Psychology Midterm chapter 5

Bandura's Bobo doll experiment was intended to demonstrate: A.shaping. B. observational learning. C.latent learning. D.stimulus control training.

b.

An analytic learning style is most likely to be displayed by: A. Caucasian males. B. Asian-American females. C.Hispanic-American females. D. Native-American males.

a.

In Pavlov's study, the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) was ________; the neutral stimulus was ________; and, finally, the conditioned stimulus (CS) was ________. A. meat; the bell; the bell B. meat; the bell; meat C. meat; meat; the bell D. the bell; meat; meat

a.

June's cat runs to the kitchen at the sound of the electric can opener, which she has learned is used to open her food when her dinner is about to be served. The cat does not run when a blender is used, although it sounds similar. June's cat is demonstrating stimulus: A. discrimination. B. generalization. C. control. D. diffusion.

a.

Tim loves dill pickles. Now, the sight of a jar on the supermarket shelf makes his mouth water. In the terminology of classical conditioning, the sight of the jar is a(n): A. conditioned stimulus. B. conditioned response. C. unconditioned stimulus. D. neutral stimulus.

a.

Mrs. Martin, a third-grade teacher, is instructing cursive writing. At first, she reinforces even crude attempts to reproduce letters with an encouraging word; as time goes on, though, she reinforces only well-formed letters. By reinforcing progressively better attempts at writing letters, Mrs. Martin is using: A.behavior modification. B.shaping. C. stimulus control training. D. discrimination training.

b.

Operant conditioning most importantly involves forming associations between: A. conditioned response and reflex. B. behavior and consequences. C. neutral and unconditioned stimuli. D. stimuli and involuntary behavior.

b.

Sheryl's parents have told her that she is "grounded" and will not be allowed to watch any television for a week, because she is not completing her assignments on time. This is an example of: A. positive reinforcement. B. negative punishment. C. negative reinforcement. D. positive punishment.

b.

Based on your reading of the text, exposure to actual firearm violence increases by a factor of ________ the likelihood that an adolescent will commit serious violence within the succeeding two years. A. 1.5 B. 4 C. 2 D. 3

c.

Jonas is a veteran of the war in Iraq. He suffers from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Now, back home in a quiet California neighborhood, he jumps when he hears a firecracker or a car backfire. In the terminology of classical conditioning, these sounds are best thought of as ________ stimuli. A. normative B. neutral C. conditioned D. unconditioned

c.

The process of teaching a complex behavior by reinforcing closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior is called: A. behavior modification. B. discrimination training. C. shaping. D. stimulus control training.

c.

Which of the following does NOT accurately reflect a distinction between classical and operant conditioning? A. Classical conditioning entails forming an association between stimuli; operant conditioning involves forming an association between a behavior and its consequences. B. In the case of classical conditioning, after conditioning, a conditioned stimulus leads to a conditioned response; in operant conditioning punishment leads to a decrease in behavior. C. Classical conditioning applies to voluntary behavior, while operant conditioning applies to involuntary behavior. D. In the case of classical conditioning, before conditioning, an unconditioned stimulus leads to an unconditioned response; in operant conditioning reinforcement leads to an increase in behavior.

c.

Behavior that is reinforced every time it occurs is said to be on a(n) ________ reinforcement schedule. A. secondary B. intermittent C. positive D.continuous

d.

In classical conditioning, how are the neutral stimulus and the conditioned response related? A. They are the same thing; the terms are interchangeable. B. The conditioned stimulus becomes the neutral stimulus. C. They are not related; they are completely different stimuli. D. The neutral stimulus becomes the conditioned stimulus.

d.

Psychologists use the term ________ to refer to a relatively permanent change in behavior resulting from experience. A. growth B. maturation C. cognition D. learning

d.

Which of the following is an example of negative punishment? A.Spanking a child for misbehaving. B.You fight with your significant other and walk away. C. Yelling at your spouse for being irresponsible. D.Informing an employee that he has been demoted because of a poor job evaluation.

d.

You don't receive a smile or a "thank you" each time you hold a door for the person behind you. It is acknowledged sometimes. Door-holding is reinforced on a ________ reinforcement schedule. A. fixed B. continuous C. regular D. partial

d.

Based on your reading of the text, the average child in the United States has viewed more than ________ murders on network TV by the time he or she graduates from elementary school. A. 6,000 B. 500 C. 12 D. 8,000

not a

Which pair below correctly identifies a stimulus or response in Watson and Rayner's "Little Albert" study? A. Conditioned stimulus—fear B. Unconditioned response—rat C. Neutral stimulus—fear D. Unconditioned stimulus—noise

not a

Classical conditioning applies mostly to ________. Operant conditioning applies mainly to ________. A. voluntary behavior; biological behavior B.involuntary response; involuntary behavior C. voluntary behavior; involuntary behavior D. biological responses; voluntary responses

not c