Psychology; Quiz 5

What is vertigo?

spinning sensation

Congenital deafness refers to deafness ________.

since birth

________ is exemplified by stroking the hand of another person.

somatosensation

________ refers to the minimum amount of stimulus energy required to be detected 50% of the time.

Absolute threshold

What refers to the way sensory information is organized, interpreted, and consciously experienced?

Perception

Our tendency to perceive things as complete objects rather than as a series of parts is known as the principle of ________.

closure

________ operate best under bright light conditions.

cones

The ________ is a small indentation of the retina that contains cones.

fovea

Which part of the eye holds eye color?

iris

Which nerve carries visual information from the retina to the brain?

optic

Interaural __________ difference refers to the small difference in the time at which a given sound wave arrives at each ear.

timing

________ involves the conversion of sensory stimulus energy into neural impulses.

transduction

What is a binaural cue?

two-eared cue to localize sound

Hertz is a measure of ________.

frequency

Which type of processing involves the interpretation of sensations and is influenced by available knowledge, experiences, and thoughts?

top-down

The conversion from sensory stimulus energy to action potential is known as __________.

transduction

Honeybees can see light in the ________ range of the electromagnetic spectrum.

ultraviolet

What is the height of the wave?

amplitude

________ disparity refers to the slightly different view of the world that each eye receives

binocular

Petra walks into a brightly lit Psychology lab to participate in an experiment involving the ability to perceive the colors of the rainbow. Which photoreceptors will be most useful during this experiment?

cones

Some individauls are born without the ability to feel pain. This very rare genetic disorder is known as ____________ or congenital insensitivity to pain.

congenital analgesia

Pain that signals some type of tissue damage is known as ________________ pain.

inflammatory

What concept is illustrated by the following study? Participants were instructed to focus on either white or black objects, disregarding the other color. When a red cross passed across the screen, about one third of the subjects did not notice it.

intentional blindness

Which of the following describes the difference in stimuli required to detect a difference between the stimuli?

just noticeable

Pain signals that are sent to the brain get exaggerated. This type of pain is known as _________________ pain.

neuropathic

Tyrahn's rods do not transform light into nerve impulses as easily and efficiently as they should, so he has difficulty seeing in dim light. This is called ________.

night blindness

Felicia smacks her thumb with a hammer while building a doghouse. The sense of ________ provides her brain with information about the pain she feels.

nociception

The optic nerve from each eye merges just below the brain at a point called the _____________. This is an X-shaped structure that sits just below the cerebral cortex at the front of the brain. At this point, information from the right visual field is sent to the left side of the brain, and information from the left visual field is sent to the right side of the brain.

optic chiasm

What is the ability to discriminate among different figures and shapes, occurs by following the principles described above?

pattern perception

What principle asserts that things that are close to one another tend to be grouped together?

proximity

What color on the spectrum has the longest wavelengths?

red

What does the place theory of pitch perception suggest?

Different portions of the basilar membrane are sensitive to sounds of different frequencies

What is the object or person that is the focus of the visual field, while the ground is the background?

Figure

What describes the continuation of a visual sensation after removal of the stimulus?

afterimage

Our vestibular sense contributes to our ability to ________.

maintain balance and body posture

Our ___________ can be affected by our beliefs, values, prejudices, expectations, and life experiences.

perceptions

What allows Nancy to run without watching her feet and hit a baseball without focusing on the bat?

proprioception

What is the perception of body position?

proprioception

According to the principle of ________, objects that occur close to one another tend to be grouped together.

proximity

Binocular ______, the slightly different view of the world that each of our eyes receive.

disparity

________ serve as sensory receptors for temperature and pain stimuli.

free nerve endings

What refers to the number of waves that pass a given point in a given time period and is often expresses in terms of hertz, or cycles per second?

frequency

According to the law of ________, we are more likely to perceive smoothly flowing lines rather than choppy or jagged lines.

good continuation

tasting freshly caught salmon exemplifies which sense?

gustation

Hair cells located near the base of the basilar membrane respond best to ________ sounds.

high-frequency

Failure to notice something that is completely visible because of a lack of attention is called...

inattentional blindness

What is the perception of the body's movement through space?

kinesthesia

At the point of the optic chiasm, information from the right visual field (which comes from both eyes) is sent to the ________ side of the brain, and information from the left visual field is sent to the ________ side of the brain.

left; right

In a normal-sighted individual, the ________ will focus images perfectly on a small indentation in the back of the eye known as the ________.

lens; fovea

Interaural ________ difference refers to the fact that a sound coming from the right side of your body is more intense at your right ear than at your left ear because of the attenuation of the sound wave as it passes through your head.

level

What refers to the fact that we perceive depth when we two parallel lines that seem to converge in an image?

linear perspective

Taste information is transmitted to the ___________, ______________, and __________ and to the gustatory cortex, which is tucked underneath the overlap between the frontal and temporal lobes.

medulla, thalamus, and limbic system

Derek wants to win the student of the year award so badly that when the name of the award winner is announced, he is convinced that he hears his name. He stands up and begins to leave the aisle when his friend grabs his hand. Someone else won the award. This illustrates how ________can affect perception.

motivation

________ occurs when sensory information is organized, interpreted, and consciously experienced.

perception

________ refers to the way that sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced; ________ refers to what happens when sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor.

perception; sensation

Chemical messages often sent between two members of a species to communicate something about reproductive status are called ________.

pheromones

The frequency of a sound wave is associated with our perception of that sound's ____________.

pitch

What theory of pitch perception suggest that different portions of the basilar membrane are sensitive to sounds of different frequencies?

place

Wesley is in a movie theater with no windows—the only light is low illumination from the emergency lights on the floor. Which photoreceptors will be most useful to Wesley as he attempts to leave the theater?

rods

Decreased sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus is known as ________.

sensory adaptation

Why don't we perceive stimuli that remains relatively constant over prolonged periods of time?

sensory adaptation

The ability to identify a stimulus when it is embedded in a distracting background is called __________ theory.

signal detection

According to what principle, things that are alike tend to be grouped together?

similarity

What are formed by groupings of taste receptor cells with hair-like extensions?

taste buds

What theory of pitch perception asserts that frequency is coded by the activity level of a sensory neuron?

temporal

The ____________ of pitch perception asserts that frequency is coded by the activity level of a sensory neuron.

temporal theory

The _____________ of pitch perception asserts that frequency is coded by the activity level of a sensory neuron.

temporal theory

The quality of a sound that is affected by frequency, amplitude, and timing of the sound wave is known as ________. This also refers to a sound's purity.

timbre

The ________________ refers to the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that we can see.

visible spectrum

Sariah enters a room with several chirping crickets in it. Upon first entering the room, Sariah can hear the chirping; however, as she begins to talk to her friends, she is no longer aware of the chirping even though it is still there. The fact that Sariah no longer perceives the chirping sound demonstrates sensory ________.

adaptation

What is the height of a wave and measured from the highest point on the wave (peak or crest) to the lowest point on the wave (trough)?

amplitude

Sarit is at a bar full of music, chatter, and laughter. He gets involved in an interesting conversation with a woman named Mona, and he tunes out all the background noise. Sarit's friend, Karen, taps him on the shoulder and asks what song just played on the jukebox. Sarit says he doesn't know, even though he is sitting right next to the jukebox and is familiar with popular music. This illustrates the role that ________ plays in what is sensed versus what is perceived.

attention

Cues that require two ears are referred to as ________ cues.

binaural

________ depth cues require the use of both eyes.

binocular

What law states that we organize our perceptions into complete objects rather than as a series of parts?

closure

What are electronic devices that consist of a microphone, a speech processor, and an electrode array?

cochlear implants

According to the trichromatic theory of color vision, all colors in the spectrum can be produced by _____________.

combining red, green, and blue

Hearing aids might be effective for treating ________ hearing loss.

conductive

What hearing loss is because of age, genetic predisposition, or environmental effects, including exposure to extreme noise, or damage due to toxins?

conductive

What law suggests that we are more likely to perceive continuous, smooth flowing lines rather than jagged, broken lines?

continuity

Which of the following was demonstrated by the 1998 research of Ayabe-Kanamura, Saito, Distel, Martínez-Gómez, & Hudson? The ability to identify an odor, and rate its pleasantness and its intensity, varies ______________.

cross-culturally

Loudness of a tone is measured in terms of __________, a logarithmic unit of sound intensity.

decibels

Individuals who are deprived of the experience of binocular vision during critical periods of development have trouble perceiving ___________.

depth

Because of what can we describe things as being in front, behind, above, below, or to the side of other things?

depth perception

What refers to the minimum amount of stimulus energy that must be present for the stimulus to be detected 50% of the time?

Absolute threshold

What plays a significant role in determining what is sensed versus what is perceived?

Attention

Hearing a song on the radio is an example of what sense?

Audition

___________ is a physical process, whereas perception is psychological.

Sensation

What has research by Goolkasian & Woodbury (2010) demonstrated about pattern perception?

Those who are given verbal priming produce a biased interpretation of complex ambiguous figures.

Which field of psychology includes the following concepts: figure-ground relationship, law of continuity, and principle of closure?

Gestalt