Psychology Final Review

Panic disorder

_____________ is an abrupt anxiety attack that is apparently unrelated to specific objects or situations.

Uttering of all thoughts that come to mind

Which of the following is true of free association?

Urge clients to seek out their irrational beliefs and change them.

Which of the following is true of rational emotive behavior therapists?

Systematic desensitization

_________ refers to Wolpe's method for reducing fears by associating a hierarchy of images of fear-evoking stimuli with deep muscle relaxation.

Anxiety Disorder

_____________ is characterized by excessive worrying, fear of losing control, nervousness, and inability to relax.

characterized by features such as intense fear, avoidance

A similarity between acute stress disorder and post traumatic stress disorder is that both:

conditioning and observational learning.

Behavior therapists rely heavily on principles of

Principles of Learning

Behavior therapy applies_____________ to directly promote desired behavioral changes.

Delusions

Delmar believes that he has been sent to Earth to save mankind. He believes that women are evil and that any male who speaks to, or associates with, a female is doomed to a life as a slave. He often tells people of his grand plan to save males from the influence of females. Nothing one says or does can convince him that his ideas are untrue. Which of the following does Delmar demonstrate?

Community mental health movement

Dr. Thomas, a psychiatrist, works at a facility that treats new cases as outpatients rather than sending them to hospitals. He also helps people who have been released from mental hospitals. Most of the people treated by him have chronic psychological disorders. Dr. Thomas works at a(n)

Borderline

Fran describes herself as complicated. Since she hates being alone, she is always looking for companionship and often gets involved in stormy relationships. Mostly, she gets into disagreements with people over her divided loyalties—she just cannot make up her mind to stand by one person. She has been hopping from job to job because she is not sure about what she likes to do. Her attitude is typical of a person with _____.

End up with health issues

In the context of depressive disorders, people who remain depressed:

Be argumentative, make poor judgments, show pressured speech and rapid flight of ideas.

In the manic phase of bipolar disorder, a person may:

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Individuals who have experienced severe trauma or victimization may experience debilitating anxiety reactions months and years after the actual traumatic experience. For example, disaster victims or war veterans often have their first symptoms many months after the actual events. These patients are diagnosed as suffering from:

Dissociative amnesia

Jane has episodes where she doesn't know where she is or what she has done. She has clothing in her closet that she has not worn and does not know how it got there. When she goes to the doctor, she introduces herself as Suzy. Jane seems to be exhibiting _____________

Client-centered therapy

Jason meets a therapist for the first time. During the session, the therapist tells him that she believes that humans have a natural tendency toward health and growth and that they are free to make choices and control their destinies. She also tells him that therapy is intended to help people get in touch with their genuine feelings. Which kind of therapy does she likely practice?

Resistance

Joan avoids talking about her troubled marriage with her psychoanalyst. When she is asked to talk about the relationship, she becomes restless and claims, "There is nothing to tell." Which of the following is indicated by Joan's behavior?

Social phobia

Katie is excessively fearful of meeting new people. She eats at her desk at work to avoid any social contact with her coworkers and consistently refuses their invitations to go out for parties. Psychologists will most likely diagnose Katie with _____.

Major Depressive Disorder

Kim has a poor appetite and has experienced a severe weight loss. She is unable to concentrate or make decisions. She often has feelings of unworthiness and guilt for things she has not done. She no longer cares about life and talks about death, and how she would welcome it. Psychologists are most likely to diagnose Kim with _____________.

Couple Therapy

Mary and Ted are working with a therapist to strengthen their communication, express their uncomfortable feelings, and learn to share in the decision-making process. In which of the following therapies are they involved?

Positive Symptoms

Mary has schizophrenia and exhibits symptoms of hallucinations, delusions, lack of emotional expression, and social withdrawal. Mary has:

Demonlogical

Miguel runs around the house, has little sleep, and often has temper tantrums. His mother says to the family doctor, "I swear that child is possessed!" In this scenario, which perspective on psychological disorders is she most likely to have?

Paranoid personality disorder

People with _________ do not show the grossly disorganized thinking of paranoid schizophrenia

Somatoform Disorder

People with _________________ complain of physical problems such as paralysis, pain, or a persistent belief that they have a serious disease

Persistent anxiety, cannot be attributed to any specific object, situation, or activity. Symptoms include: Motor Tension, Autonomic over arousal, excessive vigilance

People with generalized anxiety disorder:

Characterized by severe or prolonged disturbance in expressed emotions

People with mood disorders:

Addiction and dependability

Ryan, a psychiatrist, has recommended that his patient stop the use of antianxiety drugs. After two weeks, the patient complains that her anxiety symptoms have not abated. Ryan tells the patient that her feelings are an expected response to stopping antianxiety medication. What is the patient experiencing?

Rational Emotive Behavior therapist

Salma angrily tells her therapist, John, "I should have won the beauty contest. It's not fair." John confronts Salma's belief by asking, "Wasn't the winner more talented and articulate than you?" John is most likely to be a(n)

Disturbances in: Thought and language, perception and attention, motor activity, and mood.

Schizophrenia is characterized by:

Anxiety

Steve's physician has prescribed medication that belongs to a class of chemicals known as benzodiazepines. Steve is most likely to be treated for _____

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

__________________ is defined by recurrent, anxiety-provoking thoughts or images that seem irrational and beyond control and seemingly irresistible urges to engage in thoughts or behaviors that tend to reduce the anxiety.

Acrophobia

A man cancels an important business trip to a mountainous country because he is afraid of the steep roads and hill climbs. He is also terrified of the cable car ride that he must take to get to his hotel. He goes to a doctor to discuss this problem. In the context of anxiety disorders, which of the following diagnoses is the doctor likely to make?

Conversion

A man witnessed an explosion in which a coworker died, and soon after, he lost his vision. Despite many neurological tests, doctors could find no organic basis for the man's loss of eyesight. A psychological explanation for this incident is:

Bipolar Disorder

A young man is having trouble getting along with his roommate. Sometimes, his roommate does not speak for days. On other days, he speaks rapidly and nonstop, and is often abrasive and aggressive. The roommate is showing symptoms suggesting:

Absolutist thinking

According to Aaron Beck, clients may engage in __________________, which means looking at the world in black and white rather than in shades of gray.

Connected with our freedom to develop our unique frames

According to Carl Rogers, which of the following is the basis for psychological problems?

early childhood experiences and internal conflicts

According to psychodynamic therapy, psychological problems reflect:

dissociative disorders

Amnesia is frequently associated with ___________.

revolves around the therapist telling the client what is wrong.

Unlike client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy ____________.

Advantages: economical, more experiences for client to draw on, social support, affiliation with people with similar problems, improvement provides hope for others, helps build practical social skills in a safe environment

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of group therapy?

Humanistic : Unconditional positive regard Behavior Therapy: principles of learning

Which of the following is a difference between humanistic forms of therapy and behavior therapy?

Provide insight into the conflicts that lie at the roots of a person's problem.

Which of the following is the aim of traditional psychoanalysis?

Hallucination

______________ is a perception in the absence of sensory stimulation that is confused with reality.

The Characteristic of psychological disorders are Rare or unusual behavior, Faulty perception of reality, severe personal distress, Self-defeating, dangerous, and socially unacceptable behaviors

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of psychological disorders?

Traditional Therapy: aims to provide insight into the conflicts that lie at the roots of a persons problems. Humanistic Therapy: Directive, focused on the here and now, unconditional positive regard

Which of the following is a difference between traditional psychoanalysis and humanistic therapies?

It allows the client to engage in self-exploration and self-expression; therapists have qualities of unconditional positive regard, empathy and genuineness

Which of the following is true of client-centered therapists?

Provide awareness to client's current cognitions and change maladaptive thoughts

Which of the following is true of cognitive therapy?

Cognitive therapy

Which of the following therapies focuses on changing the beliefs and attitudes that create and compound people's problems?

Resistance

_____________ is the tendency to block the free expression of impulses and primitive ideas—a reflection of the defense mechanism of repression.

Specific Phobias

__________________ are excessive, irrational fears of specific objects or situations, such as spiders, snakes, or heights.