PTEC 203 - Assignment 4 - Chapter 3 Theories of Accident Causation

What are the key components of the Epidemiological Theory of Accident Causation? 2

*Predispositional Characteristics *Situational Characteristics

The systems theory views a situation in which an accident might occur as a system comprised of __ ,__ , and__.

*environment, machine and person

The most common causes of injuries to obese people were/are the result of __ and __.

*overexertion *falls

A [___] is a group of regularly interacting and interrelated components that together form a unified whole.

*system

According to the Mental health professional, what is the estimate ratio of workers who suffer from clinical depression?

1:20

T/F According to Heinrich's Axioms on Industrial Safety, the plant manager is the key person concerning industrial accidents.

False

T/F Because many companies have implemented drug free workplace policies, generally, drug and alcohol abuse contribute to a very small percentage of on-the-job accidents.

False

T/F Epidemiological theory has focused on accidents caused by overload, inappropriate response, and inappropriate activities.

False

T/F Often the cause of an accident can be adequately explained by any one of the model offered in the textbook.

False

T/F One of the leading causes of accidents in the workplace is the failure of "The Occupational Safety and Health Administration" to do its part to ensure a safe and healthy work environment.

False

T/F The domino theory of accident causation is used to predict and prevent accidents.

False

T/F The systems theory of accident causation views any stem in which an accident might occur as a system with one component.

False

All of the factors listed are the attributes of "Inappropriate Response" except.

Performing tasks without the requisite training (Ignoring safety, Detecting a hazard but not correcting it, Removing safeguards from machines and equipment )

All of the following are Predispositional Characteristics except:

peer pressure (perceptions, environmental factors, Susceptibility of people )

Three factors that lead to human error in the human factors theory are which of the following?

Overload, inappropriate response, and inappropriate activities

[_____ ___] is an unsafe condition unintentionally designed into a work station.

* Ergonomic trap

In Hebert W. Heinrich study during the 1920's concerning industrial accident, he concluded that [__] percent of industrial accidents were caused by unsafe conditions.

*10

In the workplace, there is one accidental death approximately every __ minutes and one injury every __ seconds.

*51 minutes and 19 seconds

In Hebert W. Heinrich study during the 1920's concerning industrial accident, he concluded that [__] percent of industrial accidents were caused by unsafe act committed by fellow workers.

*88

According to Heinrich, in sequence, what are the five factors leading up to an accident?

*Ancestry and social environment *Unsafe act/mechanical or physical hazard *Accident *injury

As listed in the textbook, there are 7 of the most widely known theories of accident causation.

*Domino Theory of Accident Causation *Human Factors Theory of Accident Causation *Accident/Incident Theory of Accident Causation *Epidemiological Theory of Accident Causation *Systems Theory of Accident Causation *Combination Theory of Accident Causation *Behavioral Theory of Accident Causation

As listed in the textbook, what factors are the 3 attributes of "Overload?"

*Environmental factors *internal factors *situational factors

As listed in the textbook__ __ __ __ and __ are five factor that should be considered before beginning the process of collecting information, weighing risks, and making a decision.

*Job requirements *The workers' abilities and limitations *The gain if the task is successfully accomplished *The loss if the task is attempted but fails *The loss if the task is not attempted

As listed in the textbook, according to Petersen's theory, what are some ways system failure can occur? 5

*Management does not establish a comprehensive safety policy. *Responsibility and authority with regard to safety are not clearly defined. *Safety procedures are ignored or given insufficient attention. *Employees do not receive proper orientation. *Employees are not given sufficient safety training.

As listed in the textbook, based on the Human Factor Theory, the broad factor that lead to human error are __, __, and __.

*Overload *inappropriate response *inappropriate activities

All of the following are Situational Characteristics except:

*Perceptions (Priorities of the supervisor, Risk assessment by individuals, Attitude, peer pressure)

As worded in the textbook ___,__,___,___,___ and ____ are six warning signs of clinical depression in employees

*Persistent dreary moods (sadness, anxiety, nervousness) *Signs of too little sleep *Sleeping on the job or persistent drowsiness *Sudden weight loss or gain *General loss of interest, especially in areas of previous interest *Restlessness, inability to concentrate, or irritability *Chronic physical problems (headaches, digestive disorders, etc.) *Forgetfulness or an inability to make simple decisions *Persistent feelings of guilt *Feelings of low self-worth *Focus on death or talk of suicide

In a typical year, ____ persons are injured in industrial work places.

7,128,000

Ergonomic traps, overload, and/or a decision to err lead to human error in the [____] Theory of Accident Causation.

Accident/incident theory

In which of the following theories may an actual cause be combined with two or more models?

Combination theory

All of the factors listed are the attributes of "Inappropriate Activities" except

Detecting a hazard but not correcting it (Performing tasks without the requisite training, Misjudging the degree of risk involved with a given task)

T/F An accident program does not have to take all the axioms into account to be effective.

True

T/F The accident/incident theory is an extension of the human factors theory.

True

T/F Theories of accident causation are used to predict and prevent accidents.

True

T/F There is a strong correlation between obesity and injuries.

True

T/F Why accidents do happen is a concern for safety and health decision makers.

True

T/FThe human factors theory of accident causation attributes accidents to a chain of events caused by human error.

True

The findings of Herbert W. Heinrich's 1920s study of the causes of industrial accidents are which of the following?

Unsafe acts committed by fellow workers