Psychology WEEK 10 - SEX, GENDER, AND SEXUALITY

Biologist _____ pioneered the contemporary study of human sexuality in the 1940s and 1950s.

Alfred Kinsey

Research has found that married couples who report being in a deeply committed relationship before having sex also reported:

All of the answer options are correct.

Which statement is NOT true with respect to sexual orientation?

With the help of a therapist, most people easily change their sexual orientation.

The mother's egg carries an _____ chromosome, and the father's sperm carries a(n) _____ chromosome.

X; X or Y

Nakita is a woman who is sexually and romantically attracted to other women. Nakita is:

a homosexual.

A person born with an XXY chromosomal pattern is:

a male with Klinefelter syndrome.

It has been suggested that older men in many cultures tend to marry women younger than themselves because men are genetically predisposed to seek female features associated with youthful fertility. This suggestion BEST illustrates:

an evolutionary perspective.

An individual who does NOT feel sexually attracted to other people is _____.

asexual

Sexual _____ is defined as "any type of sexual contact or behavior that occurs without the explicit consent of the recipient," such as unwanted touching, molestation, and attempted or completed rape.

assault

In everyday interactions, men are more likely to state their opinions and women are more likely to offer support. However, research suggests that women tend to become more assertive and men more empathic:

at about age 50.

Jason is a 25-year-old homosexual man who wonders why he is homosexual and his two older brothers are not. Which statement might be a partial explanation?

He was exposed in utero to hormone levels typically experienced by female fetuses.

_____ prefer men who appear mature, dominant, bold, and wealthy.

Heterosexual females

_____ someone is NOT an example of relational aggression.

Hitting

Think back to the "Magellans of the mind" discussed in Chapter 1 in the textbook. Because a gender schema is a framework in children's minds, the concept of such a schema reflects the legacy of the Swiss biologist:

Jean Piaget.

Jerome is a man who is sexually and romantically attracted to both men and women. Jerome is:

bisexual

Shasta is a woman who is sexually and romantically attracted to both men and women. Shasta is _____.

bisexual

An individual who is sexually or romantically attracted to members of either sex is:

bisexual.

We are the product of _____, but we are also an open system.

both genetics and environment

The results of an Australian study of heterosexual male skateboarders (Ronay and von Hippel, 2010) suggested that with respect to sexual arousal, testosterone may be:

both the result and the cause.

Critics of evolutionary psychology are particularly likely to emphasize that gender differences in mate preferences can also be by-products of:

cultural practices.

The extensive viewing of online pornography _____ sexual desire.

decreases

Compared with women, men tend to be less vulnerable to:

depression and anxiety.

The man contributes _____ when a man and a woman conceive a child.

either an X or a Y chromosome

Jamal is unable to have an erection and has gone to his doctor to discuss the problem. Jamal's doctor referred to this problem as:

erectile disorder.

Randall is a 25-year-old homosexual man who wonders why he is homosexual and his two brothers are not. A partial explanation might be that he was exposed prenatally to levels of the hormone _____ that are typically experienced by female fetuses.

estrogen

Injections of _____for women and _____for men can restore sexual interest and sexual drive.

estrogen; testosterone

Dr. Endsley suggests that the increasing problem of obesity in Western cultures might be attributable to our inherited predisposition to love the taste of sweets and fats. Although these foods were difficult for our ancestors to find, they helped them to survive famines. Now these foods are easily available, and Westerners are eating too much of them. Dr. Endsley is MOST likely a(n) _____ psychologist.

evolutionary

Dr. Jennings argues that people help others because it feels good to do so; it is rewarding. Dr. Turner notes that people are most likely to help family or other kin; helping therefore promotes the persistence of their genes. Dr. Turner is MOST likely a(n) _____ psychologist.

evolutionary

Dr. Matlin suggests that the increasing problem of obesity in Western cultures might be attributable to our inherited predisposition to love the taste of sweets and fats. Although these foods were difficult for our ancestors to find, they helped them to survive famines. Now these foods are easily available, and Westerners are eating too much of them. Dr. Matlin is MOST likely a(n) _____ psychologist.

evolutionary

Owen considers himself, based on his psychological sense of himself, to be male. This self-perception could be characterized as Owen's _____.

identity

The term gender _____ refers to the feeling or sense of being either male or female.

identity

A(n) _____ individual has ambiguous or inconsistent indicators of male or female in the sexual structures or organs.

intersex

The term _____ refers to possessing biological sexual characteristics of both sexes.

intersex

A bisexual individual:

is attracted to members of both sexes.

Evolutionary psychologists attribute gender differences in sexuality to the fact that women have:

lower reproductive potential than men.

In everyday interactions, men are more likely to state their opinions, while women are more likely to offer support. However, women tend to become more assertive and men more empathetic in:

middle age.

As compared with women, men think about sex _____ often and view _____ pornography.

more,more

The prevalence of genetically predisposed traits that have a reproductive advantage is BEST explained in terms of:

natural selection.

Sex is to _____ as gender is to _____.

nature; nature and nurture

Think back to the textbook's discussion of research methods in psychology in Chapter 1. "Frequency of orgasms" is a(n) _____ definition of sexual satisfaction.

operational

A person's enduring sexual attraction toward members of his or her own sex, the other sex, or both sexes is called his or her sexual:

orientation.

Alison's sexual attraction is not restricted to any particular sex or gender identity. Alison is MOST likely to identify as:

pansexual

An individual whose sexual and romantic attraction is not restricted to any sex or gender identity is called _____.

pansexual

Stephie's sexual attraction is not restricted to any sex or gender identity. This is an example of

pansexual

Masters and Johnson's groundbreaking human sexual response research was based on:

physiological measurement.

The level of commitment in a relationship before the relationship becomes sexual is _____ correlated with relationship satisfaction later on.

positively

Primary and secondary sex characteristics develop during:

puberty

During the _____ phase of the sexual response, males are unable to have another orgasm immediately.

resolution

During which phase of the sexual response cycle does the refractory period begin?

resolution

In the sexual response cycle, heart rate and respiration drop during the _____ phase.

resolution

The human sexual response cycle concludes with the _____ phase.

resolution

A _____ is a set of expectations associated with a particular social position.

role

A gender _____ is a set of expected behaviors for males and females.

role

A college instructor is expected to teach classes, assess students' work, and advise students. These expectations are part of a college instructor's:

role.

Two generations ago, men in the United States were expected to initiate dates and women to select wedding gifts. This BEST illustrates aspects of gender _____.

roles

Two generations ago, men in the United States were expected to initiate dates and women to select wedding gifts. This BEST illustrates aspects of gender:

roles

To study the sexual response of men and women in general, William Masters and Virginia Johnson studied 312 men and 382 women. These participants are called a(n):

sample.

Our own concepts of masculinity and femininity that influence our comprehension of the world are called gender _____.

schemas

Which factor does NOT play a role in evolution?

schemas

Our own concepts of masculinity and femininity that influence our comprehension of the world are called gender:

schemas.

Which influence on sexual motivation is matched with the correct level of analysis in the biopsychosocial model?

sexual fantasies, psychological

The older-brother effect refers to a factor that seems to be associated with:

sexual orientation.

Irene's psychology instructor remarks that gender roles may be acquired by imitating others. Irene is immediately reminded of _____ theory.

social learning

Nine-year-old Jared has one very good friend. The two boys spend a great deal of time playing one-on-one basketball and often can be heard talking to each other about a wide range of personal topics. Compared with other boys his age, Jared's social behavior is:

somewhat unusual because most boys his age typically play in large groups and do not engage in intimate discussion.

Dr. Robb argues that people help others because it feels good to do so; it is rewarding. Dr. Wayne notes that people are most likely to help family or other kin; helping therefore promotes the persistence of their genes. Dr. Wayne is MOST likely a(n) _____ psychologist.

evolutionary

Some psychologists have explained gender differences in aggression by arguing that because females are more likely to suffer bodily injury in a physical confrontation, they tend to opt for relational aggression. This statement is MOST closely consistent with the _____ perspective in psychology.

evolutionary

Some researchers believe that homosexuality is adaptive because gay men and lesbians support reproduction in the family by helping relatives care for their children. This argument reflects the _____ perspective in psychology.

evolutionary

The study of how our behavior and mind have changed in adaptive ways over time due to natural selection is called _____ psychology.

evolutionary

During the _____ phase of the sexual response cycle, a woman's genital areas become engorged with blood, her vagina expands and secretes lubricant, and her breast and nipples may enlarge.

excitement

Men are _____ times more likely to suffer from alcoholism than women are.

four

Research has revealed that there are _____stages in the human sexual response cycle.

four

In the introduction to Chapter 4—Sex, Gender, and Sexuality—the text defines a person's _____ as his or her culture's expectations about what it means to be male or female.

gender

The term _____ refers to the socially influenced characteristics by which people define men and women.

gender

In the introduction to Chapter 4, the text defines a person's _____ as his or her sense of being male, female, neither, or some combination of male and female.

gender identity

The concept of _____ assumes that children organize their experiences as male-female characteristics and help them think about their gender identity.

gender schema

The acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role is called:

gender typing.

Which cause might be responsible for differences in sexual orientation?

genetics and brain differences

A _____ person is sexually attracted to members of the same sex, and a _____ person is sexually attracted to both sexes.

homosexual; bisexual

According to one study, a section of the brain's _____ has been found to be larger in heterosexual men than in homosexual men.

hypothalamus

Men report that their MOST intimate and nurturing friendships tend to be:

with women.

For _____ especially, sex is more satisfying if the couple is in a committed relationship.

women

When used by people with an infected partner, condoms have been _____ percent effective in preventing transmission of HIV.

80

The initial spasms of male and female orgasm come at _____-second intervals.

0.8

In a study described in the textbook, a male and a female each approached strangers of the other sex on a college campus. Approximately _____ percent of the women who were approached agreed to sleep with the male, and _____ percent of the men who were approached agreed to sleep with the female that night.

0; 70

Today, 1 in _____ medical students are women.

2

Gerald and Jennifer are having a play date. Of the toys presented to them, Gerald shows a preference for the balls and blocks, while Jennifer shows a preference for the dolls and art activities. It is likely that Gerald and Jennifer are at LEAST age:

3

Baby Nicole should understand masculine and feminine gender roles by the time she is _____ old.

3 years

From 1965 to 2016, women went from 9 percent to _____ percent of U.S. medical students.

47

Gender-role stereotypes are MOST apparent around the age of _____ years.

5 or 6

What percentage of sperm carries the X chromosome?

50 percent

_____ people are sexually or romantically attracted to members of either sex.

Bisexual

_____ is a sex hormone that is secreted in greater amounts in females than in males.

Estrogen

_____ selection is the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, the ones MOST likely to be passed on to succeeding generations are those that increase the organism's chances of surviving and reproducing in its environment. Please type the correct answer in the following input field, and then select the submit answer button or press the enter key when finished.

Natural

Which statement is true with respect to the prevalence and acceptance of homosexuality across cultures?

Same-sex relationships are illegal throughout most of Africa.

_____ is the biological characteristics of being male or female, whereas _____ is the behavioral characteristics that people associate with boy, girl, man, and woman.

Sex; gender

The researcher MOST closely associated with the study of brain differences related to sexual orientation is _____.

Simon LeVay

The researcher MOST closely associated with the study of brain differences related to sexual orientation is:

Simon LeVay.

_____ theory assumes that children acquire gender-linked behaviors by observing and imitating others and through the rewards and punishments they receive for their imitation.

Social learning

The removal of a woman's ovaries may contribute to decreasing sexual interest because her natural _____ level is lowered.

testosterone

The traits that heterosexual men find attractive in women are culturally _____; one such trait is _____.

universal; smooth skin