PSYCHOLOGY UNIT 7

Somatization disorders occur more often in men than in women. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

Symptoms associated with dementia usually develop within a few hours or days. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

Individuals with a personality disorder tend to believe their behavior is completely normal. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is marked by unwanted behaviors that are repeated excessively and are uncontrollable. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

Patrick's inability to remember the two weeks after his mother's murder could be considered dissociative amnesia. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

The failure to recall important information due to a physical injury to the head is known as dissociative amnesia. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

The term serotoninergic refers to a neurotransmitter that releases a hormone in response to physical or mental stress. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

All of the following are symptoms of schizophrenia except __________. delusions disturbed emotions hallucinations adaptive behavior

adaptive behavior

In order to be diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, an individual must be more than _________ underweight. 5 percent 15 percent 5 pounds 15 pounds

15 percent

Which of the following statements is one of the main differences between Alzheimer's disease and dementia? A. Alzheimer's disease can affect individuals as young as forty-five. B. Dementia is common in individuals as young as forty-five. C. Dementia is a condition that occurs most commonly in hospitals. D. Dementia is the most common cause of Alzheimer's disease.

A. Alzheimer's disease can affect individuals as young as forty-five.

__________ is a way for individuals to talk about and safely express their thoughts and feelings with a trained medical professional. A. Psychotherapy B. Medication C. Repression D. Avoidance

A. Psychotherapy

In which way do mood disorders differ from schizophrenic disorders? A. Schizophrenic disorders are explained as a form of disturbed thought, and mood disorders are a form of disturbed emotion. B. An excess of dopamine is the cause for mood disorders, and an increase in serotonin is the cause for schizophrenic disorders. C. A decrease of dopamine is the cause for mood disorders, and a decrease in serotonin is the cause for schizophrenic disorders. D. Schizophrenic disorders are explained as a form of disturbed emotion, and mood disorders are a form of disturbed thought.

A. Schizophrenic disorders are explained as a form of disturbed thought, and mood disorders are a form of disturbed emotion.

All of the following are biological factors that could lead someone to developing a mood disorder except ___________. A. abuse and neglect B. genetic vulnerability C. chemical imbalance D. abnormalities in the brain's structure

A. abuse and neglect

All of the following are types of personality disorders except __________ personality disorder. A. anxiety B. narcissistic C. obsessive-compulsive D. borderline

A. anxiety

A few months after the death of her mother, Donna began experiencing a loss of balance, paralysis in her right hand, and double vision. Donna's motor skills are most likely showing signs of __________. A. conversion disorder B. hypochondriasis C. body dysmorphic disorder D. generalized anxiety disorder

A. conversion disorder

Since the increase in production of movies and books on the subject of dissociative identity disorder, __________. A. diagnosis for the disorder has increased B. diagnosis for the disorder has decreased C. therapists are less inclined to treat patients D. therapists tend to discourage the condition

A. diagnosis for the disorder has increased

Katherine, a 30-year-old woman, has had difficulty recalling certain time frames from her childhood, and she becomes anxious when returning to her grandparents' home to visit. Katherine is most likely suffering from __________. A. dissociative amnesia B. demoralization C. dissociative identity disorder D. dissociative fugue

A. dissociative amnesia

Which of the following is not a common symptom of organic disorders? A. distorted body image B. hallucinations C. memory loss D. communication difficulties

A. distorted body image

Repetitively focusing attention on unwanted thoughts and feelings is known as __________. A. excessive thought reflection B. being optimistic C. depression D. being pessimistic

A. excessive thought reflection

A person suffering from histrionic personality disorder may display all of the following symptoms except __________. A. having very poor social skills B. dressing provocatively in order to attract attention C. constantly seeking approval or reassurance from others D. having the tendency to be overly dramatic

A. having very poor social skills

The type of somatoform disorder involving an individual developing or imagining symptoms of a disease or sickness is __________. A. hypochondrias B. somatization disorder C. conversion disorder D. Munchausen's syndrome

A. hypochondrias

Read the passage below and answer the question that follows. Danielle often discusses how she knows she will own at least ten education companies someday. At work, Danielle attempts to negotiate a raise with her manager at least twice a month and continually exclaims that her colleagues are lucky to have her around due to the amount of work that she does for them. Based on this information, Danielle most likely has __________ personality disorder. A. narcissistic B. avoidant C. antisocial D. paranoid

A. narcissistic

Cherie is walking to her car late at night and notices a man following her. Cherie feels threatened and her heart rate and breathing speed up due to a release of __________ stimulating her __________. A. norepinephrine . . . fight-or-flight response B. serotonin . . . serotoninergic release C. GABA . . . fight-or-flight response D. hormones . . . anxiety sensitivity

A. norepinephrine . . . fight-or-flight response

Individuals with personality disorders rarely seek treatment for their disorder because they have a general mistrust for others and __________. A. often believe their behavior and way of thinking is completely normal B. usually realize there is no known cure for their disorder C. can manage their symptoms without the care of a doctor D. often become anxious about the inability to control their symptoms

A. often believe their behavior and way of thinking is completely normal

A primary identity in an individual suffering from a dissociative identity disorder is usually more __________ than the other identities. A. passive B. narcissistic C. aggressive D. authoritative

A. passive

After witnessing a vicious crime, Charlie began having nightmares, started distancing himself from his friends and family, and feels immense guilt over not doing more to help. Charlie should see a therapist who specializes in __________. A. posttraumatic stress disorder B. obsessive-compulsive disorder C. specialized phobic disorders D. alternative treatments

A. posttraumatic stress disorder

All of the following are common symptoms of all dissociative disorders except __________. A. wandering away from home B. mental health problems C. feelings of detachment D. a blurred sense of identity

A. wandering away from home

__________ may develop a dissociative disorder if they have experienced severe physical, sexual, or emotional abuse __________. A. Children . . . while in therapy B. Adults . . . during childhood C. Adults . . . while in therapy D. Children . . . through hypnosis

B. Adults . . . during childhood

__________ is a type of disorder in which an individual may have a partial or complete loss of physical function that does not have a medical explanation. A. Somatization disorder B. Conversion disorder C. Generalized anxiety disorder D. Hypochondriasis

B. Conversion disorder

__________ does not have a cure, but it can be treated with medication to slow down its development. A. Parkinson's disease B. Dementia C. Huntington's disease D. Delirium

B. Dementia

Which of the following statements concerning schizophrenia is not correct? A. Schizophrenia is a very costly illness due to its early onset and lengthy hospitalizations. B. Patients with chronic disorders can be treated successfully and have a full recovery. C. Schizophrenic disorders have numerous symptoms that may consist of delusions and hallucinations. D. Patients are less likely to relapse if they return to a supportive family after treatment.

B. Patients with chronic disorders can be treated successfully and have a full recovery.

All of the following are factors that may increase the risk of teen suicide except _________. A. suffering from a mood disorder B. a change in eating or sleeping habits C. having a family history of depression or suicide D. having a poor relationship with parents or peers

B. a change in eating or sleeping habits

Dissociative disorders share several symptoms including, but not limited to, __________. A. memory loss and assumption of a new identity B. a feeling of detachment and signs of depression and/or anxiety C. a blurred sense of reality and hallucinations D. wandering from home and signs of depression and/or anxiety

B. a feeling of detachment and signs of depression and/or anxiety

Seventeen-year-old Lynette has stopped hanging out with her friends, tells her mother she is eating her meals in her room while she does homework, has been losing a great amount of weight, and seems to be constantly tired and sick. Lynette is most likely suffering from __________. A. dementia B. anorexia C. bulimia D. delirium

B. anorexia

Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. Jean has been increasingly hyperactive, staying up all night, and finishing her work assignments in record time during the past few weeks. She feels it is a big improvement from how she felt before, when she was worried about losing her job, had trouble concentrating, and felt extremely irritable. Jean is most likely suffering from __________ disorder. A. major depressive B. bipolar C. phobic D. generalized anxiety

B. bipolar

Research indicates that all of the following can result from an eating disorder except __________. A. death B. brain tumors C. heart disease D. suicidal tendencies

B. brain tumors

Delusions of grandeur is the false belief that __________. A. one is being manipulated B. emphasizes self-importance C. emphasizes self-manipulation D. one is being harassed

B. emphasizes self-importance

Some people are more prone to anxiety disorders because they see threats in every corner of their lives when there are none. This is an example of __________. A. recollection B. misinterpretation C. observational learning D. operant conditioning

B. misinterpretation

Eric does not accept invitations to go skiing due to a childhood experience of being buried in an avalanche while visiting relatives in the mountains. Eric is maintaining his fear of skiing through __________. A. classical conditioning B. operant conditioning C. preparedness D. observational learning

B. operant conditioning

All of the following are possible causes of mood disorders except __________. A. genetic vulnerability B. optimism C. negative thinking D. learned helplessness

B. optimism

Read the passage below and answer the question that follows. Nancy often has difficulty maintaining friendships. She occasionally accuses her co-workers of spreading nasty rumors about her and also accuses her boyfriend of cheating. She is often seen at her work desk crying and expresses that she thinks everyone hates her. Based on this information, Nancy most likely has __________ personality disorder. A. schizoid B. paranoid C. antisocial D. narcissistic

B. paranoid

A character in an old movie wears a hat made out of aluminum foil in order to protect his brain from being influenced by the government's thought-controlling rays. This is an example of delusions of __________. A. influence B. persecution C. grandeur D. expression

B. persecution

__________ is the most common cause of dementia, usually affecting patients over the age of 65. A. Parkinson's disease B. Huntington's disease C. Alzheimer's disease D. AIDS

C. Alzheimer's disease

__________ is a form of learned helplessness used as a way to avoid unpleasant outcomes to uncomfortable or painful situations. A. Genetic predisposition B. Misplaced anger C. Giving up D. Negative thinking style

C. Giving up

Which of the following statements regarding obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is not correct? A. Individuals with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are often preoccupied with strictly following rules. B. Individuals with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder generally have an inability to express warm emotions. C. Individuals with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder may believe they are socially awkward. D. Individuals with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder may be excessively concerned with perfection.

C. Individuals with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder may believe they are socially awkward.

Binge eating disorder differs from bulimia in that binge eaters __________. A. exercise excessively after eating B. may purge themselves to stay thin C. are often overweight or obese D. tend to use laxatives regularly

C. are often overweight or obese

Organic disorders can be caused by diseases, injury, or chemicals that cause damage to __________. A. the digestive system B. the kidneys C. brain tissue D. all major organs

C. brain tissue

All of the following are types of schizophrenic disorders except __________ schizophrenia. A. catatonic B. paranoid C. differentiated D. disorganized

C. differentiated

Individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia often display similar symptoms of individuals suffering from a __________ disorder. A. mood B. somatoform C. dissociative D. conversion

C. dissociative

Upon returning to the pre-fugue state, an individual will most likely __________. A. lose all memories and sense of self-identity, then create a new identity B. seek medical care due to the time that was lost C. forget all events or experiences that occurred during the fugue state D. remember only the events that occurred during the fugue state

C. forget all events or experiences that occurred during the fugue state

Some individuals suffering from a somatoform disorder become comfortable with the benefits of playing the role associated with being sick. Some of these individuals __________. A. knowingly falsify many of their ailments in order to avoid life's challenges B. ignore the symptoms and concern from family members C. have become comfortable with using their illness to avoid challenges D. exaggerate symptoms but refuse to see a doctor for confirmation

C. have become comfortable with using their illness to avoid challenges

Of the following, which is not a helpful way to use hypnosis in treating dissociative disorders? A. having the patient work through the traumatic experience B. having the patient recall repressed painful memories C. having the patient keep painful memories hidden D. having the patient work through trauma associated with amnesia

C. having the patient keep painful memories hidden

Despite his fear of germs, Howard Hughes neglected his own hygiene despite having those around him follow strict cleanliness practices. Hughes had these odd behaviors because __________. A. he believed he was unable to escape any infection B. he developed obsessive-compulsive disorder at an old age C. he thought he would be contaminated from the outside D. his paralysis at a young age prevented him from being self-sufficient

C. he thought he would be contaminated from the outside

Conversion disorders are more common in people who are __________. A. well educated in the science of medicine B. well known for experiencing poor medical care C. less knowledgeable about medical and psychological concepts D. living in areas that are well populated and economically secure

C. less knowledgeable about medical and psychological concepts

An individual suffering from Alzheimer's disease does not have an appropriate amount of __________ to allow the brain to send and receive signals necessary for communication. A. medication B. vitamins C. neurotransmitters D. oxygen

C. neurotransmitters

Gilbert cannot leave his house without flushing the toilet three times. He is worried not flushing will cause a back-up and flood his house. Gilbert is most likely suffering from __________. A. normal anxiety B. generalized anxiety disorder C. obsessive-compulsive disorder D. posttraumatic stress disorder

C. obsessive-compulsive disorder

All of the following are examples of environmental influences on the development of personality disorders except __________. A. learning some behaviors through negative reinforcement B. experiencing certain levels of neglect during childhood C. refusing to display warmth and emotion in adulthood D. being raised by overly protective parents

C. refusing to display warmth and emotion in adulthood

Therapeutic boarding schools help parents cope with their teens who have borderline personality disorder in all of the following ways except __________. A. teaching the parents how to positively support their teen while they are at home B. providing family therapy while the teen is in treatment C. teaching the parents to persistently support the teen's unstable self-image D. teaching the patient how to interact appropriately with their peers

C. teaching the parents to persistently support the teen's unstable self-image

Undifferentiated schizophrenia differs from other schizophrenic disorders in that symptoms are __________. A. often mostly negative in nature B. entirely positive in nature C. too inconsistent to classify D. too consistent to classify

C. too inconsistent to classify

Major depressive disorder only affects adults after the age of 25. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

Medications have proven to be unhelpful in treating anxiety disorders. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

One main difference between dementia and delirium is that delirium only affects people over the age of 65. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

__________ can involve false beliefs that often involve the individual being harassed or manipulated by others. A. Emotional indifference B. Social withdrawal C. Delusions of grandeur D. Delusions of persecution

D. Delusions of persecution

Which of the following statements concerning depression is not correct? A. Individuals with depression have more than one depressive episode in their lifetime. B. Women often experience more depression than men. C. Individuals with depression stop engaging in activities they normally enjoy. D. Depression only occurs in adolescents and adults rather than children.

D. Depression only occurs in adolescents and adults rather than children.

Which of the following statements is not considered a common symptom of both anorexia and bulimia? A. Individuals with an eating disorder may have a distorted image of themselves. B. A young woman suffering from an eating disorder may have significant changes to her menstrual cycle. C. Individuals who have an eating disorder may be extremely fearful of gaining weight. D. Individuals suffering from an eating disorder will most likely have calluses or sores on their hands

D. Individuals suffering from an eating disorder will most likely have calluses or sores on their hands

Which of the following statements concerning bipolar disorder is not correct? A. Research indicates that bipolar disorder occurs equally in females and males. B. Individuals with bipolar disorder may experience an average of four manic or depressive episodes within a year. C. Individuals experiencing mania may feel an increase in productivity and creativity. D. Research indicates that the onset of bipolar disorder commonly occurs before adolescence.

D. Research indicates that the onset of bipolar disorder commonly occurs before adolescence.

The disorder where one is fearful of public spaces and leaving the comfort of one's own home is __________. A. acrophobia B. coulrophobia C. claustrophobia D. agoraphobia

D. agoraphobia

Delirium can occur at any age after an injury or disease, but it is predominant in __________. A. young individuals who have inherited the gene B. patients as young as forty, after being hospitalized C. young women in their late teens or early twenties D. elderly patients with a fragile mental or medical status

D. elderly patients with a fragile mental or medical status

An individual with avoidant personality disorder will display all of the following symptoms except __________. A. constant worry of being criticized B. restraint from becoming too intimate C. avoidance of work-related activities D. exaggeration of personal accomplishments

D. exaggeration of personal accomplishments

Anorexics are often hungry but refuse to eat, which is misleading because the literal meaning of anorexia is "__________." A. unhealthy dieting B. excessive hunger C. excessive weight loss D. loss of appetite

D. loss of appetite

Conversion disorder can affect motor and sensory skills in all of the following ways except __________. A. loss of balance B. loss of vision and hearing C. hallucinations D. loss of memory

D. loss of memory

Which of the following is a type of anxiety disorder characterized by persistent and unwanted obsessions or compulsions that result in senseless and time-consuming rituals? A. generalized anxiety disorder B. panic disorder C. posttraumatic stress disorder D. obsessive-compulsive disorder

D. obsessive-compulsive disorder

Many people report having a phobia for snakes even though they have never been exposed to a snake. This fear is an example of __________. A. helplessness to an unfamiliar stimuli B. misinterpretation of stimuli C. classical conditioning D. preparedness

D. preparedness

Females are theoretically more prone to anxiety disorders due to __________. A. their habit of overreacting to physiological changes B. the high levels of serotonin causing hormone imbalance C. increased levels of norepinephrine causing anxiety sensitivity D. stress levels, life experiences, and friends' stresses

D. stress levels, life experiences, and friends' stresses

Individuals suffering from somatoform disorders often see several doctors about their symptoms because __________. A. doctors often refer their patients for a second opinion B. their symptoms often fall under several specialties C. doctors get frustrated with them and refuse to treat them D. they are looking to find a doctor to give them a diagnosis

D. they are looking to find a doctor to give them a diagnosis

Individuals in a dissociative fugue state may not attract attention or receive immediate medical care because __________. A. while in a fugue state they tend to be aggressive, so people avoid them B. they will usually retreat to a quiet place and keep to themselves C. fugue episodes only require attention if there is more than one episode D. they will show no signs of illness nor do they often display odd behavior

D. they will show no signs of illness nor do they often display odd behavior

Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. Daniel has been describing situations about being stalked by a government agency that is trying to recover information implanted in his brain. He will also babble incoherently, soil his clothing with excrement, and hold a statue-like pose for hours at a time. Daniel can most likely be diagnosed with __________ schizophrenia. A. paranoid B. catatonic C. disorganized D. undifferentiated

D. undifferentiated

Gastrointestinal issues in a somatization disorder often lead to __________. A. symptoms in women that affect their menstrual cycle B. the inability to swallow or loss of voice C. other disorders if not treated appropriately D. unnecessary medical procedures and surgeries

D. unnecessary medical procedures and surgeries

In order to avoid negative effects of trauma, individuals with dissociative disorders may engage in all of the following except __________ . A. emotional avoidance B. repression C. dissociation D. vulnerability

D. vulnerability

A mood disorder is characterized by an inability to recall important information, usually traumatic or stressful in nature, that is too extensive to be normal forgetfulness. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

A victim of a serious traffic accident will always develop posttraumatic stress disorder. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

Aaron may have a phobic disorder if he had his first panic attack on his first day at a new high school. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

Adoption studies have shown that individuals raised by parents who do not have a personality disorder are not vulnerable to developing a personality disorder even if they have a biological relative diagnosed with one. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

Adults who have had a traumatic experience will most likely develop a dissociative disorder. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

All men in their late teens to mid-20s are at risk for developing a schizophrenic disorder. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

An increase in a form of "giving up" behavior or thinking is linked to individuals with an optimistic outlook on life. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

An individual with a personality disorder is usually too trustful of other people. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

Anxiety sensitivity is the apparent cause, origin, and development of a particular disease. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

Catastrophic thinking is the tendency to minimize events or situations that could become serious or dangerous. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

Delirium is a condition that initiates a progressive decline in cognitive activity due to the gradual dysfunction and loss of brain cells. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

Depression appears to occur more in men than in women. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

Disorganized schizophrenia is the most common type of schizophrenia. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

Dissociative identity disorder is no longer controversial as the production of books and movies has raised a new understanding of the affliction. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

Etiology is the process of dignosing a specific disorder, and may include observations and additional research. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

Hypochondriacs seek out medical care in order to verify that they do not have an illness. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

Individuals diagnosed with a schizophrenic disorder do not remain in treatment for long. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

Individuals who are also emotionally unresponsive to stress or threatening situations are greatly affected by anxiety when faced with negative consequences. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

Individuals who suffer from anorexia nervosa are likely to have problems with their teeth due to constant vomiting. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

It is relatively easy for doctors to diagnose somatoform disorders. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

F

_________ is the most common effect of dementia. Decreased appetite Trouble sleeping Memory loss Mild fever

Memory loss

Nancy has a history of severe sexual abuse in her family and has currently been abusing drugs and alcohol in order to forget her past. What would be the reason her doctor would not diagnose her with amnesia? Nancy's lapse in memory could be due to her substance abuse. The doctor believes Nancy is creating her own false memories under hypnosis. Nancy's episodes of memory lapse are more than ordinary forgetfulness. Nancy's substance abuse is causing a strain on her work environment.

Nancy's lapse in memory could be due to her substance abuse.

Give a brief description of three of the five most common anxiety disorders.

Responses may vary but must include some or all of the following information: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is marked by a chronic, high-level anxiety that interferes with daily activities and relationships and is not tied to any specific threat. Panic disorder is characterized by a distinct period of intense fear or discomfort in the absence of any real danger. Phobic disorder is characterized by persistent and irrational fears of a stimulus that doesn't pose any real danger. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by persistent and unwanted obsessions or compulsions. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the development of psychological disturbances following exposure to a traumatic event or situation.

Describe how diseases that affect the brain or spinal cord cause dementia.

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Any disease that has a negative effect on the brain or spinal cord can cause dementia because it might reduce oxygen supply to the brain or damage nerve cells needed for communication.

Compare and contrast disorganized schizophrenia and paranoid schizophrenia.

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Both disorders involve an individual having delusions, but while someone with disorganized schizophrenia has delusions that often center on bodily functions, delusions in an individual with paranoid schizophrenia are generally about persecution or grandeur. In addition, disorganized schizophrenia is also accompanied by emotional indifference, incoherence, and social withdrawal.

Describe the difference between delusions of persecution and delusions of grandeur.

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Delusions of persecution are beliefs that someone is being harassed, oppressed, or manipulated by others. Delusions of grandeur are beliefs that emphasize self-importance and self-centered glamour.

Why is dissociative amnesia disorder difficult to diagnose in preadolescent children?

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Dissociative amnesia disorder is difficult to diagnose in preadolescent children because children usually have an inability to recall autobiographical events that happened before the age of 5.

What is the difference in suicide rates between individuals suffering from a mood disorder and individuals who are not?

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder are 15-20 percent more likely to commit suicide than those who do not have bipolar disorder. Individuals suffering from depression are 10 percent more likely to commit suicide than people who are not suffering from depression.

Explain why individuals suffering from a personality disorder will not often seek treatment for their disorder.

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Individuals suffering from a personality disorder generally believe that their way of behaving or thinking is completely normal. They may fail to notice that there is any need to alter their personality.

What are some of the main symptoms of major depressive disorder?

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Individuals suffering from depression may lose interest in socializing with family and friends as well as in activities that they would otherwise enjoy doing. They often do not have much energy, may have difficulty concentrating, and display a change in their eating and sleeping habits. They will also complain of headaches or stomach aches and have common negative emotions such as sadness, hopelessness, guilt, or feelings of being worthless.

Explain the differences in the cognitive factors of somatoform disorders.

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Individuals tend to exaggerate normal bodily functions and make rash decisions regarding minor body complaints, which lead them to seek medical attention. Individuals with somatoform disorders also have an unrealistic view of good health. They feel that, unless they display no symptoms whatsoever, something must be wrong with them.

Give a brief description of the symptoms associated with dissociative fugue.

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Individuals who suffer from dissociative fugue will wander away from their home or normal surroundings without an explanation, and they will later have no memory of what occurred during that time. They may also appear confused and not have any memory of who they are. It is also possible for these individuals to create a new identity while in this state.

Explain why Nicholas Spanos and other psychiatrists were skeptical about the popularity of diagnosing multiple personality disorder.

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Nicholas Spanos and several other psychiatrists believed that the publication of books and production of movies on the subject of multiple personality disorder caused therapists to look for ways to discover the syndrome and capitalize on a patient's need to gain attention.

Describe the difference between antisocial personality disorder and avoidant personality disorder.

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: People with antisocial personality disorder are usually very social but generally do not have morals. They may break the law, disobey rules, and will often use others for their own benefit. They generally do not feel guilty for doing something wrong or hurting others. People with avoidant personality disorder will most likely avoid social activities for fear of being criticized. They generally are constantly worried, sensitive to what others think of them, and often feel inadequate.

Describe the difference between schizophrenic disorders and mood disorders.

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Schizophrenic disorders are characterized most by disturbing thoughts, whereas mood disorders are characterized most by disturbing emotions.

Explain the main differences and similarities between somatoform and conversion disorders.

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Somatoform disorders are complaints that last many years with several symptoms, which include at least four pain symptoms, two gastrointestinal symptoms, and one pseudoneurological or sexual symptom. Conversion disorder symptoms are preceded by a conflict or stressful event and can affect loss of function in one motor or sensory area.

What are the different forms of treatments available for somatoform disorders?

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Some medications are available to alleviate some symptoms. The patient must remember that many of these symptoms, though seemingly real, do not have an organic basis. Talk therapy is also helpful in determining where these obsessions or symptoms originated. One of the most important treatments is for the patient to receive regular checkups with a regular physician. A doctor will inform a patient of how frequently they need to be seen. Finally, the patient must remember or be reminded that somatoform disorders are not curable; fortunately, they are not fatal and will not shorten a person's life.

What is the main difference between major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder?

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: The main difference between major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder is that while bipolar depressive symptoms mirror those of major depression, bipolar disorder also consists of manic symptoms, which do not occur in major depressive disorder.

Summarize how having poor interpersonal skills, or social skills, affects depression.

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: There is a relationship between depression and people who have poor social skills. Individuals with poor social skills are unable to form new, healthy relationships because they are usually irritable or pessimistic. These personality traits seem to keep other people away from them, causing them to be more isolated and depressed. Often the only relationships that these individuals have are the ones that keep them feeling negative or do not offer support. This, in turn, causes them to have negative thoughts about themselves and those around them, which supports their depression.

Explain why culture is considered a possible cause of developing an eating disorder.

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Western society gives the impression that in order to be attractive, one has to be thin. Most of the role models for young women today are young, thin actresses, singers, athletes, and models. These role models have a very high impact on how young women feel about themselves.

Give a brief description of the factors involved in understanding the etiology of a disease.

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Some anxiety disorders have different symptoms and it is important to figure out how those symptoms develop. Symptoms may develop from physiological, psychological, or environmental influences. Physiological factors may include heredity, chemical and hormonal imbalances, gender (females are more prone to anxiety than males), and anxiety sensitivity, which has to do with how one's body reacts to chemical changes. Psychological influences focus on how one's mind reacts to fearful situations. Environmental factors also influence how individuals deal with fearful situations. Environmental stress levels, how we think or interpret situations, and our observations of how others react to similar situations all impact how we manage anxiety.

There is controversy that some therapists may influence patients into developing certain personalities in order to issue a diagnosis. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

A person who has schizoid personality disorder may be more capable of functioning in daily life than a person with chronic schizophrenia. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

A reduction of the oxygen supply to the brain due to a heart attack or stroke can result in an organic disorder. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

A symptom of schizophrenia could be having unusual beliefs that have no factual basis. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

An anxiety disorder can be caused by stress. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

An individual who exhibits a mixture of schizophrenic symptoms most likely has undifferentiated schizophrenia. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

An individual who experiences neurotic behavior may be prone to developing a somatoform disorder. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

Anxiety disorders are a class of disorders marked by feelings of excessive apprehension or fear. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

Attempting suicide may be a symptom of depression. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

Conversion disorders are more common in rural populations or in areas of lower socioeconomic status. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

Dissociative disorders may be caused by a combination of experiences involving emotional trauma and family influences. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

Emotional avoidance is a way to ignore feelings, such as guilt or shame. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

Individuals can be genetically predisposed to depression, but their environment will most likely determine if they will develop a mood disorder. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

Individuals suffering from an eating disorder may experience several medical problems caused by their eating habits. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

Individuals suffering from somatoform disorders often seek unnecessary medical treatment. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

Psychotherapy is also known as talk therapy and is used to help with a disorder by finding healthy ways to cope with stressful situations. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

Research indicates that being exposed to high stress situations may create a relapse in individuals who have progressed in recovering from schizophrenia. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

Research indicates that individuals experiencing depression often experience anxiety disorders. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

Research indicates that prenatal malnutrition may be connected to schizophrenia. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

Some research supports the claim that individuals with antisocial personality disorder may not exhibit the same increase in stress hormone levels when under stress as those without the disorder. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

Someone who has anorexia nervosa may hide weight loss by wearing loose clothing. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

Someone who has been continuously teased about one's appearance may develop an eating disorder. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

Symptoms involved with somatoform disorders feel very real to the patient but are often imagined, especially when they are unable to be diagnosed. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

The tendency for individuals to minimize any positive events that they may be experiencing is part of having dysfunctional or negative thoughts. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

T

Which of the following statements is not considered a risk factor of personality disorders? The individual has a family history of mental disorders. The individual is unwilling to create new relationships. The individual experienced verbal, physical, or sexual abuse during childhood. The individual was diagnosed with a childhood conduct disorder.

The individual is unwilling to create new relationships.

The concordance rate for schizophrenic disorder is higher for an individual if they have __________ who has been diagnosed with the disorder. an identical twin a fraternal twin one biological parent a biological sibling

an identical twin

Research suggests marijuana use in adolescence may increase the risk of developing schizophrenia because __________. marijuana use enlarges brain ventricles marijuana use at this age causes frontal lobe abnormalities chemicals in marijuana increase dopamine activity marijuana use at this age changes brain structure

chemicals in marijuana increase dopamine activity

Read the following scenario and answer the question that follows. When Gina was 5 years old, she was attacked by a vicious dog. Years later, every time she hears a dog bark, her heart races. This could be an example of __________. a chemical imbalance observational learning conditioning heredity

conditioning

Individuals who may be prone to developing somatoform disorders tend to be all of the following except __________. self-centered emotional conscientious dramatic

conscientious

Individuals suffering from dementia may act inappropriately and may __________. become easily distracted develop an inability to retain new information develop symptoms that fluctuate throughout the day suddenly have difficulty reading or writing

develop an inability to retain new information

One main difference between anorexia and bulimia is that someone with anorexia __________. may have a negative self-image does not tend to binge on food tends to be female can suffer from heart problems

does not tend to binge on food

Read the following scenario and answer the question that follows. Rachel has been suffering from tension headaches and insomnia for several months. Rachel has been under pressure at her job and is also worried about her daughter starting high school in the fall even though her daughter has always been an excellent student. Rachel may be suffering from __________. unexpected panic disorder agoraphobia phobic disorder generalized anxiety disorder obsessive-compulsive disorder

generalized anxiety disorder

Biological causes of an anxiety disorder include, but are not limited to, __________. genetic influences and chemical imbalances in the brain anxiety sensitivity and pairing neutral stimuli to frightening stimuli our evolutionary history of historically frightening stimuli our capacity of observing, retaining, and replicating behavior

genetic influences and chemical imbalances in the brain

Individuals are susceptible to some form of somatoform disorder if they suffer from which of the following? neuroticism, hypochondriasis, and antisocial behavior histrionic personality disorder, insecure attachment disorder, and neuroticism antisocial behavior, histrionic personality disorder, and insecure attachment disorder pseudoneurological disorders, histrionic personality disorder, and neuroticism

histrionic personality disorder, insecure attachment disorder, and neuroticism

Some research studies claim that a person with antisocial personality disorder will not have a(n) __________ in stress hormone levels when under __________. decrease . . . medication increase . . . stress decrease . . . stress increase . . . medication

increase . . . stress

Dr. Stephens has explained to a patient that treatment for a dissociative disorder may be __________. ineffective without medication long and painful, but effective a way to create new personalities a way to keep painful memories hidden

long and painful, but effective

Although feelings of euphoria may make experiencing _________ appealing, individuals often speak and behave in ways they regret later. mania epilepsy delirium depression

mania

Read the following scenario and complete the statement that follows. On her first visit to the Grand Canyon, Jacqueline refused to go near the edge. Jacqueline's mother has always displayed extreme anxiety around heights. Jacqueline may have developed height anxiety due to __________. misinterpretation genetics classical conditioning observational learning

observational learning

The main difference between obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is that __________. people with OCPD know their disorder is irrational people with OCD know their disorder is irrational OCPD is an anxiety disorder consisting of disturbing thoughts OCD is a mood disorder consisting of disturbing behaviors

people with OCD know their disorder is irrational

Certain family dynamics, such as abusive parenting, can increase the susceptibility of someone developing a(n) __________ disorder. eating organic neurological personality

personality

The persistent, irrational fear and guilt that one's thoughts may somehow bring harm to loved ones is an example of __________ disorder. obsessive-compulsive phobic posttraumatic stress generalized anxiety

phobic

Which of the following is most likely associated with the inability to form healthy relationships, which may lead to negative thoughts and depression? learned helplessness genetic vulnerability poor social skills misplaced anger

poor social skills

Depression caused by anger that cannot be expressed and is turned inward is an example of a(n) __________ cause. environmental psychoanalytic biological hereditary

psychoanalytic

All of the following are possible influences of schizophrenia except __________. reduced dopamine activity high stress enlarged brain ventricles criticism from a family member

reduced dopamine activity

Excluding disturbing memories from consciousness in order to reduce anxiety is known as __________. repression disconnection avoidance exclusion

repression

Individuals diagnosed with a personality disorder will likely demonstrate all of the following except __________. the tendency to be impulsive the need for instant gratification suspicion and mistrust of others restraint from becoming too intimate

restraint from becoming too intimate

A type of somatoform disorder characterized by a pattern of physical complaints that have no apparent physical origin is __________. conversion disorder somatization disorder stress disorder hypochondriasis

somatization disorder

The best way of treating delirium is to practice preventative care by __________. targeting and treating the symptoms and causes of delirium prescribing medication to slow down the progression of the disease participating in psychotherapy to change behavior adopting new ways to control urges and cope with stress

targeting and treating the symptoms and causes of delirium

Individuals suffering from somatization disorder are often difficult to diagnose if they also have another mental disorder because __________. it is rare for both disorders to display symptoms at the same time individuals with a mental disorder will often falsify other symptoms the symptoms are difficult to differentiate, depending on the mental disorder many mental and somatoform disorders are impossible to diagnose

the symptoms are difficult to differentiate, depending on the mental disorder

All of the following are symptoms of dissociative identity disorder except __________. experiencing blackouts being identified by other names acquiring unfamiliar items wandering from normal environment

wandering from normal environment