Public Speaking Midterm

Replacing negative thoughts with positive rejoinders is called selective relaxation .

False

What should you NOT do when taking notes during a speech or lecture ?

write down every word you hear

If you are going to give an impromptu speech , what should you determine first ?

your purpose

A speaker's perception of the importance of the occasion often increases communication apprehension .

• True

Education is generally a poor indicator of political preference .

True

What is a popular phrase like " silence is golden " called ?

a maxim

Which of the following figures is often credited with bringing system and order to the study and teaching of public speaking?

aristotle

Which of these words best describes the effective use of oral language ?

colorful

Images of " family , " " light and darkness , " and " stormy seas " are all examples of

enduring metaphors

According to your text , which of the following supporting materials is best suited to arousing the emotional involvement of listeners ?

examples

Camille is interested in speaking on the general topic of healthy food choices . To make her topic area more manageable , she is currently looking for articles on the Mediterranean diet . Which stage of finding and developing her topic is Camille working on ?

exploration

An "other orientation" occurs when another person recognizes that you are listening to their communication.

false

Ethos refers to the use of reasoning and evidence in a speech.

false

_____ refers to the messages listeners send back to a speaker while he or she is speaking.

feedback

The effective use of oral language differs from written language in all of the following ways EXCEPT

it is less audience - centered

Which of the following speaking styles would be most useful when timing and exact wording are important ?

manuscript

Cameron wants to show his audience where battles in the Revolutionary War took place in the eastern states . What's the best type of presentation aid for him to use ?

map

When John heard the speaker refer to a disputed piece of legislation as " fascism , " he became so agitated and angry that he failed to listen to the rest of the speech constructively . John has succumbed to what common barrier to effective listening ?

trigger words

Finding your voice as a public speaker refers to developing technical competence, learning more about yourself, and discovering your place in society.

true

Which of these speakers is in the refinement phase of developing a speech topic ?

?

Your text discusses strategies for uniting listeners and bringing them together , including

?

refer to strongly held thoughts and feelings that predispose us to respond positively or negatively to a given topic or message .

Attitudes

Which of these speakers is experiencing presentation anxiety ?

During her speech , Nora kept wiping the palms of her hands on her slacks because she was so nervous her hands were sweating .

A pie graph is an example of a textual graphic .

False

Being a perfectionist is generally helpful for managing communication apprehension .

False

Beliefs are best defined as strong feelings toward objects , people , events , or ideas - and how we are inclined to act toward them .

False

Brainstorming is a controlled process of topic exploration that subjects ideas to rigorous scrutiny as they are generated .

False

By demographics , we mean attitudes that serve as disruptive barriers to communication .

False

Comprehensive listening involves actively seeking constructive applications of the messages one hears .

False

Empathic listening involves critical evaluation of a message's truth value .

False

Extemporaneous speaking emphasizes exact wording over interaction with the audience .

False

Handouts should be distributed before a speech so that listeners can read along while you are speaking .

False

Immediacy increases tension and anxiety for both speakers and listeners .

False

Jargon refers to shared words that most people know .

False

Listeners ' attitudes toward a topic rarely affect their ability to listen .

False

Maps used as presentation aids should contain as much detail as possible .

False

Mediated prompts are a method for exploring a topic area where the speaker uses a system of questions similar to those used by news writers .

False

Mind mapping establishes certain basic patterns of expression we take for granted in order to free our minds for creative exploration .

False

Optimum pitch refers to the maximum loudness we can achieve without straining our vocal chords .

False

Oral language is less spontaneous than written language .

False

Polls suggest that women are generally less interested in politics than men .

False

Selective relaxation focuses primarily on reframing negative thoughts as positive thoughts .

False

Sentence fragments and slang are never acceptable for public speaking .

False

Sexist language occurs when a person uses subtle contrasts to imply that one race is superior to another .

False

The PREP formula is used to develop the introduction and conclusion of an extemporaneous speech .

False

The best presentation aid for a " how to " speech on changing a bike tire would be a sketch .

False

The exploration phase of topic selection involves identifying general topic areas for discovery and refinement .

False

The specific purpose of a speech should focus on the speaker's intent to inform or persuade .

False

Trigger words typically make it easier for a person to listen more effectively .

False

Visualization occurs when a speaker fails to prepare adequately for a presentation and relies on eye contact and nonverbal cues to complete the speech .

False

When shifting to a communication orientation to alleviate communication apprehension , a speaker should focus on " I " instead of focusing on " we . "

False

When speakers suffer from an illusion of transparency , they have not done proper research to support the facts of the presentation .

False

Jonas will be speaking in a large auditorium . Because he's never spoken in such a large setting , he is nervous . What would be the best advice to help him manage his apprehension ?

He should practice in the actual auditorium where he will speak .

The importance of the situation will likely affect communication anxiety in what way ?

Important situations tend to increase a speaker's anxiety .

Why is a little communication apprehension actually considered a good thing ?

It can be channeled into an effective speaking style .

Which of the following is true of effective language use ?

It can unite listeners around a shared sense of purpose .

When selecting a speech topic , what is the first requirement that must be met ?

It should meet the expectations of the audience and the occasion .

refers to technical language related to a specific field that may be incomprehensible to most listeners .

Jargon

When possible , what should a speaker do to prevent a model or object from being a distraction ?

Keep the object out of sight until it is time to use it .

are the psychological needs , desires , and impulses that move audiences to action .

Motives

Which of the following is an example of alliteration ?

Sally sells seashells by the seashore .

What typical misconception about the audience is often associated with communication anxiety ?

The audience does not want to see you succeed .

Which of these characteristics is typical of a well educated audience ?

They are more critical and demanding consumers of messages .

Which would make the best specific purpose statement for a speech encouraging listeners to donate money to Habitat for Humanity ?

To persuade my audience to donate money to Habitat for Humanity .

A flow chart can be used to show relationships among power and responsibility in organizations .

True

A good topic is one that involves you and one that you care about .

True

A topic area inventory chart can help you discover topic ideas by listing and cross - checking points of interest shared with your listeners .

True

A well - designed graph can make statistical information easier for an audience to understand .

True

Attitudes might refer to whether we like or dislike a topic , or if we approve or disapprove of a person .

True

Effective speakers come across as genuinely interested in communicating with their audiences .

True

Hearing is the physical process in which sound waves affect our eardrums and create sound .

True

Listening just for the facts is a form of ineffective listening .

True

Most students in introductory speech classes experience some nervousness at the prospect of making presentations .

True

One way to counteract the listening barrier of inattention is to put away personal devices such as cell phones and laptops .

True

One way to deal with feedback from the audience that signals disagreement is to stress the values you share with the audience .

True

Preoccupation with personal concerns is a common barrier to effective listening .

True

Presentation aids that encourage the speaker to move can be helpful for coping with communication apprehension .

True

The intense responses provoked by words such as " drugs " and " terror " reflect their connotative meaning .

True

Louis needs a visual aid for comparing the income rates of men and women in his hometown over the past decade . Which of the following would be his best choice ?

a comparative line graph illustrating the relative growth of the income rates of men and women

Lisa needs a visual aid to illustrate how her university allocates its budget . What would be her most likely choice ?

a pie graph

While Barbara thought the speaker knew what he was talking about , she also got the impression he didn't really want to be there and had better things to do with his time . Which requirement for an effective delivery is lacking in this speaker ?

attitude

A speaker who experiences anticipatory anxiety will feel anxious

before he or she even begins to speak

If you are listening to a speech on the Cherokee Tribal Council and your mind drifts off to driving your Jeep Cherokee in the mud , you have succumbed to what common cause of inattention ?

chance association with words

Shantia didn't know whether she should talk to her professor face-to-face or send him an e-mail. What aspect of speaking is Shantia concerned with?

channel

Using words precisely and simply is an example of which of the six Cs of oral language ?

clarity

When they are effectively presented , presentation aids are often more memorable than the words of a speech because they are more

concrete

The strong negative associations that many people have with the term " drugs " best reflects its meaning

connotative

What form of listening is particularly important to protect us from the designs of dishonest speakers ?

critical

What should you refrain from in the initial stage of brainstorming ?

critiquing

After completing a course in public speaking, Maria realizes that she has become more appreciative of the different ways people live. This demonstrates how education in public speaking provides _____ benefits.

cultural

In Congress, legislators present speeches when debating bills and deciding future policies for the country. Aristotle would call these _____ speeches.

deliberative

The age and gender of an audience are examples of information .

demographic

Jenna didn't know the meaning of the word " liberal , " so she decided to look it up in the dictionary . This will provide her with the _________ meaning of the word .

denotative

A speaker would engage in brainstorming during which part of the process of finding and developing speech topics ?

discovering a topic

The specific purpose statement " to inform my listeners about heart disease and the latest drugs for treating high blood pressure " would fall into which trap of poor topic selection ?

double - focus

During the inaugural address , the new U.S. president stands at a podium and looks down to where guests and citizens are seated . Which principle of proxemics does this demonstrate ?

elevation

While traveling internationally , Lydia observes that some people from other cultures seem to be less comfortable making eye contact while communicating . Because most Americans equate eye contact with honesty , she concludes that non - Americans in general are dishonest . Lydia's attitude is an example of

ethnocentrism

The primary audience for a speech consists of anyone who might see it many months later when watching a video of the speech on YouTube.

false

The techniques of topic exploration are concerned primarily with

focusing general areas of interest into more specific topic ideas

The first step in learning to control communication apprehension is to

gain a better understanding of its primary causes

Public speaking provides personal, social, and cultural benefits. Which of the following statements best reflects the personal benefits of education in public speaking?

helping you succeed in the workplace

What does the speaker do in the discovery phase of selecting a topic ?

identify general topic areas

What term is used to describe the connection created between the speaker and the listener as a result of an effective speaking style?

immediacy

What type of speaking is considered " spur of the moment " ?

impromptu

Speakers who talk too slowly , which gives listeners a chance to think about something else , may contribute to which barrier to effective listening ?

inattention

What is the general purpose of a speech to persuade ?

influence beliefs and actions

When incorporating graphics into a speech , it is important for them to be ________

instantly clear to the audience

What approach to developing topic ideas explores " habitual " paths of thought such as people , places , ideas , values , and problems ?

interest charts

When listening to a speech, Jamal is distracted by the sound of students yelling in the hallway. Which of the following barriers to effective communication does this example refer to?

interference

The effective use of presentation aids can benefit your speeches in all the following ways EXCEPT

making eye contact less important

Nora showed the group of six students how to create a French braid by demonstrating the technique using a doll . What type of presentation aid is Nora using ?

model

The common use of repetition in public speaking best reflects what quality of oral language ?

must be instantly understood

According to the text , you should allow at least to select your topic , prepare your speech , and practice your presentation .

one week

To demonstrate how the youngest Irish step dancers learn to dance , Meghan asked her six - year - old sister , Colleen , to the stage to show the audience four basic steps . What type of presentation aid is Meghan using ?

people

Which of the following is an internal factor that can affect a speaker's communication apprehension ?

perfectionism

Jeff believes the federal government needs to cut spending , yet he refuses to consider a proposal to cut spending because it is supported by members of the " other party . " What barrier to effective listening does Jeff's behavior reflect ?

personal bias

Thinking about the date you have after class rather than listening to your instructor represents what common cause of inattention ?

personal concerns

What are our most basic needs according to Abraham Maslow ?

physical

Getting up and closing a window or door because you are having trouble hearing would be the best way to handle what barrier to listening ?

physical noise

Rather than using bars in her graph to distinguish the different prices of fruit , Josie uses images of bananas , apples , and strawberries arranged together so that each image represents one dollar per pound . For instance , four strawberries would signify that strawberries cost four dollars per pound . Josie is using

pictographs

Audience members have the ultimate authority over the message because they decide whether the ideas expressed convey passion , whether or not the message is compelling enough to share with others , and whether the arguments are well supported . In other words , listeners have

power

The _____ audience refers to the people the speaker most wishes to reach and influence with their messages.

primary

The audience's expectations best characterize the _____ of public speaking transactions.

psychological setting

Which of the following accurately describes empathic listening ?

putting yourself in the speaker's shoes

During the 2016 presidential campaign , news about the nominees changed rapidly and the media had to make sure they had the most up - to - date information available before reporting to the public . Which of the four Rs of supporting a claim does this demonstrate ?

recency

What is the first step in overcoming a bias ?

recognizing you have one

The text addresses all of the following qualities of an effective presentation style EXCEPT

reflects a level of skill that cannot be taught

It would be unusual for communication apprehension to be caused by

rehearsing one too many times

Abby said that at least 45 % of the audience probably had low levels of carbon monoxide in their home that could cause health concerns . Her statement best corresponds to which of the needs identified by Abraham Maslow ?

safety and security

Noah has prepared and practiced an excellent presentation , but he's so convinced that he will do poorly that he feels increasingly nervous before his presentation . This exemplifies what common cause of communication anxiety ?

self - sabotage

How is gender stereotyping frequently revealed in American society ?

sexist language

What is the general purpose of a speech to inform ?

share knowledge

Which type of group affiliation is most likely to be selected solely by the individual ?

social

Proxemics is the study of how humans use in communication .

space

While Johnny is careful to avoid the explicit use of ugly labels , he does vent his negative views of non Americans through comments such as , " In this country , we respect law and order . " Johnny's words may be characterized as

symbolic racism

Public speaking classes can act as laboratories for the democratic process.

true