psychometrics test 2 pt 3

12. Know and be able to calculate IQ using mental age and chronological age.

Divide mental age by chronological age times 100

17. what is the difference between a high sensitivity trade off and a low

HS the test cut off comes in when the person shouldn't be diagnosed but does = false +

1937 Stanford Binet

• Age range 2 to 22 • Improved scoring and instructions • Improved standardization: 11 states • But: still only whites

1st Revision (1908)

203 French kids, 60 items • Two Major Concepts • Age scale: items were grouped according to age level rather than difficulty • Mental age: performance compared with average individuals in a specific, chronological age group • Weaknesses • The scale only produced one score • It was strongly related to verbal, language, reading ability (crystallized) • Impossible to compare performance on different tasks

5. Binet searched for tasks that could be completed by what percentage of children in a particular age group?

66 to 70 percent or 2/3rd! 3/4ths

6. How did Spearman define intelligence?

According to Spearman's theory, intelligence consists of one general factor (g) plus a large number of specific factors (This will be on the test)

15. What is meant by sensitivity?

Accuracy of the test in identifying delaying development (finding true positives)

16. What is meant by specificity?

Accuracy of the test in identifying individuals who are not delayed (avoiding false positive)

3. What two major concepts guided Binet?

Age differentiation General mental ability

9. What is positive manifold?

All tests no matter how diverse measure g

14. Define and differentiate basal and ceiling. Be able to give an example of each

Basal: a minimum criterion number of correct bid obtained before moving on, Ceiling: a specified number of incorrect responses( indicates they have reached their peak)

13. What is a deviation IQ and how was it used in the Stanford

Binet scale? - Deviation is = standard score with a mean of 100 and sd of 16 was used to compare iqs of different age levels by correcting for differences in variability at the various age levels.

1916 Stanford Binet

Concepts to Encode • The standardization sample is important • 1000 children, ages 3 to 14 • Test used only white, native-Californian children as the norm group, Introduced the Concept of the intelligence quotient (IQ)

8. What statistical method did Spearman develop to support his notion of g? How does it work?

Factor analysis • Reducing a set of variables to a smaller number of factors • As a rule, approximately half of the variance in a set of diverse mental ability tests is represented in the g factor.

7. What concept did Spearman introduce? What does this concept mean?

G and positive manifold (basically g is mental energy, was based on the well-documented phenomenon that when a set of diverse ability tests are administered to large unbiased samples of the population, almost all of the correlations are positive.

1986 and 2003 Stanford Binet Revisions

Incorporate gc-gf theory • Based on hierarchical model • Top is overall IQ, or g (general intelligence) • Next level: • Crystallized abilities: reflects learning, realization of potential thru experience • 2 subcategories: verbal and nonverbal reasoning • Fluid-analytic abilities: our potential, ability to acquire crystallized • Short-term memory: amount one can retain after brief presentation • Today's Binet more based on Thurstone than Spearman • Multidimensional model of intelligence instead of intelligence being one thing • 1986 revision considered a misstep Current revisions: age scale based subtests, help determine the start and stopping points

1. What were the three independent research traditions identified by Taylor to study human intelligence?

Psychometric approach - how it's related to something, Oldest approach and focus of chapter, Examines the elemental structure of a test, Examines test properties through evaluating its correlates and underlying dimensions, 1.2 Information processing approach examines the processes that underlie how we learn and solve problems 1.3 Cognitive approach - focuses on how humans adapt to real world demands

1960 Stanford Binet (big year for IQ measurement)

Rejected IQ concept • Deviation IQ (this is incredibly important) • Mean of 100 and SD of 16 (today it is 15) (like a Z score distribution) • Mean set at 50th percentile, created representative samples at each age level • Allows comparison of IQs of one age level with another • Interpret in terms of standard deviations and percentiles • 1972: new normative sample of 2100 children, first to include nonwhite children • Today deviation IQ method is considered most precise way of expressing results of IQ

4. Know age differentiation, mental age, general mental ability.

differentiating older from younger

2. Through what 3 facilities did Binet believe intelligence expressed itself?

judgment, attention, reasoning

Gf (fluid intelligence)

the abilities that allow us to reason, think, and acquire new knowledge. - abilities that allow us to learn and acquire information.

Gc (crystallized)

the knowledge and understanding we have acquired - the actual learning that has occurred