Public Speaking CH 7, 8, 10, 15
What are three criteria for evaluating the soundness of research materials that you find on the internet?
1. Authorship 2. Sponsorship 3. Recency
What are the three stages of a research interview? What should you do in each stage to help ensure a successful interview?
1. Before the interview -Figure out your purpose -Decide who to interview -Arrange the interview -Decide to record the interview -Prepare questions 2. During the interview -Dress appropriately and be on time -Repeat the purpose on the interview -Set up the recorder, if used -Keep the interview on track -Listen carefully -Don't overstay your welcome 3. After the interview -Review your notes ASAP -Transcribe your notes
What are the three kinds of examples discussed in this chapter? How might you use each kind to support you ideas?
1. Brief- specific instances, can pile them on 2. Extended- pull listeners into a speech 3. Hypothetical- relates directly to the listeners, gets them involved
Why it it important to start your speech research early?
1. Ensures time to find resources. 2. Gives time to think about what you find. 3. More time you have more all pieces fit.
What are five resources for finding what you need in the libary?
1. Librarians 2. The catalogue 3. Reference works 4. Newspaper and periodical databases 5. Academic databases
What four things should you do to take research notes efficiently?
1. Take plenty of notes 2. Record notes in a consistent format 3. Make a separate entry for each note 4. Distinguish among direct quotes, paraphrases, and your own ideas
What are six tips for using statistics in your speeches?
1. Use to quantify your ideas 2. Use sparingly 3. Identify the sources of your statistics 4. Explain your statistics 5. Round off complicated statistics 6. Use visual aids to clarify statistical trends
Informative speech
A speech designed to convey knowledge and understanding
What are three methods you can use to avoid abstractions in your informative speech?
Descriptions, compare and contrast.
What does it mean to say that informative speakers should personalize their ideas?
Examples of real life stories, human face to the topic.
What is testimony? Explain the difference between expert testimony and peer testimony?
Expert testimony is from someone learned on the subject and peer is an ordinary person
What are the four objectives a speech introduction?
Get the attention and interest of your audience Reveal the topic of your speech establish your credibility and good will preview the body of the speech
why is it important to draw on your own knowledge and experience in gathering materials for your speeches?
It makes your speech more meaningful.
What two things should you watch out for in making sure your speech is not overly technical?
Not understood concepts and using technical words.
What are the four types of informative speeches discussed in the chapter? Give an example of a good specific purpose statement for each type.
Objects, processes, events, and concepts. Objects- to inform the audience about three major kinds of service dogs. Processes- to inform my audience how flash floods develop. Events- to inform audience about three aspects of the Mardi Gras celebration in New Orleans. Concepts- to inform audience of the basic principles of Confucianism.
Why is it so easy to lie with statistics? What three questions should you ask to judge the reliability of statistics?
There is more to them than reaches the eye. 1. Are they representative? 2. Are statistical measures used correctly? 3. Are the statistics from a reliable source?
What should you do as an informative speaker to relate your topic directly to the audience?
Tie it in with their interests and concerns. Using you and your increases audience understanding of the speakers ideas.
Why do you need supporting materials in your speeches?
To bolster the speaker's POV
Why is it important for informative speakers to be creative in thinking about ways to communicate their ideas?
Use language imaginatively and resourcefully.
What are five tips for using examples in you speeches?
Use them to clarify your ideas. Use them to reinforce your ideas. Use them to personalize your ideas. Make them vivd and richly textured. Practice delivery to enhance your extended examples
Why must informative speakers be careful not to overestimate what the audience knows about the topic? What can you do to make sure your ideas don't pass over the heads of your listeners?
You can't assume they will know what your topic is. Be sure to explain everything thoroughly. Make sure it is clear to someone who is hearing about the topic for the first time.
concept
a belief, theory, idea, notion, principle, or the like
crescendo ending
a conclusion in which the speech builds to a zenith of power and intensity
dissolve ending
a conclusions that generates emotional appeal by fading step by step to a dramatic final statement
academic database
a database that catalogues articles from scholarly journals
preliminary bibliography
a list compiled early in the research process of works that look as if they might contain helpful information about a speech topic
What is a preliminary bibliography? Why is it helpful to you in researching a speech?
a list complied early in the research process of works that look as if they might contain helpful information about a speech topic It's helpful because it keeps track of everything.
catalogue
a listing of all books, periodicals, and other resources owned by a libary
call number
a number used in libraries to classify books and periodicals and to indicate where they can be found on the shelves
rhetorical question
a question that the audience answers mentally rather than out loud
Newspaper and periodical database
a research aid that catalogues articles from a large number of magazines, journals, and newspapers
virtual libary
a search engine that combines internet technology with traditional library methods of cataloging and assessing data
brief example
a specific case referred to in passing to illustrate a point
example
a specific case used to illustrate or represent a group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences, or the like
preview statement
a statement in the introduction of a speech that identifies the main points to be discussed in the body
What is a preview statement? Why should you nearly always include a preview statement in the introduction of your speech?
a statement in the introduction of the speech that identifies the main points to be discussed in the body to tell the listeners what they should listen for in the rest of your speech
contast
a statement of the differences among two or more people, events, ideas, etc.
comparison
a statement of the similarities among two or more people, events, ideas, etc.
description
a statement that depicts a person, event, idea, or the like with clarity and vividness
extended example
a story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point
abstract
a summary of a magazine or journal article, written by someone other than the original author
process
a systematic series of actions that leads to a specific result or product
reference book
a work that synthesizes a large amount of related information for easy access by researchers EX: Encyclopedias, Yearbooks, Quotation Books, Biographical Aids
hypothetical example
an example that describes an imaginary or fictitious situation
research interview
an interview conducted to gather information for a speech
sponsoring organization
an organization that in the absence of a clearly identified author is responsible for the content of a document on the internet
event
anything that happens or is regarded as happening
object
anything that is visible, tangible, and stable in form
What are four tips for your conclusion?
keep an eye out for possible concluding material as you research, conclude with a bang, don't be long-winded, don't leave it to chance
What are six tips for your introduction?
keep it brief, lookout for possible introductory materials as you do your research, be creative, do not worry about the exact wording, work it out in detail, don't start talking to you soon
statistics
numerical data
quoting out of contexxt
qoting a statement in such a way as to distort its meaning by removing the statement from the words and phrases surrounding it
testimony
quotations or paraphrases used to support a point
What are seven methods you can use in the introduction to get the attention and interest of your audience?
related topic to the audience, State the importance of your topic, startled audience, question the audience, begin with a quotation,, or tell a story
What are the major functions of a speech conclusion?
signal the end of the speech, reinforce the central idea
What are four ways to reinforce the central idea when concluding your speech?
summarize your speech, end with a quote, make a dramatic statement, or refer to the introduction
peer testimony
testimony from ordinary people with firsthand experience or insight on a topic.
expert testimony
testimony from people who are recognized experts
direct quotation
testimony that is presented word for word
credibility
the audiences perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic
goodwill
the audiences perception of whether the speaker has the best interets of the audience in mind
mean
the average of a group of numbers
Supporting materials
the materials used to support a speakers ideas/ The three major kinds of supporting materials are examples, statistics, and testimony.
median
the middle in a group of numbers ranged form highest to lowest
mode
the number that occurs most frequently in a group of numbers
What are two ways you can signal the end of your speech?
through what you say, such as, in conclusion; manner of delivery, crescendo ending decrescendo
personalize
to present one's ideas in human terms that relate in some fashion to the experience of the audience
paraphrase
to relate or summarize a source's ideas in one's own words
Why is it important to establish your credibility at the beginning of your speech?
to show that you were called on to speak on a given topic to your listeners
