Psychology of Race Test 1

Who believed climate was not a good explanation for racial differences?

Davinci

Gliddon studies ___________ which studies___________

Egyptology; origins of civilizations capable of building higher civilizations

3 types of racism

Individual, institutional, cultural

What did Blumanbach say in "On the Natural Variety of Mankind?"

Invented the name Caucasian because maximal beauty of people from this small region and probability that humans were first created in this area

Culture

Learned behavior, not inborn, refers to ways of behaving and thinking

Geometer of Race

Linnaeus created original 4 race system: Americannus, Europaeus, Asiaticus, Afer

Why is there a focus on black-white relationships?

Literature on black-white relations is more widely available

Anthropometry

Measurement of physical differences (Hair texture, skin color differences, and lip sizes

James Jones definition of prejudice:

Positive or negative attitude, judgement, or feeling about a person that is generalized form attitudes or beliefs held about the group to which the person belongs

Blumenbach

Assumed taxonomic groups were fixed and unchanging and there was distinct boundaries between races

What was Blumanbach's racial classification?

Caucasian Mongolian Ethiopian American Malay (not included in original taxonomy)

Octoroon

Child of a white and a quadroon (7/8)

Morton used __________ to assess intelligence

Craniometry

Bushel-Basket scheme

Races are defined by sets of physical characteristics that cluster with some degree of predictability in particular geographic regions

Black exceptionalism

argues that white americans' attitudes toward blacks are unique because the black experience in the U.S. is so unique

Primordialist

it is basic human nature to be fearful of those who are from ourselves; belief that race and racism are natural components of the human psyche

Skin color is problematic because...

other traits are distributed in ways unrelated to uv rays

The noble savage

religious views- Africans were believed to be descendants of Cain; viewed Africans as barbaric and liable for enslavement

3 criteria of racism

1. Belief in race as a biological concept 2. Belief in superiority of one's own race 3. Rationalizes institutional and cultural practices that formalize domination of one racial group over another

Gill's view on race

1. Morphological characteristics tend to be determined by enviornment 2. Denial of race promotes racism

What are 3 reasons to explain how the variability of traits came about

1. Natural Selection: One form of the trait is advantageous for survival in one area, another form in a different area 2. Sexual selection: traits serve as arbitrary signals by which individuals on sex attract mates of the opposite sex while intimidating rivals 3. No known effect on survival-invisible to rivals and prospective sex partners-fingerprints

5 elements of a racial worldview

1. Universal classification of human groups as exclusive and discrete biological entities 2. Imposition of an inegalitarian ethos that required the ranking of these groups 3. Belief that outer physical characteristics were surface manifestations of inner realiteies 4. Belief that these qualities were inheritable 5. Belief that each race was created unique and distinct by nature or by God, and differences are fixed and unalterable

Power of race in the public mind is due to_______

American social structure

Gordon Allport def of prejudice

Antipathy based upon a faulty and inflexible generalization felt or expressed directed toward

Gordon Allport definition of prejudice:

Antipathy based upon a faulty and inflexible generalization felt or expressed, directed toward a group or an individual because he is a member of that group

Who established the ost influential of all racial classifications?

Blumanbach

T/F Ethnicity includes physical traits

False

Ethnic/ethnicity

Group of people who see themselves as having specific cultural features

Brace's view on race

No such thing as a coherent biological entity that warrants the term race; different form saying no such thing as race

Great Chain of being

No two varieties of humans could occupy the same developemental level; europeans at the top of the chain

Quadroon

Offspring of a mulatto and a white (3/4 white)

Mulatto

Offspring of a pure white and a pure black

Terms of Estrangement

There are no traits that are inherently, inevitably associated with each other

T/F Race is a modern idea

True

T/F The vast majority of human genetics variation occurs within medical populations

True

T/F We use labels so much in our daily lives we assume that they are meaningful in a biological sense

True