" The store clerk was clearly demonstrating the fundamental attribution error motivated cognition self-fulfilling prophecy a dispositional fallacy

the fundamental attribution error

Suppose a researcher found a strong negative correlation between college students grade point average (GPA) and the amount of alcohol they drink. Which of the following is the best conclusion from this study? Students with high GPA study more and thus have less time to drink. Drinking a lot of alcohol interferes with studying. the more alcohol students drink, the lower their GPAs the higher a student GPA, the more he or she drinks

the more alcohol students drink, the lower their GPAs

When two variables are correlated, we cannot conclude that one of these variables is causing the other. Why not? correlation strength is impossible to measure accurately random assignment to control groups prevents us from drawing causal conclusions the possibility of a third-variable the study was not a double-blind procedure

the possibility of a third-variable

In a now-famous study, Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968) found that randomly selected first grade students experienced a spurt in IQ score largely as a result of increased parental involvement and support their teachers' elevated expectations intensified academic training educational strategies that raised their self-esteem

their teachers' elevated expectations

According to self-awareness theory, when people focus on themselves, they evaluate and compare their current behavior to their internal standards and values. They think about the reasons for their attitudes they assume their attitudes match the reasons that are plausible and easy to verbalize. This refers to knowing ourselves _____________ through culture differences in defining the self through gender differences in defining the self through a process of introspection through observing our own behavior

through a process of introspection

True or False? In Asch's study of conformity involving the length of lines, 76% of participants conformed on at least one trial.

true

True or False? Jane Elliot's study of brown eyes and blue eyes demonstrates that prejudice is learned and encouraged by informational social influence.

true

True or False? People are more likely to voice their convictions if one other person has done so.

true

The psychology department at a college is trying to decide whether to take a chance and hire Dr. Amanda Cole. Amanda is young and inexperienced, but she is enthusiastic and very well-liked by her students. Every member of the department is initially leaning toward taking the chance and hiring Amanda. According to group polarization, a meeting to discuss the issue is likely to have what result? A discussion will reinforce the initial views because professor will hear novel arguments in favor of hiring Amanda A discussion will allow Amanda's strengths and weaknesses to be fairly discussed and the department will be able to reach a reasoned conclusion Face to face discussions will result in group polarization but a discussion conducted by exchanging emails will prevent group polarization A discussion will moderate the initial views because some professors may voice their concerns with respect to hiring Amanda.

A discussion will reinforce the initial views because professor will hear novel arguments in favor of hiring Amanda

Amanda conducts a study and gets a correlation of -.87, p=.01. Amanda should conclude: A strong, positive and significant relationship A strong, negative, and significant relationship A weak, positive, and nonsignificant relationship A weak, negative, and nonsignificant relationship.

A weak, negative, and nonsignificant relationship.

Niles is the slowest member of his relay team. He happens to be faster than the fastest team member on the other 3 teams. His group will likely perform better than if he were to run against his team members. This is an example of a Additive task Compensatory task Conjunctive task Discretionary task

Additive task

What explanation does social comparison theory give for group polarization? People compare their views to others and conform to the group's inclination in order to be accepted An individual will strengthen his or her initial attitude in order to seem more risky or more conservative than the other people in the group Changing one's opinion to be contrary to that of the social reference group boost self-esteem People compare their views to others and conform to the group's inclination because they believe others are correct in their judgments.

An individual will strengthen his or her initial attitude in order to seem more risky or more conservative than the other people in the group

Richard Petty and John Cacioppo's Elaboration Likelihood Model proposes two routes to attitude change. They are called Central and Peripheral Heuristics and Systems Implicit and Explicit Primacy and Recency

Central and Peripheral

In what is typically regarded as the FIRST social psychological EXPERIMENT, Triplett (1898) found which of the following social facilitation results? Children reeled in a fishing line faster when in the presence of another child engaged in the same activity than when alone Children reeled in a fishing line more slowly when in the presence of another child engaged in the same activity than when alone All bicyclists recorded faster times when in direct competition with one another, as opposed to competing alone on the track against the clock. Children reeled in a fishing line faster in the presence of an adult engaged in the same activity than when alone

Children reeled in a fishing line faster when in the presence of another child engaged in the same activity than when alone

using your knowledge of deindividuation, what do you think Diener and his colleagues conducted a study in 1976 on trick-or-treating on Halloween night? Children who were in a group and not identified took more candy than they were allowed, compared with children who were alone and identified Children in costumes that covered their faces were more likely to steal money than children whose faces could be seen Children who were identified by name by the experimenter behaved in a more individual manner Children who were in a group and not identified took more candy than they were allowed, but only when they were with other children who were alone and could be identified.

Children who were in a group and not identified took more candy than they were allowed, compared with children who were alone and identified

According to social psychology definition by Cartwright and Zander (1968), which is the best example of a group? Students in a large lecture hall during a social psychology class Coworkers collaborating on a team project Cousins who are meeting each other for the first time at a large family reunion Travelers on an airplane

Coworkers collaborating on a team project

Connie and her friend Izumi went out with a group of people for Japanese food and ate with chopsticks. Izumi grew up in Japan and had used chopsticks her whole life. Connie grew up in the midwestern United States and had only used chopsticks a few times. When compared with how effectively they use chopsticks in private, what will happen to Connie's and Izumi's chopstick performance when all their dinner companions are gathered around and looking on? Izumi performance will get worse, but Connie's will get better Izumi's performance will get better, but Connie's will get worse. They both will get better. There will be no change in their performance

Izumi's performance will get better, but Connie's will get worse.

At first Jimmy did not like his teacher, but after sitting in this teacher's class for a number of weeks, Jimmy started to like his teacher. This new perspective would be an example of Diffusion of responsibility Groupthink Group polarization Mere exposure effect

Mere exposure effect

Jessica, Kristin, and Michael all decide to try out to be UVA cheerleaders and all three make it. Jessica is a natural cheerleader and easily glides through the try-outs. Kristin is slightly less skilled than Jessica, but easily makes the squad. Michael, on the other hand, has very limited cheerleading experience and must put in hours of extra practice each day just to make the squad. Who is likely to enjoy being a member of the squad the most? Jessica, because of insufficient punishment Michael, because of a self-fulfilling prophecy Kristin, because of effort justification Michael, because of effort justification

Michael, because of effort justification

Suppose that Mischa has found that when she sits in the first row of discussion classes she gets a better participation grade, regardless of how much she actually participates. Her positioning in front of the teacher could have an effect on how large a role the teacher thinks Mischa has in discussion due to The teacher's use of schemas Perceptual salience The teacher's implicit personality theories The two-step process of attribution

Perceptual salience

_________set up an experiment known as the Stanford Prison experiment, where people played the role of a prison guard. The goal was to examine the role of authority. Muzafer Sherif Philip Zimbardo Solomon Asche Stanley Milgram

Philip Zimbardo

All of the following describe observational research EXCEPT Is a type of correlational research and is incapable of exploring the actual causes of behaviors Is prevalent in social research but impossible to determine if the given observation is representative of what normally occurs Involves direct observation of phenomena in their natural setting Requires experimental manipulations

Requires experimental manipulations

Sherif (1935) relied on the autokinetic effect to study the effects of ambiguous situations on informational social influence. Participants came into the lab and were asked to estimate how far a light moved. They did this either alone or with three other people. In this experiment, what was the independent variable? What was the dependent variable? a. auto-kinetic effect; informational social influence b. estimation of how far the light moved; the number of people making the estimation c. the number of people making the estimation; estimation of how far the light moved d. informational social influence; autokinetic effect

b. estimation of how far the light moved; the number of people making the estimation

In the minimal group paradigm (overestimates and underestimators) study, participants express in-group favoritism when they __________. a. give more rewards to the other group. b. give more rewards to their own group. c. give more punishment to the other group. d. give more punishment to their own group.

b. give more rewards to their own group.

Ralph sees Lisa and asks her what she thinks about his new car. Lisa has just read a report that presents information about the unreliability of Ralph's car. However, Lisa does not want to hurt Ralph's feelings, so she says, "I love your car. It is beautiful!" Lisa's behavior is explained best by: a. operant conditioning b. induced compliance c. reactancy theory d. self-perception theory

b. induced compliance

Julie believes that al students at a rival college are conservative Republicans. At her own college, however, Julie knows that there is a mix of both liberals and conservatives, Democrats and Republicans. Julie may be experiencing __________. a. in-group heterogeneity effect b. outgroup homogeneity effect c. self-fulfilling prophecy d. stereotype threat

b. out-group homogeneity effect.

You attend a party where you do not know anyone but expect that people will be friendly. You behave in a warm and sociable manner. Your behavior, in turn, leads to other people being friendly to you. This situation can be explained as behavioral confirmation the availability heuristic the illusory correlation the representativeness heuristic

behavioral confirmation

Which of the following is a key element to Minority Influence? a. Flexibility b. Compromise c. Consistency d. Open conflict

c. Consistency

Ralph has agreed to purchase a new Camaro Z28 for $21,000. However, just before he gets ready to sign the contract, the salesman tells Ralph that the sales manager will not approve the amount allowed for his trade-in and that the contract will have to be higher, probably around $22,500. Ralph has just been a victim of ___________ technique. a. Foot in the door b. Door in the face c. Low ball d. Bait and switch

c. Low ball

Jerry is a new student. Amanda befriended Jerry. Kim told Amanda that Jerry is a "mush." Amanda no longer wants to be friends with Jerry, in order to stay close to Kim. This behavior illustrates the importance of what social psychological concept? a. Compliance b. Informational social influence c. Normative social influence d. Obedience

c. Normative social influence

Researchers prefer tests like the Implicit Association Test (IAT) to self-report measures of prejudice (surveys) because __________. a. modern prejudice is often more subtle than blatant prejudice. b. self-report measures measure explicit prejudice, not unconscious or implicit prejudice. c. both a and b d. neither a nor b

c. both a and b

Tanya wants to buy a puppy. She does some research and decides to buy an English springer spaniel rather than a great Dane because they are smaller, more active and good with kids. Which type of attitude influenced her decision? a. affective based attitude b. behavior based attitude c. cognitive based attitude d. explicit attitude e. implicit attitude

c. cognitive based attitude

According to social identity theory, self-esteem results from evaluations of __________. a. personal identity b. other people's views of our personal identity c. group memberships and personal identity d. how we think other people view our social identity

c. group memberships and personal identity

Imagine that you are a tourist visiting New York City and you are trying to find a good restaurant. You walk by a pizza shop and see that there is a long line, and so you decide that the restaurant must be pretty good. This is an example of: a. normative social influence. b. unconscious social mimicry. c. informational social influence. d. group think.

c. informational social influence.

When driving, stopping for red lights is a ____________ norm; running a red light when the light seems to be malfunctioning is a ___________ norm. a. authority; obedience b. descriptive; injunctive c. injunctive; descriptive d. obedience; authority

c. injunctive; descriptive

Stigma a. refers to being afraid of how people perceive you due to group identity. b. refers to a white father who works hard to take care of his family and requests paternity leave. c. refers to characteristics that mark individuals as deviant, flawed, tainted and discounted in our mind. d. refers to positive evaluations of unusual characteristics.

c. refers to characteristics that mark individuals as deviant, flawed, tainted and discounted in our mind.

Which of the following is not a finding reported by the researchers who studied persuasion using the Yale approach? distracting a person from a message can affect persuasion experts are more persuasive than non-experts people who speak slowly are more persuasive than people who speak rapidly persuasion can be enhanced by fear-arousing messages

people who speak slowly are more persuasive than people who speak rapidly

Once during a hospital stay, you observed a man and a woman (both in health professional attire) talking. You assumed that the man was a physician, and that the woman was a nurse. Later, you found out the opposite was true. What type of heuristic did you use during your initial reaction to the two individuals? availability heuristic matching heuristic representativeness heuristic vividness heuristic

representativeness heuristic

_________refers to the act of thinking about ourselves. Self-concept Self-awareness Self-esteem self-complexity

self-complexity

You prefer that professors post exam scores (by identification number), rather than returning them individually. It makes you feel better to see how you did in comparison to other students. This is an example of what social psychology phenomenon? social rank social comparison social ratings social contrast

social comparison

People can be persuaded by the attractiveness of a communicator, the number rather than the quality of arguments, and even false authorities (e.g., actors posing as doctors). These findings suggest that not all persuasion is due to ________; rather, some is due to _________. education; television viewing. heuristic processing; systematic processing. rationality; stupidity systematic processing; heuristic processing

systematic processing; heuristic processing

When LaPierre examined questionnaire responses and behavioral responses to a Chinese couple in the 1930s, he found that most restaurants and hotels indicated in writing that they ____________. This suggests that attitudes do not serve ____________. would serve a Chinese couple and actually served them; To alert people to what to approach or avoid. would not serve a Chinese couple, and they did not; To enable people to express important values. would serve a Chinese couple, but refused service; To organize people's understanding of the world. would not serve a Chinese couple, but actually served them; To alert people to inconsistencies in their own thinking.

would not serve a Chinese couple, but actually served them; To alert people to inconsistencies in their own thinking.