Psychology unit 2

According to Freud, the phases of psychosexual development establish our _____.

personality

Prevailing theories in psychology suggest that the main factors influencing our personalities include all of the following EXCEPT which one?

strangers

A man who yells at his dog when he's upset with his girlfriend is experiencing

displacement

A highly energetic person who is considered the life of the party may score highly in _____.

extraversion

In family studies, the proband refers to the _____.

first person being studied

Which of the following BEST explains the impact of Freud's theories of psychosexual development?

Freud's theories help us understand how personal biases affect our understanding of psychology.

Who developed the Meyer's Brigg Personality Inventory?

Katharine Cook Briggs and Isabel Briggs Meyers

A personality trait is considered to be _____.

enduring

The Minnesota Twin Study found that _____.

identical twins raised apart are about as similar as those raised together

In what area would someone who is an avid daydreamer, voracious reader, and rock climber most probably have a high score?

openness to experience

A person who 'accidentally' deletes a coworker's presentation because the coworker forgot their lunch date is expressing _____.

passive aggression

A long-lasting pattern of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that deviate from relevant cultural expectations can be classified as a _____.

personality disorder

_____ are a person's usual ways of thinking, behaving and feeling.

personality traits

A runner who trains twice as hard after suffering a big loss in a race is experiencing _____.

sublimation

The reality principle is:

the ability to decide what is and is not reality

Who among the Neo-Freudians explicitly rejected the importance of sexuality in psychodynamics?

:

Alvin is a singer who gets anxious when speaking to large groups. However, once he starts singing, he immediately feels confident and calm. His transient anxiety in front of large groups is an example of which of the following?

A state

A therapist who shows unconditional positive regard will _____

Accept and respect the client regardless of the client's mistakes.

Kelly has noticed that her two-month old twins are very different: one is very high-strung while the other is very laid back. Because they've been in the same environment and have had very different personalities from birth, Kelly is most likely noticing her twins' _____.

Adaptations to environment

How is George Valliant important to the study of Freudian defense mechanisms?

He added defense mechanisms to the list and classified them into levels.

Which of the following is NOT one of the three main personality theories?

Heuristic

Which of the following statements is not true?

If two people are both described as agreeable, one cannot be more agreeable than the other.

Which of the following is NOT a critique of behaviorist views of personality?

It is at odds with Darwin's theories

Jared is very even-keeled and rolls with the punches whether at work or home. His friend Bill, on the other hand, easily becomes anxious and overwhelmed in many situations. What difference would you DEFINITELY expect if the two friends' personality traits were tested?

Jared would have a lower level of neuroticism than Bill.

How have twin studies proven to be beneficial?

Researchers can determine the difference between environmental and genetic factors.

Jess really loves kids and is an elementary school teacher. However, she can't stand it when parents take their kids to a movie she's attending because of their whining. Which type of trait accounts for the difference in Jess' attitude?

Secondary

Winnie believes that human behavior is driven by instincts, and therefore people's personalities come from their instinctive reactions to the environment. Winnie is promoting _____.

Skinnerism

Tommy has a strong sense of morality. According to Freud, this would indicate he has worked through which of the following feelings?

The Oedipus Complex, or sexual desire for his mother and desire to kill his father

Carl Rogers' therapy included emphasis on all of the following EXCEPT:

Therapist-driven answers

How would you expect someone with a high conscientiousness score to evidence this trait in a work environment?

They will probably always be on time for work.

Jed is an antagonistic person who doesn't get along well with others. You would expect him to have a low score in _____.

agreeableness

Researchers plan a study to find the proportion of identical twins that both suffer from depression. This is an example of the researchers determining the _____.

concordance rate

A statistic for measuring how much a trait in one twin compares or contrasts with the same trait in the other twin is the _____.

correlation coefficient

Behaviorist perspectives on personality say that people develop their personalities:

As an adaption to the environment ; at birth

A person who failed a class but tells people he got an A is experiencing denial. Why is this an unproductive way of dealing with disappointment?

Denial is unproductive because it is a refusal to accept reality.

People who are very forgiving of others, appreciate those around them, and are generous are probably high on which of the Big 5?

Neuroticism

Which pair is referred to as the 'true fathers of personality?'

None of the options are correct

Which statement would most likely have been said by B.F. Skinner?

Personality changes in order for a person to gain free will