psychology midterm pt. 3

Broca's amphasia

Phoebe recently suffered a major fall in which she sustained brain injuries. Since then, she has had immense difficulty in communicating with others. She appears to understand what others tell her, but her responses are slow and laborious. Her sentences are always incomplete, with important grammatical words missing. Which of the following conditions best reflects Phoebe's case? a. Broca's aphasia b. Epilepsy c. Retrograde amnesia d. Wernicke's aphasia

all-or-none principle

Every time a neuron fires, it transmits an impulse of the same strength. This occurrence is known as the__________. a. refraction effect b. polarization effect c. resting potential d. all-or-none principle

the greater the number of cycles per second, the higher the pitch of the sound

In the context of sound, which of the following is true? a. The pitch of a sound roughly corresponds to the height, or amplitude, of sound waves. b. The greater the number of cycles per second (Hz), the higher the pitch of the sound. c. The frequency and amplitude of a sound are dependent on each other. d. The pitch of a sound is expressed in decibels (dB).

Franz Mesmer

Modern hypnosis evolves from the ideas of _____. a. Theodore Sarbin b. Franz Mesmer c. Sigmund Freud d. Jon Kabat-Zinn

systematic desensitization

Naomi is afraid of dogs. While she is feeling relaxed, her therapist shows her a dog from a distance. The therapist gradually brings the dog closer until Naomi's fear is completely extinguished. In this scenario, which of the following techniques is being used to extinguish Naomi's fear of dogs? a. Generalization b. Systematic desensitization c. Free association d. Discrimination

dependent variables

The measured results, or outcomes, in an experiment are called__________. a. dependent variables b. volunteer biases c. correlation coefficients d. stratified samples

basilar membrane

Vibrations in the fluids within the chambers of the inner ear press against the__________. a. auditory nerve b. basilar membrane c. cochlea d. oval window

psycholinguistic theory

According to__________, language acquisition involves the interaction of environmental influences and the inborn tendency to acquire language. a. linguistic chauvinism b. the empiricist theory of language acquisition c. the triarchic theory of intelligence d. psycholinguistic theory

chunking

After a single presentation, Megan can recall her friend's long-distance telephone number and five-digit extension even though the sequence contains 15 digits. One reason for her ease of recall is that she split the digits into smaller groups of three each. This process is called _____. a. serial positioning b. repressing c. screening d. chunking

successive approximations

Carl is teaching his dogs to jump through a hoop. At the onset of training, Carl gives the dogs treats for each movement toward the hoop. Then, he only gives them treats when they near the hoop. Later, he waits until they jump through the hoop before giving them treats. In this scenario, Carl reinforces _____ of the goal. a. the extinction b. successive approximations c. free associations d. the regularization

shaping

Hailey is taking dance lessons. Each time she makes a progressive move, her dance instructor commends her. In this scenario, Hailey's instructor is training her by _____. a. counterconditioning b. flooding c. systematic desensitization d. shaping

displace

In memory theory, the term__________means to cause information to be lost from short-term memory by adding new information. a. retrieve b. displace c. repress d. chunk

stimuli that stands out are preserved in detail in a person's long-term memory

In the context of Long-term memory, which of the following statements is true of flashbulb memory? a. Stimuli that stand out are preserved in detail in a person's long-term memory. b. Hormones act independently of emotions that arise during the retrieval of a flashbulb memory. c. Information on unique stimuli is accessible only through specific cues. d. A person recreates the experience of a flashbulb memory in order to access the stored information.

a clear image of an object to be projected onto the retina

In the context of the eye, changes in thickness of the lens permit: a. a clear image of an object to be projected onto the retina. b. the pupil to automatically adjust to the amount of light present. c. the fovea to stimulate the blind spot to negate visual stimulation. d. an object to intensify the wavelength of its hue for better perception.

savings

Sarah was required to learn a list of 20 numbers in order. Initially, she took 15 repetitions to learn the list. After five days, she had forgotten the list of numbers and had to re-learn it. This time, she only took eight tries to re-learn the numbers. The difference between the number of repetitions she originally took to learn the numbers and the number of repetitions she took to re-learn the numbers is known as _____. a. dissociation b. savings c. the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon d. displacement

adrenocorticotrophic hormone

Which of the following pituitary hormones regulates the adrenal cortex? a. Testosterone b. Melatonin c. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone d. Antidiuretic hormone

distant objects stimulate smaller areas on the retina than nearby ones

Which of the following statements is true of depth perception? a. The clearness of an object cannot suggest its distance. b. Shadows and highlights give information about an object's two-dimensional shape. c. Closer objects are perceived as having smoother textures than distant objects. d. Distant objects stimulate smaller areas on the retina than nearby ones

magnetic resonance imaging

Which of the following techniques relies on subtle shifts in blood flow to create a brain scan? a. Positron emission tomography b. Electroencephalography c. Magnetic resonance imaging d. Electrocardiography

neurons

__________are specialized cells of the nervous system that receive and transmit messages. a. Nephrons b. Hormones c. Neurons d. Glial cells

negative adaptation

__________is the type of sensory adaptation in which we become less sensitive to constant stimuli. a. Negative adaptation b. Light adaptation c. Dark adaptation d. Positive adaptation