PSYCHOLOGY UNIT 6

Which of the following choices is not a reason why some minorities do not seek therapy? A. Some minorities do not seek treatment because clinicians who speak their language are usually not available. B. Irregular work schedules or working long hours limits the choices for minorities. C. Minorities prefer to seek treatment from a clinician who has a similar ethnic background. D. Some ethnic groups believe therapy is shameful and are more likely to seek help from family or friends.

B. Irregular work schedules or working long hours limits the choices for minorities.

Which of the following therapy types is most associated with a form of role playing, where a client can feel free to express their true feelings about an experience or individual? psychoanalysis free association client-centered therapy Gestalt therapy

Gestalt therapy

All of the following are stereotypes associated with mental illness except __________. A. the idea that mental illness is incurable B. a response of anger toward someone with a mental illness C. the belief that individuals with mental illness are dangerous D. the thought that all individuals with a mental illness are not capable of living independently

B. a response of anger toward someone with a mental illness

The medical model of abnormality states that psychological disorders are __________. A. social issues B. diseases C. demons D. rare

B. diseases

Which of the following is not necessary criteria in determining abnormal behavior? A. situational context B. global assessment C. maladaptive behavior D. deviance

B. global assessment

It is important for a psychotherapist to provide a protected and private environment during therapy because __________. A. it gives the therapist freedom to criticize the client B. it allows the patient the comfort to release private thoughts and emotions C. the therapist can recognize any limitations there may be in treatment D. a therapist can experiment with different methods of treatment

B. it allows the patient the comfort to release private thoughts and emotions

All of the following except __________ are possible side effects of stigmas associated with mental disorders. A. discrimination B. labels C. prejudice D. negative stereotypes

B. labels

Since George Engel's introduction of the biopsychosocial model, some medical schools now focus on teaching __________. A. doctors to see the body as a machine B. patient-centered, problem-based care C. how to treat the symptoms of a mental illness D. patients to self-treat their illness

B. patient-centered, problem-based care

The process of exhibiting strong emotions toward one's therapist that one would normally feel for another person is referred to as __________. A. distortion B. transference C. resistance D. free association

B. transference

Read the passage below and answer the question that follows. Patients A, B, C, and D all have similar symptoms and situational stressors. The major difference is that patient A's Axis V rating scale is 77, patient B's is 92, patient C's is 15, and patient D's rating scale is 32. Which of the patients would be given a more severe diagnosis? A. Patient A B. Patient B C. Patient C D. Patient D

C. Patient C

Sigmund Freud believed mental disorders were caused when an individual __________. A. recognized personal negative qualities B. masked painful feelings C. buried feelings in the unconscious D. distorted the present reality

C. buried feelings in the unconscious

Which of the following is not one of the four basic elements of client-centered therapy? A. authenticity B. reflection C. conditional positive regard D. empathy

C. conditional positive regard

People are more likely to seek treatment if they __________. A. are in a minority B. live in a rural community C. have medical insurance D. have a diagnosis

C. have medical insurance

One of the differences between an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) and a psychiatric registered nurse practicing at the basic level is that the APRN will earn a doctoral or masters degree and __________. A. will assess mental health needs as well as develop a nursing diagnosis and plan for nursing care B. will often diagnose and prescribe medication for mental health problems or disorders C. is able to diagnose and treat people with psychiatric problems or disorders D. will work with individuals, families, or groups to implement and evaluate a nursing care plan

C. is able to diagnose and treat people with psychiatric problems or disorders

Lorraine bites her fingernails to the point of bleeding whenever she is out in public because she says it calms her. Lorraine's habit of harming herself is an example of __________. A. cultural relativity B. situational context C. maladaptive behavior D. deviant behavior

C. maladaptive behavior

All of the following are possible reasons why families may choose to seek therapy except __________. A. improving communication B. dealing with children's behaviors C. overcoming language barriers between family members D. dealing with a change in family dynamics

C. overcoming language barriers between family members

Raquel tends to get extremely upset if she does not get her way, and she feels that it is a reflection of how much of a failure she is bound to be. Raquel would most likely benefit from __________. A. systematic desensitization B. family therapy C. rational-emotive behavior therapy D. aversion therapy

C. rational-emotive behavior therapy

Which of the following statements would not be considered a clinical benefit to labeling an individual with a mental illness? A. A diagnosis can provide information effective in helping patients with disorders. B. A diagnosis provides accurate communication within the mental health community. C. Individuals would have a better understanding of psychological issues and where to seek help. D. A label is subjective to clinicians and can therefore cast doubt on the patient's diagnosis.

D. A label is subjective to clinicians and can therefore cast doubt on the patient's diagnosis.

Which of the following axes and terms are not correctly associated according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)? A. Axis I: Dissociative disorders B. Axis II: Mental retardation C. Axis III: General medical conditions D. Axis IV: Global assessment and functioning

D. Axis IV: Global assessment and functioning

__________ is a type of therapy where the therapist encourages the client to talk about whatever comes to mind. A. Transference B. Dream analysis C. Interpretation D. Free association

D. Free association

Which of the following choices is an advantage to participating in some form of group therapy? A. Sharing a session with others limits one-on-one time. B. Group therapy saves the therapist money. C. Sharing the therapist with others limits privacy. D. Group therapy allows exposure to others with similar problems.

D. Group therapy allows exposure to others with similar problems.

Which of the following choices would be an important reason why individuals are more likely to seek treatment if they have medical insurance? A. Most therapists are usually trained to treat white, middle-class Americans. B. Treatment is not covered if it is found to be medically necessary. C. Individuals seek treatment from a therapist with a similar ethnic background. D. The cost of treatment becomes more affordable with medical insurance.

D. The cost of treatment becomes more affordable with medical insurance.

Lithium has been one of the most common treatment forms used to treat individuals with bipolar disorder. Due to its capacity to become toxic if not monitored closely, __________ drugs have begun to be prescribed as an alternative. A. antianxiety B. antipsychotic C. antidepressant D. anticonvulsant

D. anticonvulsant

George Engel criticized the medical community for its full acceptance of the medical model and for __________. A. developing the idea that some mental illnesses can be cured B. getting patients more involved in their care C. paying attention to nonverbal behavior D. failing to accept that mental illness had influences other than biological ones

D. failing to accept that mental illness had influences other than biological ones

A __________ earns a doctoral degree in medicine, provides therapy for those with severe disorders, and is able to prescribe medication for various disorders. A. counselor B. psychiatric nurse C. psychologist D. psychiatrist

D. psychiatrist

Katherine has begun to experience attacks consisting of intense fear, heart palpitations, dizziness, and shortness of breath whenever she thinks of or attempts to leave her apartment. Katherine may be experiencing a certain amount of __________ when it comes to leaving her home. A. culture-bound distress B. deviant behavior C. maladaptive behavior D. subjective discomfort

D. subjective discomfort

A clinical psychologist will only treat patients who have a mental disorder. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

Abnormal behaviors are considered similar across cultures. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

Although Daniel is displaying symptoms that appear on both Axes I and II, he can only be diagnosed with one disorder. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

An ancient Greek physician believed performing lobotomies helped release inner spirits that caused mental illness. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

An individual who displays deviant behavior most likely has a psychological disorder. T F

F

Antidepressants work by gradually decreasing psychotic symptoms and behaviors. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

Eclectic therapy is a form of therapy in which the therapist sticks to one form of therapy until successful results are reached. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

Electroconvulsive therapy was developed as a way to prevent the seizures experienced by schizophrenic patients. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

Individuals who suffer from a mental disorder are most likely to commit violent crimes. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

Individuals with a psychological disorder are extremely different from individuals without a psychological disorder. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

Insane is a psychological term used to describe individuals with a severe mental disorder. T F

F

It is uncommon for individuals experiencing a divorce to seek therapy. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

Making a list of situations or objects that cause anxiety is part one of the process in aversion therapy. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

Men often seek therapy more than women. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

Minority groups make the most use of psychotherapeutic services. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

Professor George Engel believed mental illness was a disease that should be cured. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

Resistance occurs when a patient transfers strong emotions felt about another individual to one's therapist. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

The medical model of abnormality suggests that psychological disorders have symptoms that cannot be treated medically. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

Which of the following is not an accurate statement regarding mental illness? Some mental disorders, though not curable, can be treated with medication. Some people with mental disorders are able to live normal, productive lives. Usually, only individuals with severe mental disorders will display odd behavior. Individuals with mental disorders often have violent tendencies.

Individuals with mental disorders often have violent tendencies.

Give three examples of the characteristics that make a good therapist.

Responses may very but should include some or all of the following information: A good therapist will be someone who is empathic and honest, is willing to communicate in a caring manner, is respectful and provides a private protected setting, is able to be reassuring and trustworthy, offers advice and not criticism, and is also able to recognize one's own limitations and be willing to refer a patient to another therapist who may specialize in the patient's needs.

Which of the following was not a factor involved in the study conducted by psychologist David Rosenhan? Eight individuals reported hearing voices that repeated several specific words. The pseudopatients were treated and released from the hospital without a diagnosis. All pseudopatients behaved normally and gave truthful answers regarding family history. Hospital staff did not distinguish healthy individuals from those who had a mental illness.

The pseudopatients were treated and released from the hospital without a diagnosis.

Which model of abnormality suggests that mental disorders are the products of the interaction between biological, psychological, and social factors? biological medical biopsychosocial psychological

biopsychosocial

Which of the following would be the most likely reason some minorities may tend to underutilize therapeutic treatment? lack of transportation language barriers irregular work schedules lack of facilities in a rural location

language barriers

Twenty-eight percent of the population in the United States have been diagnosed with a mental disorder. Out of that 28 percent, __________ percent do not seek treatment for their disorder. 20 5 50 100

20

An unconscious gesture intended to hinder therapy progression is known as __________. A. resistance B. transference C. interpretation D. free association

A. resistance

Many forms of biomedical therapy come with side effects, but the most serious form of brain damage could be from __________. A. psychosurgery B. electroconvulsive therapy C. antipsychotic drugs D. antianxiety drugs

A. psychosurgery

In some Native American tribes, there is a disorder called __________, which is when the individual experiences violent or aggressive outbursts of which they have no memory. A. Amok B. Zar C. Taijin-knofu-sho D. Anorexia nervosa

A. Amok

Zachary, a 35-year-old diabetic, has sought treatment for depression because he recently lost his job and is currently using alcohol to help him sleep and calm his nerves. What categories of the DSM will Zachary's clinician most likely take into account when determining a diagnosis? A. Axes I, II, III, IV, and V B. Axes I, II, and III C. Axes II, III, and IV D. Axes II, III, IV, and V

A. Axes I, II, III, IV, and V

__________ behavior includes behavior that may have started out as a way to help a person cope with the demands of day-to-day living but eventually has damaging or harmful effects. A. Maladaptive B. Deviant C. Distressing D. Situational

A. Maladaptive

Which of the following represents a weakness of the biopsychosocial model? A. Treatment often requires collaboration with medical doctors. B. Individuals' emotions can affect their physical illnesses. C. Patients can be active participants in their treatment. D. The model is effective in all counseling professions.

A. Treatment often requires collaboration with medical doctors.

Robert has a history of depression but worries that if he seeks treatment he will judged by his family and friends and viewed as weak. Robert's apprehension to get help is an example of __________. A. a fear of being stigmatized B. using his mental illness as a crutch C. a self-fulfilling prophecy D. subjective influence

A. a fear of being stigmatized

The practice of associating negative responses with a behavior that is problematic or undesirable is known as _________. A. aversion therapy B. systematic desensitization C. cognitive therapy D. rational-emotive behavior therapy

A. aversion therapy

The substance known as Antabuse may be combined with alcohol as a form of __________ to help curtail alcohol addiction. A. aversion therapy B. systematic desensitization C. cognitive therapy D. bilateral cingulotomy

A. aversion therapy

One of the differences between labeling an individual with a medical disease or labeling them with a mental illness is that __________. A. many mental illnesses are used to define an individual B. many medical diseases are seen as patient caused C. there are no known cures for mental illnesses D. there are more cures for medical diseases

A. many mental illnesses are used to define an individual

__________ behavior can be any behavior that violates or radically contrasts societal expectations and norms but does not necessarily qualify as a psychological disorder. A. Abnormal B. Deviant C. Maladaptive D. Disruptive

B. Deviant

__________ is a type of therapy in which a therapist will combine several different therapy techniques in order to meet the current needs of a patient or problem. Talk therapy Protective therapy Eclectic therapy Psychotherapy

Eclectic therapy

__________ were initially developed to destroy the part of the brain that controls emotions. Electric shocks Mood stabilizers Lobotomies Antidepressants

Lobotomies

Which of the following is not considered a strength of the medical model of abnormality? Patients are in charge of their treatment. Mental illness is now viewed as a disease. Most mental illnesses are now considered curable. The medical model provides a structure for treatment.

Patients are in charge of their treatment.

Someone who displays symptoms of an anxiety disorder would be given an Axis I classification of mental disorders. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

Explain why certain minority groups in Western society tend to underutilize therapeutic services.

Responses may vary but should include all or some of the following information: Recent research has shown that minorities avoid therapy because they cannot find a clinician who speaks their language or who shares a similar ethnic background. Many non-Western cultures may be uncomfortable with some therapeutic treatments used in Western society. Another reason is that they may have had difficulties in dealing with hospitals or medical facilities, and that tends to keep them from wanting to deal with them again. Some cultures prefer to seek help from family or friends due to the belief that seeking therapy from a professional would be shameful, or they may believe that some disorders are caused by supernatural forces, which may impair the effectiveness of therapy.

Give a brief description of the three areas regarding the biopsychosocial model.

Responses may vary but should include all or some of the following information: "Bio" refers to the area having to do with any biological factors that influence mental illness. Medical and mental health professionals must determine if any biological changes are the cause or effect of mental illness. "Psycho" refers to any psychological influences, changes, or progression of mental illness. "Social" refers to any familial, social, environmental, or cultural influences that affect mental illness and its progress and/or treatment.

What are the criteria that must be considered in order to determine if one's abnormal behavior can be diagnosed as a psychological disorder?

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information. In order to determine if abnormal behavior can be considered a psychological disorder, it must be determined that the behavior is persistent, goes against the rules of society, causes significant discomfort, is maladaptive, or poses a danger to the individual or others.

Give a brief explanation of the classification system from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV).

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Axis I has to do with clinical syndromes. These syndromes are psychological disorders that are the most common of all disorders, and they usually develop after adolescence, except for specific childhood disorders such as learning disabilities, speech disorders, ADHD, and bedwetting. Axis II concerns personality disorders and mental retardation. These disorders are long lasting and some are considered to have biological causes. Axis III has to do with physical conditions that have an effect on mental health, while Axis IV is concerned with psychosocial or environmental influences on mental health. Axis V rates symptoms on a scale of 0 to 100 and categorizes functioning on a scale ranging from severe dysfunction to moderate and superior functioning.

Explain one reason why disorders are not easy to classify.

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Disorders are not always easy to classify because the clinician must use the guidelines and make a subjective evaluation. A subjective interpretation of the guidelines in conjunction with the client's behavior can lead one to misunderstand behavior or make an incorrect diagnosis.

The medical model of abnormality states that psychological disorders should be viewed and treated in the same manner as physical illnesses. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

Any form of biomedical therapy can be used in conjunction with other forms of psychotherapy. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

Axis V in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) represents the individual's current level of adaptive functioning. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

Distorted thinking patterns can lead to maladaptive behaviors. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

Fear of being stigmatized often discourages individuals from seeking treatment for their mental illness. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

Individuals diagnosed with mental disorders can be positively labeled. T F

T

Insight therapies involve verbal interactions between a therapist and a client that are used to promote positive changes in one's life. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

Insurance companies will usually only cover psychotherapy if it is considered medically necessary. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

It is important for a therapist to develop a trusting bond with clients in order for treatment to be effective. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

One of the most important factors of successful insight therapies is the ability for a client to feel safe in the therapeutic environment. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

One way in which psychologists are different from psychiatrists is that psychologists could not administer medication in the past. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

Psychiatric nurses are registered nurses who can also provide psychological services. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

A __________ is a trained mental health professional who typically earns a master's degree and can provide psychotherapy for several types of emotional, adjustment, or mental health problems and will often specialize in a particular type of therapy. psychologist medical doctor psychiatric nurse counselor

counselor

Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. Thomas was a very successful business man living in California. He quit his job, sold all of his possessions, and is currently living quite happily in a monastery with other monks. Thomas' behavior could be considered abnormal under the __________ definition. Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows.Thomas was a very successful business man living in California. He quit his job, sold all of his possessions, and is currently living quite happily in a monastery with other monks. Thomas' behavior could be considered abnormal under the __________ definition. deviant situational social maladaptive

social

One of the most severe side effects from being treated with antipsychotic drugs is __________. anterograde amnesia tardive dyskinesia retrograde amnesia permanent brain damage

tardive dyskinesia