Psychology Unit V

Jordanna has decided to go to bed early. Although her eyes are closed and she's very relaxed, she has not yet fallen asleep. What can be used to monitor her?

EEG- alpha waves

After ingesting a small dose of a psychoactive drug, Laqueta experienced vivid visual hallucinations and felt as if she were separated from her own body. Laqueta most likely experienced the effects of

LSD

a psychedelic drug

LSD

The best indication that dreaming serves a necessary biological function is provided by the fact that most mammals experience

REM Rebound

Evidence suggests that we consolidate our memories of recent life events through

REM Sleep

best advice for a person concerned about occasional insomnia

Relax and drink a glass of milk before bedtime.

After flying from California to New York, Arthur experienced a restless, sleepless night. His problem was most likely caused by

a disruption of his normal circadian rhythm.

theory suggests that dreams are mental responses to random bursts of neural stimulation -

activation-synthesis theory

Twenty-eight-year-old Theodore has an irrational fear of dogs. His therapist hypnotizes him and asks him to mentally relive his earliest childhood experience with a dog. The therapist is making use of

age regression

François was dismayed to discover that some of his football teammates were using drugs to enhance their footwork and endurance on the playing field. Which of the following drugs were the players most likely using?

amphetamines

Barbiturates

are tranquilizers

Sixteen-year-old Bethany is becoming increasingly concerned about her use of marijuana on weekends. In order to reduce her use of this drug Bethany should stop

associating with friends who use marijuana

The school of thought in psychology that systematically avoided the study of consciousness during the first half of this century was

behaviorism

hallucinogens effect

cause change in perception of reality cause hallucinations

Our resistance to going to bed as early as we had planned is most likely a reflection of the

circadian rhythm

biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24 hour cycle

circadian rhythm

Soon after taking a psychoactive drug, Zachary experienced a diminished appetite, an increased pulse rate, dilated pupils, and feelings of self-confidence and euphoria. Zachary most likely experienced the effects of

cocaine

Common misconceptions about addiction

1- It can't be a disease. It's a lack of willpower. 2- If you want to bad enough, you can control it. 3-You are just trading one addiction for another if you use anti-addiction medicines to control your urges.

Hypnotic theories on states of consciousness

1- Role theory: Hypnosis is not altered state, different levels of hypnotic suggestibility, social phenomenon people want to believe, works better on people with vivid fantasy life 2- State theory: hypnosis is altered state of consciousness, dramatic health benefits, works best for pain relief

The human sleep cycle repeats itself about every

90 minutes

relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

Alpha Waves

Alcoholism is genetically influenced

Children whose parents abuse alcohol have a relatively high tolerance for alcohol.

large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

Delta Waves

our awareness of ourselves and our environment.

consciousness

One of the immediate effects of ecstasy is

dehydration

drugs (alcohol) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

depressants

split in consciousness that allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others

dissociation

Near-death experiences are quite similar to

drug-induced hallucinogenic experiences.

the presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact

dualism

amphetamine derivative that acts as a mild hallucinogen

ecstasy

Repeated use of an opiate decreases the brain's production of

endorphins

Research studies of the content of dreams indicate that people are more likely to dream of

failure than success

REM rebound involves the tendency for REM sleep to increase

following REM sleep deprivation

false sensory experiences

hallucinations

psychedelic drugs (LSD) that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

hallucinogens

REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because our nervous system is ______________, while our voluntary muscles ______________.

highly active, hardly move

Sensations of falling or floating weightlessly ( ____________) are most closely associated with _______ sleep.

hypnogogic sensations; stsge 1

The absence of a _______________ neural center that produces ________________ has been linked to narcolepsy.

hypothalamic; hypocretin

Sleep deprivation has been shown to diminish

immunity to disease

Traffic accident rates have been found to __________ after the spring change to daylight savings time and to __________ after the fall change back to standard time.

increase, decrease

recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

insomnia

Greg remembered a recent dream in which his girlfriend suddenly grabbed the wheel of his speeding car to prevent him from driving off the edge of a cliff. Greg's therapist suggested that the dream might be a representation of the girlfriend's frantic efforts to save the couple from sexual disaster. According to Freud, the therapist was attempting to reveal ___________________ content

latent

underlying meaning of a dream

latent content

As Inge recalled her dream, she was dancing with a tall, dark gentleman when suddenly the music shifted to loud rock and the man disappeared. According to Freud, Inge's account represents the

manifest content

remembered storyline of a dream

manifest content

Mrs. Roberts, who suffers from AIDS, has been given an ordinarily illegal drug at the university hospital. Considering her specific medical condition, it is likely that she has received

marijuana

THC, the active ingredient in ____________

marijuana, is classified as a hallucinogen.

Researchers are most likely to question the value of hypnosis for

memory enhancement

Research on the use of addictive drugs indicates that many people are able to stop using __________ without professional help.

morphine

During a heated argument with his teenage daughter, Mr. Reid suddenly lapsed into a state of REM sleep. Mr. Reid apparently suffers from

narcolepsy

sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks

narcolepsy

usually occur during the first few hours after falling asleep.

night terrors

Those who emphasize that mood fluctuations may be indicative of seasonal affective disorder are highlighting the importance

of biological rhythms

The most rapid increase in drug tolerance is likely to be experienced by the regular user

of heroin

The ability to simultaneously monitor the shape as well as the color of an object best illustrates the value

of parallel processing.

The theory that dreams help to solidify our memories of daytime experiences is supported by the finding that

people deprived of REM sleep remember less of certain pre-sleep information than people deprived of other sleep stages.

Unpleasant withdrawal symptoms are indicative of

physical dependence

While under hypnosis, Juanita describes her experience of being kidnapped at age 5. In suggesting that she will soon forget this traumatic event, the hypnotist is encouraging Juanita to experience

posthypnotic amnesia

Vivid dreams often involve sudden and surprising changes in scene. This best serves to support the theory that dreams are triggered by

random bursts of neural activity.

REM sleep

rapid eye movement sleep - dream stage

functions of sleep

recover, information consolidation, plays role in growth, brain development, protection

One plausible theory suggests that hypnosis

relieves pain by distracting attention.

After a stressful day at the office, Arthur has five or six drinks at a local bar before going home for dinner. Research suggests that Arthur's heavy drinking will have the most adverse effect on his ability to

remember the next day the names of the people he talked to and what he said while drinking.

When cocaine is snorted, free-based, or injected, it produces a rush of euphoria by blocking the

reuptake of dopamine

Research on susceptibility to hypnosis indicates that people who are highly responsive to hypnotic suggestion tend to have

rich fantasy lives

When Celeste was unable to obtain her regular supply of heroin, she began to develop tremors, fever, and an intense craving for the drug.

she was experiencing withdrawal symptoms

Mr. Oates always sleeps restlessly, snorting and gasping throughout the night. It is most likely that Mr. Oates suffers from

sleep apnea

sleep disorder where the person stops breathing during sleep momentarily

sleep apnea

depressants effect

slows body processes inhibit transmissions of nerve impulses alcohol

stimulants effect

speed up body processes arouse central nervous system

The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during ________ sleep are called __________.

stage 2, sleep spindles

drugs (caffeine, nicotine, cocaine) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

stimulants

The greatest danger of viewing drug addiction as a disease is

that this may lead drug addicts to feel powerless to overcome the addiction.

diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring larger and larger doses to experience the drug's effect

tolerance

Studies of daydreaming indicate that individuals who are prone to violence, delinquency, and drug usage have fewer

vivid fantasies

the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug

withdrawal

The human organism displays various reactions that are characterized by opposing tendencies. Use specific physiological or psychological mechanisms to explain how each of the opposing processes apply to drug use.

withdrawal tolerance addiction/ dependence "body compensates for euphoria by trying to bring you back down (dysphoria) "caffeine counteracts effects of barbiturates