public speaking midterm NEMCC

Scrutiny fear

Anxiety resulting from being in a situation where one is being watched or observed, or where one perceives themselves as being watched

__________ refers to the process of taking an idea or mental image, associating that image with words, and then speaking those words in order to convey a message.

Encoding

The following passage from a speech introduction is an example of _____. After attending a seminar on currency security, I became fascinated by the technology developed by the Treasury Department to prevent the counterfeiting of paper money. I learned more about the subject by reading information from the Treasury Department, as well as by interviewing Donna Marshall, a security expert at Bank of America.

Gaining goodwill of the audience by establishing credibility

Which question below is NOT a factor to consider when determining if the use of content falls under the fair use provision?

How will it be used? How much will be used? What effect does this have? What is the publication date? what is the publication date ?

Which of the following is NOT a function of an effective conclusion?

Preview the main ideas.

Ryan located three excellent sources for his persuasive speech. He copied long sections from each source word for word, strung them together with a few transitions, and mentioned the sources of his information in passing. Which of the following statements best describes Ryan's situation?

Ryan is guilty of patchwork plagiarism.

When you experience communication apprehension, your body is producing extra _________, a hormone that is released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress.

adrenaline

Which of the following is out of place in a speech to inform?

advocating

If you were giving a persuasive speech on Medicare to members of the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP), the most important factor to consider when analyzing your audience would probably be the...

age of the audience

Trait-anxiety

anxiety that is aligned with, or a manifestation of, an individual's personality

During Jeremy's persuasive speech, most of the class listened carefully while two students were distracted with texting on their phones. Their actions most obviously violated which principle of ethical listening?

attentive posture

According to your textbook, which of the following is a category of psychological audience analysis?

attitudes

The _______ is the longest and most important part of the speech.

body

According to your textbook, public speaking skills are critical for which of the following?

career trajectory civic engagement all of the above intellectual development all of the above

Which organizational method is used in a speech with the following main points? I. Caused by the bite of infected mosquitoes, West Nile virus has spread throughout the United States. II. The effects of West Nile virus include flu-like symptoms, convulsions, swelling of the brain, and, in some cases, death.

casual

The 1960 Presidential debate between Richard Nixon and John F. Kennedy is a great example of how _________ (defined as the means through which a message travels) impacts communication.

channel

Here are the main points for an informative speech about the history of chocolate: I. Chocolate was originally used in Mexico as a drink by the Aztecs. II. Chocolate was introduced to Europe after the Spanish conquered the Aztecs. III. Chocolate was first made into candy during the 1800s. IV. Chocolate's popularity and uses continue to expand today. These main points are arranged in _________ order.

chronological

________ is the audience's perception of whether the speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic.

credibility

After selecting a topic, what is the next step of speech preparation?

formulating a purpose statement

_________ is the context, viewpoint, or set of presuppositions or of evaluative criteria within which a person's perception and thinking seem always to occur.

frame of reference

Josh began the introduction of his informative speech with these words: "How many of you just can't wait until spring break? How many of you plan to hit the road about a minute after your last class lets out? How many of you are looking forward to having a great time?" Which objective of a speech introduction were these words designed to fulfill?

gain the attention of the audience

Ontology

how we see the nature of reality or what we see as true or false

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in the internal process of cognitive restructuring?

identify any inconsistencies between perception and reality replace destructive thinking with supportive thinking compose a list of your specific fears identify objectively what you think compose a list of your specific fears

According to your textbook, _________ plagiarism occurs when most of the speech is the speaker's original work, but quotes or other information have been used without being cited.

incremental

Your textbook defines _________ as the act or process of deriving logical conclusions from premises known or assumed to be true.

inference

When the general purpose of your speech is to _________, you act primarily as teacher or lecturer.

inform

Identify the flaw in the following specific purpose statement for a classroom speech: "To inform my audience about the solar system."

its too general

If you are presenting a speech in the last class on the day before Thanksgiving break, would what be your greatest challenge as a speaker?

keeping the audience interested in your presentation

Corey plans to give a speech to his classmates about the principles of physics behind the design of hybrid automobiles. The most important factor for him to consider when analyzing his audience is probably its....

knowledge of the topic

According to your textbook, which of the following is category of multicultural audience analysis?

language

The act of hearing is what our body does physically; making sense of those sounds waves is called _________.

listening

__________ refers to the words, nonverbal behavior, and other signals that are transmitted from one person to another.

message

Which description is the most concrete?

my small gray Persian cat or an example similar to that

Concern by a listener about an upcoming job interview, the lack of air conditioning, or a toothache are all examples of ______ in the communication process.

noise

What, according to your textbook, is the term for anything that interferes with the transmission of a message?

noise

Ethical communication is an exchange of responsible and trustworthy messages determined by ___________________.

our moral principles

Praxeology

our preferred method of completing everyday tasks or our approach to solving problems

According to your textbook, _________ plagiarism occurs when a speaker copies word for word from two or three sources.

patchwork

An appeal to action is most appropriate in the conclusion of a(n) ______ speech.

persuasive

As Benita approached the podium, loud voices from the hallway filled the room. Before beginning her speech, she asked someone in the back of the room to close the door. In this case, Benita was dealing with....

physical noise

The _____ outline is a full-sentence outline that is used during the planning stages to flesh out ideas, arrange main points, and to rehearse the speech.

preparation outline

Which of the following is a major objective of a speech introduction?

preview and structure the speech

According to your textbook, the following passage from a speech introduction is an example of a(n) __________ . "In order for you to understand why the mariachi are significant to Hispanic culture, I will give you a brief overview of the history of the mariachi, their style of dress, and the ways they are used in entertainment today."

preview statement

According to your textbook, the last part of a speech introduction usually...

previews and structures the speech.

Beliefs

principles or assumptions about the universe

A soccer player herself, Jenine is very concerned about the growing number of serious injuries at all levels of the sport. When the time came for her persuasive speech, she presented a speech with the following main points: I. In the past ten years serious soccer injuries have risen dramatically among players of all ages and skill levels. II. The best way to control this problem is through changes in rules and training. Jenine's main points were arranged in __________ order.

problem solution

Which speech organizational style would be best for a speech with this specific purpose statement: To persuade my audience to participate in the Operation Christmas Child charity project

problem solution

Which speech organizational style would be best for a speech with this specific purpose statement: To inform my audience about the four major elements necessary for rope climbing

topical

if the following transitional statement was used before the third main point of an informative speech about charter schools, the speech would most likely be organized in __________ order. "Now that we have looked at the origins and the philosophy of charter schools, let's look at what they are accomplishing."

topical

According to your text, ________ refers to "phrases or sentences that lead from one distinct-but-connected idea to another." These phrases are the "glue" that hold a speech together and help move the audience smoothly through the presentation.

transitional statements

An _____________ presentation is a speech when you are completely unaware of your audience's characteristics.

unacquainted-audience

From the answers below, select the one that is NOT listed in your textbook as a responsible speech goal.

use inclusive language employ respectful free speech be a good listener promote diversity be a good listener

Athletes and performers are often coached to mentally picture themselves performing correctly. This process of _________ _________ can also be helpful for speakers.

visualizing success

Epistemology

what we acquire as knowledge or what counts as knowledge

Axiology

what we see as right and wrong, good and bad, fair and unfair

Which of the following is NOT listed as one of the elements of the communication process?

worldview channel noise environment Environment

The thesis statement for a speech should be

written as a complete sentence

"Improving personal relationships" is a poorly phrased specific purpose for a speech because it is

written as a fragment rather than a full infinitive phrase.

The __________ model of communication views communication as an ongoing, circular process.

Transactional

Which of the following is presented in your textbook as a guideline for ethical speechmaking?

Understand the difference between paraphrasing and direct quotations

Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to deal with stage fright?

Visualize yourself giving a successful speech.

We analyze our audience because we want to discover information that will help create ________________________.

a bond between a speaker and audience

Values

a guiding belief that regulates attitudes

Attitudes

a learned disposition to respond in a consistently favorable or unfavorable manner with respect to person, object, idea, or event

Preview Statement

a statement that lets the audience know how you will develop the speech

When the main points of your speech follow a time pattern, they are organized in

chronological order.

What do you call the psychological discomfort felt when a person is presented with two competing ideas or pieces of evidence?

cognitive dissonance

The term __________ refers to all of the people in the communication interaction or speech setting.

communicator

Which of the following strategies is least likely to help you deal with nervousness in your speeches?

concentrating on your anxiety

Which of the following suggestions does your textbook offer for preparing the introduction of a speech?

construct the introduction last

The term __________ refers to the norms that govern communication in different situations and relationships.

context

Fans of sports are ______ about their favorite teams. According to the textbook, this term means that you are prepared to discuss an issue intelligently.

conversant

Aristotle claimed that a person who had ethos, or speaker _________, was not only able to convey good sense and good will, but also good morals.

credibility

As Amanda analyzed the audience for her speech about organic foods, she focused on such things as gender, age, and cultural background. In doing so, she was engaging in _________ audience analysis.

demographic

_______ can be defined as the most recent statistical characteristics of a population.

demographics

State-anxiety

derived from the external situation within which individuals find themselves

Which of the following is NOT part of the prep work, or beginning stages, of laying a good foundation for your speech?

developing supportive for your main ideas selecting a topic formulating a purpose statement crafting a thesis statement developing a supportive topic for your main ideas

Which of the following is NOT a category of audience analysis described in your textbook?

educational analysis

Speechmaking is a form of power and therefore carries with it heavy _________ responsibilities.

ethical

"To persuade my audience that continuing to spend money on the space program is like throwing good money after bad" is a poorly phrased specific purpose statement for a speech because it is

expressed in figurative language.

According to your textbook, "words and gestures that allow you to move smoothly from one idea to the next throughout your speech, showing relationships between ideas and emphasizing important points" are called ______.

signpost

Here are the main points for an informative speech about the anatomy of the human ear: I. The outer ear includes the ear flap and the ear canal. II. The middle ear includes the eardrum and three tiny, interconnected bones. III. The inner ear includes the cochlea, the semicircular canals, and the auditory nerve. These main points are arranged in __________ order.

spatial

This type of outline uses words or short phrases to represent the components of a speech and is only used during the speech delivery. It's purpose is to help the speaker maintain effective eye contact and delivery skills.

speaking outline

"To inform my audience about the three basic steps in preventive medicine" is an example of a

specific purpose statement

According to your textbook, global plagiarism occurs when a person...

takes a speech entirely from one source and passes it off as his or her own.

The two concerns most cited as fears for students in the speech classroom include which of the following? (Choose all that apply.)

the feeling of being the center of attention the feeling that the audience is waiting for you to make a mistake

Cosmology

the way we see our relationship to the universe and other people

Heather was in the midst of an excellent speech on campus history when she made a minor mistake by giving the wrong date for the opening of a campus building. She suddenly stopped speaking and said, "Oh, I messed up." She then finished her speech, but all she could think about afterward was her mistake. What is the major piece of advice that Heather needs to be reminded about?

there is no such thing as a perfect speech

According to your textbook, _____ is one sentence or statement that succinctly and accurately lets the audience know what the speech will be about and what the speaker plans to accomplish in the speech. It is a one-sentence encapsulation of the main points or central idea.

thesis statement

Which of the following is NOT listed as a general purpose for speaking in public?

to inform to entertain to persuade to reinforce to reinforce

The two most important aspects in ethical communication include your ability to remain honest while avoiding plagiarism and ________________.

to set and meet responsible speech goals.