Psychology - Memory

Explicit memory

(declaritive) Concious long term memory that is easily and intentionally recalled and recited.

How do we measure intelligence?

IQ test, WISC, SAT

Storage

Maintaining information over time

How are maintenance rehearsal and elaborative rehearsal different from each other?

Maintenance rehearsal simply involves repeating information, while elaborative is more elaborate and effective for long term memory (involves making connections, mnemonic devices)

Hwo does the encoding of memories work?

Memory encoding allows information to be converted into a construct that is stored in the brain indefinitely.

Is long-term memory always accurate?

Not always, long term memories are never literal representations and memory is often not as reliable as we think when it comes to details.

Semantic memory

Our general world knowledge that encompasses memory for concepts, facts, and the meanings of words and other symbolic units that constitute formal communication systems such as language or math

Mnemonic devices

Techniques for using associations to memorize and retrieve information

Retreival

The ability to access information when you need it.

What factors can shape and change memories?

attention, focus, interest, emotional state, post event info, etc.

What are the three basic processes of memory?

encoding, storage, retrieval

What factors can influence a person's intelligence?

environmental factors, genetics

What factors impact your short-term memory?

mental illnesses, alcohol/drug abuse, concussions/head trauma, medical conditions, etc.

How can you improve your memory?

practice, overall healthy habits, challenging yourself, maintaining a good sleep schedule, etc.

What are the three basic memory tasks?

recognition, recall, relearning

What are the three main types of memory?

sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory

Recognition

A form of remembering characterized by a feeling of familiarity when something previously experienced is again encountered

Interference

A memory phenomenon in which some memories interfere with the retrieval of other memories (after changing your number, you might have a difficult time remembering your new number and keep giving people your old number instead)

Relearning

A method of measuring the retention of learned material by measuring how much faster a person can relearn material that had been previously learned and then forgotten.

Procedural memory

A type of long-term memory involving how to perform different actions and skills. (riding a bike, tying shoes, cooking eggs)

Impicilt memory

A type of long-term memory related to the impact that activities and experiences can have on your behavior. Memories are formed without effort/unconciously.

Elaborative Rehearsal

A way to more effectively memorize information and maintain it in your long-term memory by making associations between the new information you're trying to learn and the information you already know.

Sensory memory

Come from the five senses: hearing, vision, touch, smell, and taste. They are stored only for as long as the sense is being stimulated, then reprocessed and associated with a memory that may store in your short-term memory.

Short-term memory

The capacity to store a small amount of information in mind and keep it readily available for a short period of time.

Episodic memory

The conscious recollection of a personal experience that contains information on what has happened and also where and when it happened.

Memory

The faculty of the brain by which data or information is encoded, stored, and retrieved when needed.

Encoding

The initial experience of perceiving and learning information that is then stored and recalled in the brain later on.

Recall

The mental process of retrieval of information from the past.

Primacy and recency effects

The observation that information presented at the beginning and end of a learning episode tends to be retained better than information presented in the middle

Chunking

The process by which the mind divides large pieces of information into smaller units that are easier to retain in short-term memory.

Long-term memory

The storage of information over an extended period; This type of memory tends to be stable and can last a long time, often for years.

Maintenance Rehearsal

The straight repeating of information in order to memorize it. (repeating a phone number, definition, etc.)

What are some controversies and problems with intelligence tests?

They don't access a person's intelligence to the fullest extent, there are different types of intelligence.

How does attention affect what goes into short-term and long-term memory?

Your attention influences how you store and process info/how well you remember things. Attention determines what will be encoded in your short and long term memory.