Psychology Test 1 Review

Melatonin release from the pineal gland is stimulated by ________ and inhibited by ________.

Darkness; Light

Alcohol is considered a ________ because it tends to suppress central nervous system activity.

Depressant

Lucy wants to study changes in physical attributes, cognitive skills, moral reasoning, and social behavior across the lifespan. What psychology field should Lucy specialize in?

Developmental psychology

What is a accurate definition of hypothesis?

A tentative explanation

What word is the most appropriate synonym for the term validity

Accuracy

Bev likes to be up late at night and sleep in; Caleb likes to wake up with the sun and got to bed early. A psychologist would say they have different what?

Chronotypes

The scientific process is ________, involving both inductive and deductive reasoning

Circular

Ashy wants to focus on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior. What area of psychology should she work in?

Clinical Psychology

A ________ variable is a factor that affects both variables of interest in research and may falsely give the impression of cause-and-effect relationship

Confounding

Ali is aware of his feelings, emotions, and thoughts. He is also aware of his surroundings, the warmth of the sun, and the sound of nearby traffic. Ali is in a state of ________?

Consciousness

Which psychological perspective might advance the argument that our sleep patterns evolved as an adaptive response to predatory risks, which are higher during periods of darkness?

Evolutionary psychological perspective

What research design will allow cause-and-effect conclusions?

Experimental

Which kind of psychologist would be consulted in jury selection and witness preparation?

Forensic psychologist

A series of dots arranged in the shape of a face will be perceived as a face not a series of dots. A psychologist studying this phenomenon is applying the principles of _________?

Gestalt psychology

Mescaline is considered a ________ drug because it results in profound alterations in sensory and perceptual experiences.

Hallucinogenic

Which perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good is innate to all humans?

Humanism

A ________ is a description of hoe the researchers will measure the variables of interest

Operational definition

Sleepwalking, night terrors, and restless leg syndrome are all examples of________.

Parasomnias

What word is the most appropriate synonym for the term reliability?

Precision

What concept is Abraham Maslow best know for?

Proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior

The fact that same well-known studies have been reported without finding results consistent with those in the initial report describes a ________ that is currently affecting research in psychology and other fields

Replication crisis

What refers to a broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistency supported by evidence over time?

Scientific Theory

What statement is false about sleep deprivation?

Sleep deprivation has been found to lead to ADHD

Susan wants to study prejudice, attraction, how we explain our own behavior versus how we explain the behavior of others, and how we resolve interpersonal conflicts. Susan should conduct research in what area of psychology?

Social Psychology

Cocaine is considered a ________ drug because it tends to increase overall levels of neural activity.

Stimulant

Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ________.

Studying behavior and deemphasizing the importance unobservable mental processes

Functionalist psychologists focus on the function of behavior and ________?

The operation of the whole mind rather than the individual parts

Introspection refers to a process by which someone examines __________ objectively as possible.

Their own conscious experience

Research shows that people who smoke cigarettes are more likely to get lung cancer than those who do not smoke. What does this research alone demonstrate?

There is a relationship between smoking and lung cancer

What do structuralism, Gestalt psychology, and Sigmund Freud all have in common?

They were all concerned with describing and understanding the inner experience

tayla smokes marijuana. At first, just a few inhalations were enough to clear her mind. Over time, she needs to smoke more and more to achieve the same effect. What is this an example of?

Tolerance

Toriq depends on cigarettes to relieve his stress, though he smokes so infrequently that he experiences no significant, noticeable physical symptoms when he is not smoking. What does this exemplify?

psychological dependence

Psychology refers to the ________.

scientific study of the mind

Victoria has accumulated a large sleep debt. This means that she ________.

suffers from chronic sleep deprivation

The belief that strange behavior is linked to the occurrence of a full moon is an example of a ________.

Illusory correlation

A group of researchers investigated the effects of two vocabulary learning strategies on word retention two weeks later. In this example, learning strategy is the _________ variable and word retention is the _________ variable.

Independent; Dependent

Guillermo spends some time each day applying the principles of structuralism to examine his own conscious experience as carefully as possible. What is Guillermo engaged in?

Introspection

In Freud's model of dreams, the hidden meaning of a dream is called ________ content.

Latent

Marlowe wakes up from a dream about his teeth falling out. He looks in a dream dictionary and finds losing teeth is usually dream symbolism for anxiety. Fried would say Marlowe is focused on the ________ content.

Latent

A group of preschool-age children enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. What is this an example of?

Longitudinal experience