Psychology Quiz 11 Chapter 10 Consciousness
Sleep Talking
A common experience that ranges from a grunted word to a clear paragraph ; This occurs most commonly during stage 2 sleep, but it can occur in all stages
Coma
A condition caused by traumatic brain damage in which the brain shows a steady but low level of activity and no response to any stimulus
Narcolepsy
A condition characterized by sudden attacks of sleepiness during the day ; People with this condition lose the brain cells that produce orexin and therefore return to a pattern resembling infants
Sleep Apnea
A condition in which someone fails to breathe for a minute or more during sleep
Minimally Conscious State
A condition in which someone has brief periods of purposeful actions and speech comprehension
Brain Death
A condition in which the brain shows no activity and no response to any stimulus
Vegetative State
A condition marked by limited responsiveness to stimuli, such as increased heart rate in response to pain
Hypnosis
A condition of focused attention and increased suggestibility that occurs in the context of a special hypnotist-subject relationship
Insomnia
A condition of not getting enough sleep to feel rested the next day ; Translates to "lack of sleep"
Night Terrors
A condition that causes someone to awaken screaming and sweating with a racing heart rate, sometimes flailing with the arms
Polysomnograph
A device that combines an EEG measure with a simultaneous measure of eye movement
Electroencephalograph (EEG)
A device that measures and amplifies tiny electrical changes on the scalp that reflect patterns of brain activity
Deja Vu
A feeling that an event is uncannily familiar
Melatonin
A hormone that is released by the pineal gland 2-3 hours before bedtime that is important for both circadian rhythms and many species' annual rhythms of reproduction, hibernation, etc
Circadian Rhythms
A rhythm of activity and inactivity lasting approximately one day
Stage 1 of Sleep
A sleeper enters this stage when the eyes are nearly motionless and the EEG shows many short, choppy waves that indicate a fair amount of brain activity
Meditation
A systematic procedure for inducing a calm, relaxed state through the use of special techniques
Neurocognitive Theory
A theory that dreaming is simply a kind of thinking, similar to daydreaming or mind wandering, that occurs under these conditions reduced sensory stimulation reduced activity in the prefrontal cortex loss of voluntary control of thinking enough activity in other brain areas
Activation-Synthesis Theory
A theory that dreams occur because the cortex takes the random activity that occurs during REM sleep plus whatever stimuli strike the sense organs and does its best to make sense of this activity
Lucid Dreaming
An experience in which one is aware that it is a dream
Sleep Walking
An experience that occurs when the motor cortex and a few other areas are active while most of the brain remains asleep ; This occurs mostly in children and mainly in stage 4 sleep
Practical Definition of Consciousness
Being aware of a stimulus ; If a cooperative person reports being aware (conscious) of one stimulus and not of another, then he or she was conscious of the first and not the second
The Two Benefits to Sleep
It saves energy It strengthens learning/memory to varying degrees
The Two Theories of Sleep
Repair and Restoration Theory Energy Conservation (Evolutionary) Theory
Why is REM sleep called paradoxical
Since it is light sleep in some ways and deep sleep in other ways
What part of the brain is responsible for circadian rhythms
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)
REM Sleep
The stage of sleep, the sleeper's eyes move rapidly back and forth under the closed lids
Stage 3 & 4 of Sleep
These stages are called slow wave or deep sleep with delta waves below 3.5 hz
Stage 2 of Sleep
This stage has the fewest long slow waves (long slow waves indicate decreased brain activity)
Freud's Theory of Dreaming
This theory maintained that dreams reveal the dreamer's unconscious thoughts and motivations