Psychopathology

Which of the following would be associated with factitious disorder?

A woman holds a thermometer up to a hot surface to create a hot tempurature reading and then uses it as "evidence" that she has a fever

In children, the symptoms of mania may be close to those of __________.

ADHD

Samantha does not seem to be able to speak very well and her speech is sometimes slurred. She may be experiencing which of the following?

Alogia

major depressive episode is required for which of the following

Bipolar II disorder

Caffeine produces its effects by directly influencing the functioning of the __________

Central nervous system

Select the statement that is FALSE about cocaine.

Cocaine, although powerful in effect, is not highly addictive

"So many men get prostate cancer, it must be some type of unidentified bacterial infection." This inaccurate belief about illness supports a __________ theory of somatic symptom disorders.

Cognitive

A person frantically calls the State Attorney's Office to report someone trying to "control" her by broadcasting her thoughts through her television. Highly agitated, she requests a thorough investigation. The content of this call typifies ___

Delusions of influence

Despite affecting many neurotransmitters, alcohol has a particularly powerful effect on the neurotransmitter ___

GABA

The two structural brain abnormalities that are consistently found in people with schizophrenia are __________.

Increases size of brain ventricles and decreased amounds of gray matter

Choose the statement below that is TRUE regarding caffeine use

It may result in accute caffeine intoxication.

John and Ira eat dinner together after work. Several hours later, each starts to feel nausea and stomach pains. John has a somatic symptom disorder, Ira does not. Most likely

John will think he has stomach cancer and ira will think the food made him sick

According to the American Psychiatric Association, substance use is defined as __________.

Low to moderate use with no functional impairment in any sphere

Which of the following is a way to distinguish between someone with conversion disorder and someone who is malingering?

People with conversion disorder are very willing to talk about their symptoms; minlingerers will be more cautious

Positive symptoms refer to the __________.

Presence of bahaviors, thoughts, or feelings that are absent in people who do not have a psychiatric illness

The signs of depression in young people include all of the following EXCEPT _____

Racing thoughts

After learning of her father's death, Sophia felt dazed and confused but still retained her sense of self. When speaking of her response to the news, she said she felt like she was in a movie watching the events happening to her. Despite this strange feeling, she understood what was happening and did the things that she needed to do. What can be said of Sophia's response to her father's death?

She experienced an instance of derealization.

ames has schizophrenia and his main concern is his inability to successfully interview for a job. Which treatment below might be most useful to help James?

Social Skills training

According to proponents of dissociative identity disorder, a failure of __________ may cause the onset of the illness.

The "normal" process of personality integration

Select the statement that is TRUE of mood disorders.

They include conditions charateriszed by abnormally high moods

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the cross-tolerant relationship between benzodiazepines and alcohol?

Tolerance to one means tolerance to the other

George, who was drinking 12 beers a day, just stopped drinking and noticed that he was trembling and feeling nauseated. He is likely experiencing which of the following?

Withdrawl

Empirical trials that have investigated dissociative identity disorder suggest that between 10% and 21% of patients have _________

abnormal brain activity

The endogenous opioid system is involved in the reinforcing effects of __________.

alcohol

Dr. Albornoz is a scientist researching the genetic variations of a particular gene among family members with a mood disorder. He intends to contrast these findings with a matched sample of families without the disorder. What method of study is Dr. Albornoz employing?

an association study

Compared with people who do not have schizophrenia, synaptic pruning occurs __________ in people who do have the disorder.

at a faster rate

Each of the following has been shown to be a likely contributing explanation for the gender difference in depression, EXCEPT:

bias in who seeks treatment (artifact theory)

Shortly after the police told Lucy that her 12-year-old daughter had been killed by a hit-and-run driver, she went into a catatonic state. A few hours later, she began to hear voices, and her speech became disorganized. She said that an angel had come to visit her. These symptoms stopped after several days. Lucy was suffering from

brief psychotic disorder

THC is the active ingredient in marijuana. It produces a sense of euphoria by stimulating __________.

cannabinoid receptors, thereby activating the dopamine reward system

Tad is being treated for factitious disorder and is currently undergoing relaxation training. He is most likely being seen by a therapist with which of the following orientations?

cognitive behavioral

Which of the following limits the ability of patients with schizophrenia to recall aspects of their personal history accurately?

cognitive deficits

Patients with schizophrenia are at high risk for victimization because they frequently live in unsafe conditions and __________.

cognitive impairments make them easy targets

Dr. Santos is investigating the positive effects of drugs using an animal model paradigm. She establishes two different cages: cage A is neutral and drug-free, while cage B contains a drug. She exposes the animal to both cages and records the amount of time the animal spends in each cage in an attempt to assess the positive effects of the "drug environment." Which type of model is she using?

conditioned place preference

Nicole, a 23-year-old graduate student, is convinced that she contracted mad cow disease while studying in Great Britain. She has seen many doctors, including neurologists, who all confirm that she is healthy. Despite their reassurances, Nicole continues to believe that she is ill and plans to continue her "doctor shopping" until she is diagnosed with the disease. Nicole does not report any disruptions in her academic, social, or work life. Given this information, Nicole's diagnosis would be __________.

delusional disorder

A few weeks ago, Marne experienced a sudden feeling of being removed from her body and observing herself sitting in class taking notes. This unusual experience has recurred. Yesterday, she had a sense that the hand that was writing notes was not her hand; she felt no pressure of the pencil against her fingers. Which of the following is most likely Marne's diagnosis?

depersonalization/ derealization disorder

Even though approximately 20% of the general population report physical symptoms with no organic basis, many __________.

do not meet DSM criteria for a somatic symptom disorder

Using neuroimaging studies, scientists have identified several contributory factors in the etiology of depression, including __________

dyfunctional neurotransmitter pathways

Codeine, morphine, and heroin produce pain relief and a sense of euphoria. They mimic the effects of the body's natural opioids, which include __________.

endorphins and enkephalins

The term "recurrent," as applied to mood disorders, means that the patient __________

experiences several episodes, separated by periods of normal mood

A mother brings her child into the hospital emergency room repeatedly for various illnesses that include breathing problems, diarrhea, and seizures. The doctors could not find anything wrong with the child and determined that the symptoms were actually induced by the mother. What would this disorder be called?

factitious disorder imposed on another

Danny has a long history of alcohol abuse. He prefers whiskey and drinks it daily. When he was jailed for several days after an arrest for DWI, he began to experience tingling sensations over his body that felt like "a million ants scurrying over his skin." Knowing Danny's excessive consumption of alcohol, what might this unusual sensation be labeled?

formication

Evidence obtained from family, twin, and genetic studies of mood disorders tells us that __________.

genes influence the risk for major depression

Jane keeps thinking that she is tasting something sweet, even though there is no candy in her mouth. What type of hallucinations is she experiencing?

gustatory

Jeremy suffers from dissociative amnesia. He probably _______

had trouble remembering information stored before a traumatic incident

Despite the fact that hallucinogens are not physically addictive and do not produce the classic withdrawal symptoms, their use may result in

hallucinogen persisting perception disorder

Ronald is an artist who has periods where he enjoys being hyper and staying up all night to do his artwork. He's super happy and productive in these moods. He may be experiencing which of the following?

hypomania

"Doctor, I know I have a terrible disease and you just aren't telling me. I do not believe you when you say everything checked out okay." Which DSM-5 diagnosis might be typical for someone making those comments?

illness anxiety disorder

Earl falls at work. The initial medical tests showed no major physical problems. However, Earl calls the next day and tells his boss that he is unable to use his right leg because it is paralyzed. He also informs his boss that he plans to sue the company. Earl most likely ________

is malingering

A patient with somatic symptom disorder would not have which of the following categories of physical complaints?

la belle indifference

Henry's very first date turned out to be a disaster. After that, he never went on another date again, assuming they would all turn out the same. Which of the following best describes this scenario?

learned helplessness

The term "expressed emotion" is used to describe the __________ and __________ found among family members of persons with schizophrenic disorder.

level of emotional involvement ; critical attitudes

Jill was the victim of a fender-bender accident in which she was driving a car struck in a parking lot. Although she felt well initially, she developed back pain after being contacted by the other driver's insurance company. A thorough review of her medical complaints by her physician found no signs of an actual medical disorder. Nevertheless, Jill maintains that she has severe back pain that limits all of her activities except attending college classes. Given this case scenario, what condition might Jill be presenting?

malingering

In addition to the biological consequences of chronic drug use by adolescents, there are also social consequences. One may be "arrested development," which means __________.

missed social experiences/ oppurtunity and emotional growth

Maria has had a week of extreme "ups and downs." On Monday, after a wonderful weekend of homecoming events, she noticed herself feeling a bit blue and saddened. At first, she suspected it was just the letdown after all of the activities; however, her mood darkened until Friday when she found herself "over the moon" for no apparent reason. She was happy, care-free, full of energy, and exceedingly optimistic about her career. She even managed to whip out a 25-page research paper for her Research Methods class before nightfall. She loved these periods of boundless energy as they allowed her to accomplish much work with little need for sleep or eating. Given this overview of Maria's behavior during the week, what might be a clinical descriptor for it?

mixed state

Research using fMRI studies of patients with bipolar disorder undergoing emotional and cognitive tasks has shown abnormal brain activity in __________.

multiple regions

From a biological perspective, schizophrenia is best conceptualized as what kind of disorder?

neurodevelopmental

Conversion disorders and neurological problems may be discriminated from each other on the basis of __________.

neurological patterns

Higher doses of THC in marijuana are associated with visual and auditory activity and fascination, increased heart rate and, on some occasions, __________.

panic

Cognitive-behavioral therapy approaches the treatment of dissociative disorders by assuming that __________.

people misinterpret physicological cues

Ken is becoming noticeably less hygienic, has stopped dressing nicely, and looks like he has not shaved in weeks. This is likely an example of which of the following?

prodromal phase

Select the statement below that is TRUE of schizophrenia in the U.S.

rates of diagnosis are not equally common among ethnic groups

In substance misuse treatment, the technique of stimulus avoidance aims at reducing __________.

relapse rates

Low levels of __________ and __________ are thought to be contributing factors in the development of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

serotonin and dopamine

nterpersonal and social rhythm therapy (IPSRT) encourages patients with bipolar disorder to __________.

sleep, eat, and take part in social activity on a regular schedule

The notion that sufferers of somatic symptom disorders may experience bodily sensations as intense, noxious, and disturbing is known as __________

somatic amplification

Derrick has experienced intense pain in his lower back for the last 18 months. Even though an extensive medical evaluation found no physical basis for his complaints, he feels in too much pain to return to work. Derrick is becoming angry and depressed over his doctor's view that his problem is in his head and often spends time visiting emergency rooms for pain medication. Given what you know, what may Derrick be experiencing?

somatic symptom disorder

Heather complains of weakness in the left side of her body, nausea, difficulty walking, and severe headaches. Although she has had a complete medical work-up, no physiological basis for her complaints has been found. Despite this medical clearance, she does not feel well enough to return to college studies. Which of the following best describes Heather's symptoms?

somatic symptom disorder

Caffeine is classified as which kind of drug?

stimulant