Psychology test prep quiz 1

_____________ are medical doctors who can provide medical treatment and psychological therapy. Whereas, _____________ are NOT medical doctors, but they can assess and treat mental, behavioral, and emotional disorders.

Clinical psychologists; counseling psychologists

An integrated explanation of human behavior provided by the neuroscience, cognitive, social-cultural, and other perspectives in psychology is most clearly provided by

a biopsychosocial approach.

One way to develop a complete picture of any given behavior or mental process is to incorporate an integrated viewpoint that examines biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors. This is also known as:

a biopsychosocial approach.

A negative correlation between people's physical health and their marital happiness would indicate that:

higher levels of marital happiness are associated with lower levels of physical health.

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems work together to keep you in a steady internal state called

homeostasis

If a researcher is studying different approaches to dieting to determine which is the most effective for weight loss, the experimenter's manipulation of dieting is the:

independent variable

Ivan Pavlov pioneered the study of:

learning

Which measure of central tendency is used to calculate the average of your school grades?

mean

A unified understanding of explanations provided by the neuroscience, cognitive, social-cultural, and other psychological perspectives is most clearly provided by:

psychodynamic perspective

In order to control for experimenter bias as well as extraneous variables, such as severity of condition, attitudes, age, etc., researchers assign subjects to groups by:

random assignment

When every individual in a large population has a small but equal chance of being included in a survey, researchers are using a procedure known as

random sampling

A focus on the different marriage rituals practiced by members of different ethnic groups is of most relevant to the ______________ perspective.

social-cultural

Whenever you turn the pages of a book, use your pen to take notes, or raise your hand, you know that this is possible due to your:

somatic nervous system

Psychological theories:

-organize scientific observations. -explain observed facts. -generate hypotheses

To test the potential effect of hunger on taste sensitivity, groups of research participants are deprived of food for differing lengths of time before they engage in a taste-sensitivity test. This research is an example of

an experiment

Natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control are called

endorphins

Understanding why the fear of darkness may have contributed to the survival of our human ancestors is most relevant to the ________ perspective.

evolutionary

Participants who are exposed to the treatment being tested in an experiment are said to be assigned to the

experimental group

The risk of being color deficient is greater for men than for women. This best illustrates an important

gender differences

A researcher is interested in determining if infant crying and caretaker responses are different in developed and developing nations. She trains her research assistants to watch and record babies' behaviors in 3-minute increments, including variations in crying (e.g., whimpering, pain cries, etc.), as well as caregiver responses (e.g., holding, speaking, etc.). She then chooses 50 participants in four different countries to be included in her study. What type of research design is she using?

naturalistic observation

Psychologists who carefully watch the behavior of chimpanzee societies in the jungle are using a research method known as

naturalistic observation

Plato's assumption that we inherit character traits and intelligence is most directly relevant to the controversy regarding

nature and nurture

A focus on how the body and the brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences is most relevant to the ____________ perspective.

neuroscience

Testing hypotheses and refining theories in light of those tests is central to

scientific method

The peripheral nervous system includes the _______________ that carry/carries messages from the body to the central nervous system.

sensory neurons